An increasing number of ideal cardiovascular health factors have been associated with a lower prevalence and incidence of ASCVD events, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, cancer, depression, and ...cognitive impairment (S1-7). ...moving individuals toward ideal cardiovascular health is critically important for prevention of many important health conditions. ...it is difficult, perhaps impossible, to assess long-term effectiveness in terms of survival or quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) or associated costs because of increasing uncertainty about outcome the further one tries to look into the future.” ...social determinants of ASCVD risk—and their impact on the patient’s ability to prevent or treat risk factors—must be taken into account. High blood pressure ▪Short sleep duration (<6 h) and poor-quality sleep are associated with high blood pressure and should be considered (S2.1-41). Because other lifestyle habits can impact blood pressure, access to a healthy, low-sodium diet and viable exercise options should also be considered.
Evidence Gaps and Future Directionse208 Appendix 1 Author Relationships With Industry and Other Entities (Relevant)e238 Appendix 2 Reviewer Relationships With Industry and Other Entities ...(Comprehensive)e240 Preamble Since 1980, the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and American Heart Association (AHA) have translated scientific evidence into clinical practice guidelines (guidelines) with recommendations to improve cardiovascular health.In 2013, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Advisory Council recommended that the NHLBI focus specifically on reviewing the highest-quality evidence and partner with other organizations to develop recommendations (P-1,P-2)....the ACC and AHA collaborated with the NHLBI and stakeholder and professional organizations to complete and publish 4 guidelines (on assessment of cardiovascular risk, lifestyle modifications to reduce cardiovascular risk, management of blood cholesterol in adults, and management of overweight and obesity in adults) to make them available to the widest possible constituency.Adherence to recommendations can be enhanced by shared decision making between clinicians and patients, with patient engagement in selecting interventions on the basis of individual values, preferences, and associated conditions and comorbidities.Methodology and Modernization The ACC/AHA Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines (Task Force) continuously reviews, updates, and modifies guideline methodology on the basis of published standards from organizations, including the Institute of Medicine (P-3,P-4), and on the basis of internal reevaluation.
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