A catalytic reductive cross‐coupling between arylaldehydes and aryl electrophiles using a silylboronate as a terminal reductant is described. The reaction involves a copper‐catalyzed silylboration of ...aldehydes affording the O‐borylated α‐silyl alcohols followed by a nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction with aryl electrophiles. This protocol offers a new opportunity to access 1,1‐diarylmethanol derivatives without rare metals or highly basic organometallic reagents.
This manuscript describes a catalytic reductive cross‐coupling between arylaldehydes and aryl electrophiles using silylboronate as a terminal reductant. The reaction involves a copper‐catalyzed silylboration of aldehydes affording the O‐borylated α‐silyl alcohols followed by the nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction with aryl electrophiles. This protocol offers a new opportunity to access 1,1‐diarylmethanol derivatives without rare‐metals and highly basic organometallic reagents.
Purpose The objective of this study was to provide cerebral stroke patients with virtual reality videos of gait occurring at a faster speed than their actual measured gait speed and ascertain the ...effect on generating errors of gait. Participants and Methods The participants were 12 stroke patients. They were given a 2-minute virtual reality presentation of gait occurring at a speed faster than their actual measured comfortable walking speed. Immediately following the presentation, their 10-m walking speed was measured again to observe the immediate effect of the intervention, after which the time required to walk at maximum gait speed was measured. Stride length, cadence, and walking speed before and after the intervention were compared. In addition, heard an immersive feeling. Results At a comfortable walking speed, the cadence improved significantly post-intervention. Walking speed and stride length also tended to increase. At the maximum walking speed, there were no significant differences in any parameter. There was no problem with the immersive feeling. Conclusion After watching virtual reality videos of gait at a speed faster than the patients’ actual gait speed, their walking speed tended to increase in comfortable walking. It was speculated that this technique could be applied to walking training, depending on the device.
Abstract. Purpose The objective of this study was to provide cerebral stroke patients with virtual reality videos of gait occurring at a faster speed than their actual measured gait speed and ...ascertain the effect on generating errors of gait. Participants and Methods The participants were 12 stroke patients. They were given a 2-minute virtual reality presentation of gait occurring at a speed faster than their actual measured comfortable walking speed. Immediately following the presentation, their 10-m walking speed was measured again to observe the immediate effect of the intervention, after which the time required to walk at maximum gait speed was measured. Stride length, cadence, and walking speed before and after the intervention were compared. In addition, heard an immersive feeling. Results At a comfortable walking speed, the cadence improved significantly post-intervention. Walking speed and stride length also tended to increase. At the maximum walking speed, there were no significant differences in any parameter. There was no problem with the immersive feeling. Conclusion After watching virtual reality videos of gait at a speed faster than the patients' actual gait speed, their walking speed tended to increase in comfortable walking. It was speculated that this technique could be applied to walking training, depending on the device.
One of the threats to industrial unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), which require a high level of safety, is the degradation of control wireless communication performance due to electromagnetic ...interference. Self-jamming caused by unintentional electromagnetic (EM) noises from the multiple electronic devices installed in a UAV, such as the power supply and camera, is a fundamental issue independent of the surrounding environment. UAVs are susceptible to self-jamming since electronic devices as noise sources are densely mounted inside their chassis. Therefore, evaluating the self-jamming problem and taking countermeasures to achieve high safety in wireless communication performance are important. In this paper, we focus on mobile communications used for UAV operation and evaluate the impact of EM noise generated by a commercial industrial UAV on the receiver sensitivity of an onboard mobile communication device. It was found that EM noise generated by the UAV degrades the sensitivity in the three communication bands, 800 MHz, 1800 MHz, and 2100 MHz, used over the air. In particular, receiver sensitivity was degraded by up to 29 dB in the 800 MHz band. These results indicate that the self-jamming problem is not negligible for the safe operation of industrial UAVs. In addition, countermeasures for self-jamming were taken at the mechanical design level to suppress EM noise to a level that does not degrade mobile communication performance. This paper clarified that countermeasures for self-jamming are an important element for safe UAV operation.
We previously reported that liposomalized 5′-
O-dipalmitoylphosphatidyl 2′-
C-cyano-2′-deoxy-1-β-
D-
arabino-pentofuranosylcytosine (DPP-CNDAC), a hydrophobized derivative of the novel antitumor ...nucleoside CNDAC, is quite useful for cancer therapy. On the other hand, for anti-neovascular therapy, we recently isolated peptides homing to angiogenic vessels from a phage-displayed random peptide library, and observed that peptide-modified liposomal adriamycin strongly suppressed tumor growth, perhaps through damaging angiogenic endothelial cells. In the present study, we modified DPP-CNDAC-liposomes with one of the angiogenic homing peptides, APRPG, and examined their antitumor activity. Three doses of APRPG-modified DPP-CNDAC-liposomes (15 mg/kg as CNDAC) strongly inhibited tumor growth compared with the same number of doses of unmodified DPP-CNDAC-liposomes. The life span was increased 31.8%, with one completely cured mouse out of the six mice treated. Since the accumulation of liposomes in the tumor tissue was not so much different between APRPG-liposomes and non-modified liposomes, the enhanced therapeutic efficacy may be explained as the alteration of targets, i.e. APRPG-modified DPP-CNDAC-liposomes caused tumor growth suppression through damage of angiogenic endothelial cells. Anti-neovascular therapy promises no drug resistance, and should be effective against essentially any kind of solid tumor; and thus the present results demonstrate another benefit of the therapy, namely, high efficacy of cancer treatment.
Crithidia mellificae (C. mellificae) and Lotmaria passim (L. passim) are trypanosomatids that infect Apis mellifera. We analyzed the prevalence of C. mellificae and L. passim in six regions of Japan ...from 2018 to 2019. The detection rate of C. mellificae was 0.0% in all regions, whereas L. passim was detected in 16.7%–66.7% of the honeybees. L. passim was detected at a significantly lower rate in the Cyugoku-Shikoku region than in other regions. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) locus of related species was performed. All the samples in this study could be assigned to the L. passim clade. This study reveals that L. passim infection is predominantly prevalent in Japan. Further epidemiological surveys are needed to clarify the prevalence of C. mellificae infection in honeybees in Japan.
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•L. passim infection was predominantly prevalent in Japan.•L. passim was significantly less prevalent in Chugoku-Shikoku region.•C. mellificae was not detected.
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are widely spreading in industrial fields such as logistics, surveillance, and disaster relief. UAVs are usually controlled through remote controllers, but the ...transmission range is limited to a few kilometers. To expand their flight area, industrial UAVs use mobile communication systems. Mobile communication systems, such as long-term evolution (LTE) and 5 th generation (5G), are sensitive to electromagnetic interference since 3 rd generation partnership project (3GPP) defined the receiver sensitivity of mobile communication systems to operate correctly even at low power. The electromagnetic (EM) environment is complex since various electric modules are densely mounted inside UAVs. Therefore, UAVs need evaluation and countermeasures for electromagnetic interference to operate safely above a populated area. This paper shows the evaluation of emission noise from UAVs and the effect of EM shielding by their chassis. In the case of the test UAV, emission noise degraded the receiver sensitivity of the LTE communication system by 30 dB, and the EM shielding degraded the sensitivity by 18 dB in the 800-MHz band. Emission noise and EM shielding significantly impact the wireless performance of UAVs.
This report describes a rare case of an arterial anomaly in the celiaco-mesenteric region, encountered in a Japanese female cadaver for dissection at the gross anatomy laboratory of Kurume University ...School of Medicine in 2003. The usual celiac trunk was not identified, and the left gastric artery, the splenic artery and the hepato-mesenteric trunk independently arose from the abdominal aorta. Moreover, the hepatic artery arising from the hepato-mesenteric trunk ran behind the portal vein. The classification for this type of arterial anomaly is a Type III' of Morita's classification and Type II of Higashi and Hirai's classification, not belong to the Adachi's.
Wide band gap (WBG) semiconductors such as gallium nitride (GaN) have become popular among switching power modules. In pursuing power conversion efficiency, power module's high-speed and high-power ...operation leads to electromagnetic (EM) noise in a very wide frequency range, potentially interfering with nearby wireless communications (e.g. long-term evolution, LTE). This paper analyzed the source of EM noise from the power modules using GaN transistors in half-bridge circuits. EM noise was clearly observed in the proximity of power modules and attributed to two primary sources in the frequency range of interest up to 6 GHz; (1) the periodical switching operation of GaN transistors in the output stage and (2) the logic operation of CMOS digital circuits to control gate drivers, in the lower and upper side of frequencies, respectively. Measurements analyzed the EM noise characteristics at different probing locations over the assembly of two GaN power modules as well as in different operating conditions by strategically supplying source signals. The influence of EM noise on LTE receiver performance is evaluated with wireless system-level simulation and related to the degradation of its minimum receivable input power.
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