The modification of TiO
2
nanotube arrays (TiO
2
NTS) to enhance the photoelectrochemical performance is highly applauded yet challenging. In this work, the multi-modification of TiO
2
NTS has been ...achieved by introducing hydrogenation (self-doping) and sulfur-doping as well as semiconductor compounding of WO
3
, marked as H/S-WO
3
/TiO
2
NTS. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of self-doping, sulfur-doping and WO
3
compounding on TiO
2
NTS, the as-prepared H/S-WO
3
/TiO
2
NTS achieved a saturated photocurrent density of 2.48 mA/cm
2
. The corresponding photoconversion efficiency was 1.45%, which was 6.59 times than that of pure TiO
2
NTS. Our superior TiO
2
NTS enabled by semiconductor compounding, self-doping and sulfur-doping enlightens a new arena for the development of high-performance photoanode materials.
Graphical Abstract
BackgroundZhejiang, ranked in the top three in HFMD (hand, foot, and mouth disease) incidence, is located in the Yangtze River Delta region of southeast China. Since 2016, the EV71 vaccine has been ...promoted in Zhejiang Province. This study aimed to investigate the trend and seasonal variation characteristics of HFMD from 2010 to 2021 and estimate the reduction in enterovirus 71 infection after vaccine use.MethodsThe data on HFMD cases in Zhejiang Province from January 2010 to December 2021 were obtained from this network system. Individual information on cases and deaths was imported, and surveillance information, including demographic characteristics and temporal distributions, was computed by the system. The Joinpoint regression model was used to describe continuous changes in the incidence trend. The BSTS (Bayesian structural time-series models) model was used to estimate the monthly number of cases from 2017 to 2021 based on the observed monthly incidence during 2010-2016 by accounting for seasonality and long-term trends. The seasonal variation characteristics of HFMD pathogens were detected by wavelet analysis.ResultsFrom 2010 to 2021, the annual incidence rate fluctuated between 98.81 cases per 100,000 in 2020 and 435.63 cases per 100,000 in 2018, and 1711 severe HFMD cases and 106 fatal cases were reported in Zhejiang Province, China. The annual percent change (APC) in EV71 cases was -30.72% (95% CI: -45.10 to -12.50) from 2016 to 2021. The wavelet transform of total incidence and number of cases of the three pathogens all showed significant periodicity on the 1-year scale. The average 2-year scale periodicity was significant for the total incidence, EV71 cases and Cox A16 cases, but the other enterovirus cases showed significant periodicity on the 30-month scale. The 6-month scale periodicity was significant for the total incidence, EV71 case and Cox A16 case but not for the other enteroviruses case. The relative error percentage of the performance of the BSTS model was 0.3%. The estimated number of cases from 2017 to 2021 after the EV-A71 vaccines were used was 9422, and the reduction in the number of cases infected with the EV71 virus was 73.43% compared to 70.80% when the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic in 2020 was excluded.ConclusionsSince 2010, the incidence of EV71 infections has shown an obvious downward trend. All types of viruses showed significant periodicity on the 1-year scale. The periodicity of the biennial peak is mainly related to EV71 and Cox A16 before 2017 and other enteroviruses since 2018. The half-year peak cycle of HFMD was mainly caused by EV71 and Cox A6 infection. The expected incidence will be 2.76 times(include the cases of 2020) and 2.43 times(exclude the cases of 2020) higher than the actual value assuming that the measures of vaccination are not taken. EV71 vaccines are very effective and should be administered in the age window between 5 months and 5 years.
Aiming at the problem of water mist condensation on the fiber end face in a high-power fiber laser system, the most important factor causing this problem is that the traditional optical fiber ...connector does not have the mois-ture-proof sealing performance. The connector structure assembly and use process are analyzed in-depth, and the causes of the moisture-proof seal defects are pointed out. Through technological innovation and process improvement, a moisture-proof seal fiber connector is designed and completed. The principle and structure of the moisture-proof seal of the new connector are introduced. The main performances of the new connector are tested comprehensively, including immersion test, constant damp heat test, online application test. The experimental results show that the new connector has a better moisture-proof seal with IL less than 0.2 dB.
The retro-Michael addition and thiol exchange of thioether succinimide click linkages in response to thiol-containing environments offers a novel and well-established strategy for the design of ...glutathione-sensitive degradable hydrogels for controlled drug delivery. Here we demonstrate that the kinetics and extent of the retro Michael-type addition and thiol exchange are significantly dependent on the nature of both thiols and N-substituents of maleimides. A series of N-substituted succinimide thioethers were prepared through typical Michael-type addition. Model studies (1H NMR, HPLC) of 4-mercaptophenylacetic acid (MPA, pKa 6.6) conjugated to N-ethyl maleimide (NEM), N-phenyl maleimide (NPM) or N-aminoethyl maleimide (NAEM) incubated with glutathione showed half-lives of conversion from 3.1 h to 18 h, with extents of conversion from 12.3% to 89.5%. Rapid thiol exchange is attributed to the resonance effect of the N-phenyl group for NPM conjugates, while the electron-withdrawing inductive effect of groups such as protonated N-aminoethyl group favors a higher level of ring-opening than retro reaction. Further model studies of 4-mercaptohydrocinnamic acid (MPP, pKa 7.0), N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC, pKa 9.5) conjugated to selected N-substituted maleimides incubated with glutathione showed half-lives of conversion from 3.6 h to 258 h, with extents of conversion from 0.8% to 90.7%. Higher pKa of thiols decreased the rate of the exchange reaction and limited the impact of other electronic effects of N-substituents on the extents of conversion. Additional factors affecting the degradation kinetics were studied on NEM conjugates. The kinetics of retro and exchange reaction was not hindered in thiol traps of lower pK a but retarded in conditions of lower pH. These studies shed light into details of thiol and maleimide design that could be used to tune the rates of degradation of drug and polymer conjugates for a variety of applications.
In this paper, we try to determine how best to improve state-of-the-art methods for relevance ranking in web searching by query segmentation. Query segmentation is meant to separate the input query ...into segments, typically natural language phrases. We propose employing the re-ranking approach in query segmentation, which first employs a generative model to create the top
k
candidates and then employs a discriminative model to re-rank the candidates to obtain the final segmentation result. The method has been widely utilized for structure prediction in natural language processing, but has not been applied to query segmentation, as far as we know. Furthermore, we propose a new method for using the results of query segmentation in relevance ranking, which takes both the original query words and the segmented query phrases as units of query representation. We investigate whether our method can improve three relevance models, namely
n
-gram BM25, key
n
-gram model and term dependency model, within the framework of learning to rank. Our experimental results on large scale web search datasets show that our method can indeed significantly improve relevance ranking in all three cases.
To identify the risk factors and source of infection leading to human infections with the Influenza A(H7N9) virus in urban and rural areas. We conducted a case-control investigation to identify ...potential exposures and risk factors. Controls were randomly selected from the same community as the cases using random digit dialing. We used exact conditional logistic regression to evaluate the exposures and risk factors, stratified by urban and rural residence. Buying live or freshly slaughtered poultry from a market was significantly associated with illness onset among both urban 48% of 25 case-patients and 12% of 125 control-persons, adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 19, 95% CI: 2.3-929 and rural (33% of 18 case-patients and 8.9% of 90 control-persons, AOR = 13, 95% CI:1.5-infinity) residents. In rural area, tending to home-raised poultry (56% of 18 case-patients and 10% of 90 control-persons, AOR = 57, 95% CI: 7.5-infinity) and existence of a poultry farm in the vicinity of the residence (28% of 18 case-patients and 5.6% of 90 control-persons, AOR = 37, 95% CI: 3.8-infinity) were also significantly associated with disease onset. Presence of underlying medical conditions was a significant risk factor for urban residents (76% of 25 case-patients and 13% of 125 control-persons, AOR = 49, 95% CI: 7.1-2132). Buying live or freshly slaughtered poultry from a market is a risk factor for both urban and rural residents, tending to home-raised poultry and existence of a poultry farm in the vicinity of the residence are risk factors unique for rural residents. The virus might have been in stealth circulation in the poultry population before infecting humans. We recommend strict poultry market management and multisectoral collaboration to identify the extent of poultry infection in China.
Research on the overall reliability of data centers Wu, Haocheng; Wu, Bofan; Wang, Zanbin
Proceedings of the 2023 4th International Conference on Big Data Economy and Information Management,
12/2023
Conference Proceeding
With the increase in data volume, the increasing complexity of data services, and the increasing dependence of life and production on the Internet, how to improve the reliability of data centers as ...carriers of Internet information has become one of the main research hotspots in the data center industry. This article first introduces the main components of the data center module; Afterwards, the concept of reliability and its main indicators were introduced; Then, study and construct the overall reliability model of the data center, as well as the reliability models of each subsystem; Finally, the study analyzed that under the condition that each subsystem has an ultra-high reliability index (99.9%), the overall reliability of the data center is only 99.3%. This article provides a development direction for further improving the overall reliability of data centers.
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