Objectives. This study aimed to investigate the impact of gamification in physical education on enhancing the self-esteem, satisfaction, and motor skills of 7-9-year-old elementary school students. ...Materials and methods. This study employed a pre-experimental method using a one-group pretest-posttest design without a control group. The participants were 90 elementary school students aged 7-9 years in Salatiga City (Indonesia), selected through purposive sampling. The research instruments included self-esteem, sports satisfaction, and motor skills assessment tools that have been validated and tested for reliability. The gamified intervention was implemented in physical education instruction over eight weeks. The statistical analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, prerequisite tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and paired samples t-tests. Results. The study’s findings indicate significant changes in the observed variables following the intervention, with a significance value (Sig) of 0.000 < 0.05. The calculated t-values for all three variables were more significant than the critical t-value of 1.990, with a significance level (Sig. 2-tailed) < 0.05. Therefore, this implies that gamification in elementary physical education instruction has a statistically significant positive impact on students’ self-esteem, satisfaction, and motor skills. Conclusions. The findings elucidate that the implementation of a gamification intervention has proven effective in enhancing students’ self-esteem, satisfaction with learning, and motor skills abilities. The practical implications of these findings underscore the importance of considering the integration of gamified process into instructional design as a strategy to enhance the quality of physical education learning in elementary schools.
The achievement coaching program aims to introduce, grow, guide, and develop a personality basis that is balanced, intact, and in harmony to provide knowledge and skills according to talent. Sports ...teams need the right coaching program to achieve maximum performance. This study aimed to identify, reveal, and evaluate the performance development of the IBL Satya Wacana Salatiga team. The evaluation includes context, input, process, and product. The design used in this research is program evaluation, which uses a quantitative and qualitative approach. In comparison, the model used in this study is the CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product) model. The subjects in this study are all the administrators, coaches, and athletes of the IBL Satya Wacana Salatiga basketball team. They were directly involved in the achievement coaching program. Data collection techniques were collected using a questionnaire, observation, documentation, and interviews. The data analysis technique study uses quantitative descriptive and the Mile and Huberman interactive analysis model. The results and conclusion of the overall evaluation using the CIPP model for the Satya Wacana Salatiga (SWS) basketball team explained that the achievement coaching program implemented was good. However, there were still some areas for improvement in the SWS basketball team achievement coaching program, starting from facilities and infrastructure, funding, and awards. Evaluation in the coaching process continues to improve from time to time.
Abstract
Leaf spot is considered as a common disease of oil palm, caused primarily by
Curvularia
spp. fungi. This disease mainly affects the early stages of oil palm and if not adequately controlled ...can cause plant death. Among the methods available to control the disease, breeding resistant varieties is the most economically effective and promising strategy. A genome‐wide association study for leaf spot resistance was conducted on 210 individual
tenera
palms from seven different (origin) crosses. These palms were subsequently infected with
Curvularia
spp. pathogenic inoculum in a nursery trial located in an endemic area. The area under the disease progress curve was used as a phenotypic measure. In addition, a genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) approach was used to obtain the genotyping data of each individual. We found two loci, at chromosome 2 and chromosome 13, that were significantly associated with leaf spot disease resistance. Six genetic variants at the two loci (five variants at chromosome 2 and one variant at chromosome 13) surpassed the threshold for genome‐wide significance (
p
< 10
6
). These loci are linked with three widely known disease‐related genes, namely, resistance gene analogue 3 (
RGA3
), resistance gene analogue 4 (
RGA4
) and receptor‐like protein 9a (
RLP9a
). The loci identified here can be used for marker‐assisted selection when developing leaf spot disease‐resistant oil palm varieties.
Background and Study Aim. The assessment instrument for gross motor skills in physical education is crucial in developing fundamental motor skills in elementary school students. This research aims to ...formulate an assessment tool for gross motor skills tailored to students aged 7-9, aligning with their specific characteristics. Material and Methods. This study adopts a research and development approach utilizing the 4D development procedure (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate). It involves the validation process by five experts in motor skills and physical education, comprising faculty members from five distinct universities. The trial subjects encompass 310 elementary school students aged 7-9, while the instrument's effectiveness is evaluated by 35 individuals, including physical education teachers and students. Statistical analyses encompass content validity, criterion validity, test-retest reliability using Cronbach's alpha, and descriptive percentage analysis. Results. This research has produced a gross motor skills assessment instrument comprising 11 movement components: sit and stand up, rolling, one-leg stand, gallop, slide, jump, bouncing a ball, catching, throwing, kicking, and hitting. The content validity result is 1>0.763, criterion validity (rxy) > 0.304, Cronbach's alpha value for all items > 0.60, and the average perception assessment of instrument effectiveness > 93%, falling into the category of extremely high. Conclusions. The assessment instrument demonstrates high validity and reliability, effectively addressing the challenges associated with the need for assessments tailored to the evaluated subject's characteristics, objectives, and relevance. An easily comprehensible instrument, coupled with language accessibility, yields positive outcomes for physical education teachers in the assessment process.
Abstract The utilization of biodiesel-diesel blends has gained significant momentum in recent years. However, the unique properties of palm oil biodiesel demand careful handling compared to ...conventional diesel fuel whereas the most important is the preservation of oxidation stability. It is related to the resistance of biodiesel and its blends against heat and oxygen-induced oxidation reactions. This study focuses on the aging characteristics of palm oil biodiesel-diesel blends (B10 to B50) which were impacted by varying pristine biodiesel oxidation stability by aging with air and heat exposure. The experiment of biodiesel and its blend aging was set up using the Accelerated method (EN 14112 / EN 15751) and Rapid Smale Scale Oxidation Test method (ASTM D7545). Furthermore, the effects of diesel fuel aging on high and low biodiesel oxidation stability were examined, including density, kinematic viscosity, water content, acid number, and lubricity. Based on the results, it was found that the aging time of palm oil biodiesel significantly influences the oxidative parameters of the biodiesel-diesel blends (B10 to B50). Moreover, prolonged aging resulted in decreased oxidation stability and increased viscosity, total acid number, and lubricity. These outcomes highlight how crucial it is to handle and store palm oil biodiesel properly in order to maintain the quality of biodiesel-diesel blends.
Abstract Given the availability and the potential of bioresources as blending components of diesel blends, the synergy of turpentine oil and ethanol in the B40 biodiesel blend is presented in this ...work. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to study the influence of both bioresources on the important characteristics of B40 biodiesel blends, i.e., cloud point and oxidation stability. Based on the result, the relationship between turpentine oil and ethanol on cloud point was best expressed with a two-factor interaction (2FI) model. Meanwhile, the quadratic model was more suitable for oxidation stability The most ideal cloud point was found at 10.6 °C in 8% v/v and 0.5% v/v of turpentine oil and ethanol concentration, respectively and the most ideal oxidation induction time was found at 250 minutes in 5% v/v and 0.7% v/v of turpentine oil and ethanol, respectively. It is believed that the rigid structure of turpentine oil is responsible for preventing crystal formation and the ethanol-biodiesel blend attraction also enhances their liquid-phase stability. Furthermore, the oxidation stability of B40 biodiesel blends continues to be maintained at sufficient levels.
A biodegradable seedling container was developed to minimize plastic waste in the field during post-mining land revegetation activities. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the physiological ...response and growth of Samanea saman grown in a biodegradable seedling container filled with post-silica mined soil media. A factorial experimental design was used with two factors, namely (1) basic raw materials, namely recycled newspaper, compost, and cocopeat, and (2) size of raw materials, including 5 mesh, 10 mesh, and 8 mesh. The parameters measured were photosynthetic rate, leaf greenness index, transpiration rate, height, and diameter of S. saman seedlings. The results showed that the interaction between the composition and size of basic raw materials of the biodegradable seedling container significantly increased the photosynthetic rate, leaf greenness index, transpiration rate, height, and diameter of seedlings. There was also a positive correlation between the rate of photosynthetic and leaf greenness index (r = 0.838). Furthermore, the C/N ratio of the biodegradable pot varied depending on the composition of materials used. After two months, the C/N ratio decreased, indicating that decomposition processes had occurred. Analysis of the biodegradable seedling container showed that it contains less than 0.08 mg Pb kg-1, which was considered a non-toxic element for plant growth.
Background. The flipped classroom approach has been gaining increasing attention across various educational domains, including physical education. Recent research has underscored the necessity for ...innovative strategies to enhance student engagement in physical education, particularly in basketball instruction. Objectives. This study aimed to investigate the influence of the flipped classroom approach on student engagement in Basketball instruction within the Physical Education, Health, and Recreation program at the University level. Materials and methods. The research method involved an experimental design using the static group comparison approach, where 62 students enrolled in physical education were divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received instruction through the flipped classroom approach, while the control group underwent conventional instruction, with the intervention lasting for seven weeks. A comprehensive engagement scale questionnaire was used as the research instrument. Data analysis techniques included descriptive analysis and independent samples t-test. Results. The research findings revealed significantly higher levels of engagement in the agentic, behavioral, emotional, and cognitive dimensions among students in the flipped classroom group compared to those in the conventional classroom group. This indicates that the flipped classroom approach has a considerable effect on student engagement in basketball instruction. Conclusions. The study’s results have confirmed the effectiveness of the innovative pedagogical strategy of the flipped classroom in fostering meaningful learning experiences and motivating students within the context of physical education.
Intense efforts to develop alternative materials for gelatine as a drug-delivery system are progressing at a high rate. Some of the materials developed are hard capsules made from alginate, ...carrageenan, hypromellose and cellulose. However, there are still some disadvantages that must be minimised or eliminated for future use in drug-delivery systems. This review attempts to review the preparation and potential of seaweed-based, specifically carrageenan, hard capsules, summarise their properties and highlight their potential as an optional main component of hard capsules in a drug-delivery system. The characterisation methods reviewed were dimensional analysis, water and ash content, microbial activity, viscosity analysis, mechanical analysis, scanning electron microscopy, swelling degree analysis, gel permeation chromatography, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and thermal analysis. The release kinetics of the capsule is highlighted as well. This review is expected to provide insights for new researchers developing innovative products from carrageenan-based hard capsules, which will support the development goals of the industry.
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