Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a chronic breathing disorder characterized by recurrent upper airway obstruction during sleep. Although previous studies have shown a link between ...OSAHS and depressive mood, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying mood disorders in OSAHS patients remain poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the emotion processing mechanism in OSAHS patients with depressive mood using event-related potentials (ERPs).
Seventy-four OSAHS patients were divided into the depressive mood and non-depressive mood groups according to their Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) scores. Patients underwent overnight polysomnography and completed various cognitive and emotional questionnaires. The patients were shown facial images displaying positive, neutral, and negative emotions and tasked to identify the emotion category, while their visual evoked potential was simultaneously recorded.
The two groups did not differ significantly in age, BMI, and years of education, but showed significant differences in their slow wave sleep ratio (P = 0.039), ESS (P = 0.006), MMSE (P < 0.001), and MOCA scores (P = 0.043). No significant difference was found in accuracy and response time on emotional face recognition between the two groups. N170 latency in the depressive group was significantly longer than the non-depressive group (P = 0.014 and 0.007) at the bilateral parieto-occipital lobe, while no significant difference in N170 amplitude was found. No significant difference in P300 amplitude or latency between the two groups. Furthermore, N170 amplitude at PO7 was positively correlated with the arousal index and negatively with MOCA scores (both P < 0.01).
OSAHS patients with depressive mood exhibit increased N170 latency and impaired facial emotion recognition ability. Special attention towards the depressive mood among OSAHS patients is warranted for its implications for patient care.
•ENO drug molecules were loaded into Mg-Al LDH nanoparticles.•A double-carrier drug delivery system of PU-PVA/LDH-ENO was developed.•PU-PVA/LDH-ENO showed enhanced mechanical properties and ...biocompatibility.•PU-PVA/LDH-ENO showed a slow release of ENO drug molecules.
In this work, a biocompatible and stretchable double-carrier drug delivery system was developed for wound dressing application. Quinolone antibiotics enoxacin (ENO) was loaded into Mg-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) first, and then the as-prepared LDH-ENO nanoparticles were incorporated into polyurethane-polyvinyl alcohol (PU-PVA) hydrogel to build a double-carrier drug delivery system. The results suggested that the introduction of the LDH-ENO nanoparticles into PU-PVA network significantly improved the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of PU-PVA hydrogel. The PU-PVA/LDH-ENO nanocomposite hydrogel, as a double-carrier, obviously delayed the release of the ENO molecules. It suggests that PU-PVA/LDH-ENO nanocomposite hydrogel should be a promising candidate for wound healing applications, especially for the healing of chronic wounds.
In this work, silica-based luminescent materials containing different contents of carbon were synthesized from rice husk biomass. The intrinsic structure, chemical composition, as well as ...photoluminescent features were investigated. The results suggest that two forms of carbon, i.e., carbon that is chemically bonded and nonbonded with silica, exist in the structure of the as-prepared amorphous silica nanoparticles, which are believed to be responsible for the origin and quenching of photoluminescence, respectively. The generation of successive localized energy levels within the band gap of silica by the chemically bonded carbon is believed to be the luminescent mechanism. The insight into the photoluminescence of rice husk derived carbon-incorporated silica nanoparticles in this work would be valuable for researchers to further modify the luminescent features for practical applications.
The capital market opening policies of Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect and the Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect offer international investors an approach to investing directly in Mainland China ...stock markets. In this paper, we investigate the impact of the capital market opening policies on the stock price crash risk in China. With a dynamic difference-in-difference (DID) model, we find that capital market opening policies significantly reduce the stock price crash risk with a dynamic difference-in-difference (DID) model. Also, we study the influence mechanism of the capital market opening to reduce the stock price crash risk. We find that the capital market opening policies reduce the stock price crash risk by improving corporate governance and increasing information transparency. Furthermore, we find that the effect of the capital market opening policies is more pronounced among state-owned companies and high-tech industries.
•We find the capital market opening policies significantly reduce the stock price crash risk.•The capital market opening policies reduce the stock price crash risk by improving corporate governance and increasing information transparency.
Switching the formic acid oxidation reaction (FAOR) pathway from CO intermediate to direct CO2 formation is essential for noble‐metal electrocatalysts, but rare investigations on Ir‐based materials. ...Herein, the atomic configurations of Ir are controlled to enhance the FAOR performance via Ir3V intermetallics (O‐Ir3V). As the ordering degree of O‐Ir3V increases, the Ir ensemble size decreases to trimer and dimer, leading to a 7.3 times promotion in mass normalized activity relative to Ir. Supported by electrochemical in situ attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy results, it shows that FAOR occurs via linear CO mediated pathway on Ir, but it is totally switched to a direct pathway on highly ordered O‐Ir3V. The preserved ordered structure and V oxides on the surface during the durability test contribute to the enhanced stability. This study provides an idea to switch the FAOR pathway through tuning the Ir atom configuration by constructing ordered intermetallics.
This study presents a strategy to switch the pathway of formic acid electrooxidation reaction via controlling the Ir atomic configurations. The larger Ir ensembles favor the formation of CO intermediates while the smaller Ir ensembles in ordered Ir3V intermetallics promote the direct electrooxidation of formic acid into CO2, which reflects the relationship between CO affinity and Ir atomic configurations.
Pedestrian detection has received considerable research interest due to its wide application and has made significant progress along with the development of deep neural networks. However, crowd ...occlusion still remains a significant challenge to current state-of-the-art pedestrian detectors due to the complication in formulating interactions between occluded instances. Inspired by the Coulomb force, we in this work set each proposal as a single electric charge and define the attractive and repulsive forces to model the interaction between ground truths and assigned proposals. This design is driven by two motivations: the attractive force pulls bounding boxes toward their assigned targets, aggregating them compactly around the ground truths. The repulsive force pushes bounding boxes away from other instances, preventing them from shifting to surrounding pedestrians. With this insight, we propose a novel bounding box regression loss and achieve more robust localization performance in crowded scenes without introducing any computational overhead. Extensive experimental evaluations on the CityPersons and CrowdHuman benchmarks demonstrate consistent state-of-the-art performance.
The strong metal-support interaction between Pt and Ti0.9Mo0.1O2 regulated the electronic structure of Pt and the hydrogen spillover effect accelerated the hydrogen evolution process, resulting in ...excellent catalytic activity and stability.
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The Platinum (Pt)-based catalysts exhibit excellent catalytic performance for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) while suffering from poor stability due to the weak interaction between the carbon support and Pt. Herein, a molybdenum-doped titanium dioxide (Ti0.9Mo0.1O2) supported low-Pt electrocatalyst with stronger interaction between catalyst and support is applied to tune the electrocatalytic performance of Pt. The Ti0.9Mo0.1O2 support can not only tolerate the corrosion environment in the catalytic system, but also generate strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) between the oxide and catalyst. A facile solvothermal method is used to prepare Ti0.9Mo0.1O2 as support to anchor Pt nanoparticles. The 5% Pt supported on Ti0.9Mo0.1O2 catalyst exhibits 4.4-fold mass activity (MA) at an overpotential of 50mV and higher stability than 20% Pt/C with only 1/4 Pt loading. The SMSI between the Ti0.9Mo0.1O2 and Pt prevents the Pt aggregation to achieve excellent stability, and hydrogen spillover effect in the interface between Pt and support benefits the hydrogen production process. This work presents a novel sight for the fabrication and design of oxide supported catalysts in various catalytic system by reasonably employing support effect.
Tremendous progresses have been made in recent years in developing better image captioning models, yet most of them rely on a separate object detector to extract regional features. Recent ...vision-language studies are shifting towards the detector-free trend by leveraging grid representations for more flexible model training and faster inference speed. However, such development is primarily focused on image understanding tasks, and remains less investigated for the caption generation task. In this paper, we are concerned with a better-performing detector-free image captioning model, and propose a pure vision transformer-based image captioning model, dubbed as ViTCAP, in which grid representations are used without extracting the regional features. For improved performance, we introduce a novel Concept Token Network (CTN) to predict the semantic concepts and then incorporate them into the end-to-end captioning. In particular, the CTN is built on the basis of a vision transformer, and is designed to predict the concept tokens through a classification task, from which the rich semantic information contained greatly benefits the captioning task. Compared with the previous detector-based models, ViTCAP drastically simplifies the architectures and at the same time achieves competitive performance on various challenging image captioning datasets. In particular, ViTCAP reaches 138.1 CIDEr scores on COCO-caption Karpathy-split, 93.8 and 108.6 CIDEr scores on nocaps and Google-CC captioning datasets, respectively.
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