In order to extract the correct sentiment polarity from word of mouth (WOM), a wide-scale and well-organized sentiment lexicon is generally beneficial. SenticNet is one such lexicon. However, it ...consists of a high proportion of objective words, which are generally considered to be of little use for sentiment classification due to their ambiguity and lack of sentiments. In the literature, there is a dearth of models that focus on this issue. An objective word appearing more frequently in positive sentences than in negative sentences implies a strong relationship in a positive sentiment orientation, and conversely, an objective word appearing more frequently in negative sentences implies a strong relationship in a negative sentiment orientation. Thus, the ratio of an objective word appearing in positive and negative sentences provides the sentiment orientation. Based on this concept, this paper re-assigns the sentiment values to the objective words in SenticNet and builds a revised SenticNet. Three classification techniques, the J48 decision tree, support vector machine, and multilayer perceptron neural network are used for classification. According to the experiments, the proposed models which extract sentiment values from the revised SenticNet, significantly outperform those models which extract sentiment values from the original non-revised SenticNet.
Chronic psychostimulant treatment in rodents readily produces behavioral sensitization, which reflects altered brain function in response to repeated drug exposure. Numerous morphological and ...biochemical investigations implicate altered neural plasticity in striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) as an essential component in behavioral sensitization. The mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, a key regulator of synaptic neuroplasticity, in the ventral striatum of methamphetamine (METH) -sensitized mice was investigated to determine if a link exists with the development of METH sensitization. Behaviorally, METH-sensitized mice possessed increased levels of phosphorylated mTOR/S2448 and its down-stream regulator p70S6K and pS6 in the ventral striatum. Systemic treatment with rapamycin, a specific mTOR inhibitor, coincident with a daily METH injection suppressed the induction of METH sensitization and reduced the number of dendritic spines in the shell and core of the nucleus accumbens. The infusion of lentivirus-expressing mTOR-shRNA into the shell region of the nucleus accumbens inhibited the induction of behavioral sensitization to METH, which was comparable to the effect of rapamycin. These results suggest that mTORC1-mediated signaling in the nucleus accumbens mediates the development of behavioral sensitization to METH.
•mTORC1 signaling in the nucleus accumbens mediates the development of behavioral sensitization to methamphetamine.•Co-administration of mTOR inhibitor rapamycin and methamphetamine suppresses the development of behavioral sensitization.•Rapamycin treatment reduces the number of dendritic spines in the nucleus accumbens in methamphetamine-sensitized mice.
Cluster down-the-hole (DTH) hammers are often used in large-diameter hard rock drilling operations. Due to complex rock formation conditions, cluster DTH hammers cannot adjust the working airflow in ...time according to rock formation conditions, resulting in frequent damage to cluster DTH hammers and low work efficiency. Aiming at this problem, this paper proposes an airflow adjustment mechanism as a solution. In this paper, the operation stability and airflow adjustment characteristics of the adjustment mechanism are studied. The impact characteristics and driving force variation characteristics of the adjustment mechanism under different speeds and loading modes are analyzed, and the results show that the movement impact of the adjustment mechanism increases with the increase of the movement speed of the driving actuator under the same loading mode. With the increase of the eccentric load, the critical movement speed of the driving actuator decreases when the adjustment mechanism moves without impact. The test verifies the synchronization characteristics of the adjustment mechanism under different load modes and different control valves. The results show that, under the condition of uniform load, the synchronization accuracy of the dividing/focusing valve and the proportional valve is good. With the increase of the eccentric load difference, the synchronization performance of the dividing/focusing valve becomes worse, and the average error increases. The test results in this paper are of great significance for guiding the engineering design of cluster DTH hammers.
Glutathione reductase (GR) is one of important antioxidant enzymes in plants. This enzyme catalyzes the reduction of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH) with the accompanying ...oxidation of NADPH. Previously, we showed that salt-stress-responsive GR3 is a functional protein localized in chloroplasts and mitochondria in rice. To learn more about the role of GR3 in salt-stress tolerance, we investigated the response to 100 mM NaCl treatment in wild-type rice (WT); GR3 knockout mutant of rice (
gr3
); and the functional
gr3
-complementation line (C1). Rice
GR3
was primarily expressed in roots at the seedling stage and ubiquitously expressed in all tissues except the sheath at heading stage.
GR3
promoter-
GUS
was expressed in the vascular cylinder and cortex of root tissues in rice seedlings, vascular tissue of nodes, embryo and aleurone layer of seeds, and young flowers. Under both normal and salt-stress conditions, total GR activity was decreased by 20 % in
gr3
. Oxidative stress, indicated by malondialdehyde content, was greater in
gr3
than the WT under salt stress. As compared with the WT,
gr3
was sensitive to salt and methyl viologen; it showed inhibited growth, decreased maximal efficiency of photosystem II, decreased GSH and GSSG contents, and the ratio of GSH to GSSG. Conversely, the
gr3
-complementation line C1 rescued the tolerance to methyl viologen and salinity and recovered the growth and physiological damage caused by salinity. These results reveal that GR3 plays an important role in salt stress tolerance by regulating the GSH redox state in rice.
Information reconciliation (IR) corrects the errors in sifted keys and ensures the correctness of quantum key distribution (QKD) systems. Polar codes-based IR schemes can achieve high reconciliation ...efficiency; however, the incidental high frame error rate decreases the secure key rate of QKD systems. In this article, we propose a Shannon-limit approached (SLA) IR scheme, which mainly contains two phases: the forward reconciliation phase and the acknowledgment reconciliation phase. In the forward reconciliation phase, the sifted key is divided into sub-blocks and performed with the improved block checked successive cancellation list decoder of polar codes. Afterward, only the failure corrected sub-blocks perform the additional acknowledgment reconciliation phase, which decreases the frame error rate of the SLA IR scheme. The experimental results show that the overall failure probability of SLA IR scheme is decreased to
10
-
8
and the efficiency is improved to 1.091 with the IR block length of 128 Mb. Furthermore, the efficiency of the proposed SLA IR scheme is 1.055, approached to Shannon limit, when the quantum bit error rate is 0.02 and the input scale of 1 Gb, which is hundred times larger than the state-of-the-art implemented polar codes-based IR schemes.
Invasion is the most prominent lethal feature of malignant cancer. However, how cell proliferation, another important feature of tumor development, is integrated with tumor invasion and the ...subsequent cell dissemination from primary tumors is not well understood. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is essential for DNA replication in cancer cells. Loss of phosphorylation at tyrosine 211 (Y211) in PCNA (pY211-PCNA) mitigates PCNA function in proliferation, triggers replication fork arrest/collapse, which in turn sets off an anti-tumor inflammatory response, and suppresses distant metastasis. Here, we show that pY211-PCNA is important in stromal activation in tumor tissues. Loss of the phosphorylation resulted in reduced expression of mesenchymal proteins as well as tumor progenitor markers, and of the ability of invasion. Spontaneous mammary tumors that developed in mice lacking Y211 phosphorylation contained fewer tumor-initiating cells compared to tumors in wild-type mice. Our study demonstrates a novel function of PCNA as an essential factor for maintaining cancer stemness through Y211 phosphorylation.
The central nervous system regulates all aspects of physiology to some extent. Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) lead to the progressive loss and dysfunction of neurons, which are particularly ...evident in Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and many other conditions. NDDs are multifactorial diseases with complex pathogeneses, and there has been a rapid increase in the prevalence of NDDs. However, none of these diseases can be cured, making the development of novel treatment strategies an urgent necessity. Numerous studies have indicated how pyroptosis induces inflammation and affects many aspects of NDD. Therefore, components related to pyroptosis are potential therapeutic candidates and are attracting increasing attention. Here, we review the role of pyroptosis in the pathogenesis of NDDs and potential treatment options. Additionally, several of the current drugs and relevant inhibitors are discussed. Through this article, we provide theoretical support for exploring new therapeutic targets and updating clinical treatment strategies for NDDs. Notably, pyroptosis, a recently widely studied mode of cell death, is still under-researched compared to other traditional forms of cell death. Moreover, the focus of research has been on the onset and progression of NDDs, and the lack of organ-specific target discovery and drug development is a common problem for many basic studies. This urgent problem requires scientists and companies worldwide to collaborate in order to develop more effective drugs against NDDs.
Graphical abstract
AIM To explore the mechanism by which micro RNA-155(miR-155) regulates the pathogenesis of experimental colitis.METHODS A luciferase assay was performed to confirm the binding of miR-155 to the ...SHIP-1 3’-UTR. MiR-155 mimics, negative controls and SHIP-1 expression/knockdown vectors were established and then utilized in gain-and loss-of-function studies performed in raw264.7 cells and primary bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Thereafter, dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis mouse model with or without antagomiR-155 treatment was established, and the levels of miR-155 and SHIP-1, as well as the pro-inflammatory capabilities, were measured by western blot, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemistry.RESULTS MiR-155 directly bound to the 3’-UTR of SHIP-1 mRNA and induced a significant decrease in SHIP-1 expression in both raw264.7 cells and primary BMDMs. MiR-155 markedly promoted cell proliferation and proinflammatory secretions including IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IFN-γ, whereas these effects could be reversed by the restoration of SHIP-1 expression. In vivo studies showed that antagomiR-155 administration could alleviate DSS-induced intestinal inflammation in Balb/c mice. Moreover, significantly increased SHIP-1 expression, as well as decreased Akt activation and inflammatory response, were observed in the antagomiR-155-treated mice.CONCLUSION MiR-155 promotes experimental colitis by repressing SHIP-1 expression. Thus, the inhibition of miR-155 might be a promising strategy for therapy.
In the present study, we aimed to characterize gut microbiome and develop a gut microbiome-based diagnostic model in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Prospectively, we collected 309 fecal ...samples from Central China and Northwest China and carried out the sequencing of the V3–V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene. The gut microbiome was characterized, and microbial biomarkers were identified in 152 CAD patients and 105 healthy controls (Xinjiang cohort, n = 257). Using the biomarkers, we constructed a diagnostic model and validated it externally in 34 CAD patients and 18 healthy controls (Zhengzhou cohort, n = 52). Fecal microbial diversity was increased in CAD patients compared to that in healthy controls (P = 0.021). Phylum Bacteroidetes was increased in CAD patients versus healthy controls (P = 0.001). Correspondingly, 48 microbial markers were identified through a 10-fold cross-validation on a random forest model, and an area under the curve (AUC) of 87.7% (95% CI: 0.832 to 0.916, P < 0.001) was achieved in the Xinjiang cohort (development cohort, n = 257). Notably, an AUC of 90.4% (95% CI: 0.848 to 0.928, P < 0.001) was achieved using combined analysis of gut microbial markers and clinical variables. This model provided a robust tool for the prediction of CAD. It could be widely employed to complement the clinical assessment and prevention of CAD.
The ongoing global pandemic of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) caused by the SARS-CoV-2 has a significant impact on global health and economy system. In this context, there have been some ...landmark advances in vaccine development. Over 100 new coronavirus vaccine candidates have been approved for clinical trials, with ten WHO-approved vaccines including four inactivated virus vaccines, two mRNA vaccines, three recombinant viral vectored vaccines and one protein subunit vaccine on the “Emergency Use Listing”. Although the SARS-CoV-2 has an internal proofreading mechanism, there have been a number of mutations emerged in the pandemic affecting its transmissibility, pathogenicity and immunogenicity. Of these, mutations in the spike (S) protein and the resultant mutant variants have posed new challenges for vaccine development and application. In this review article, we present an overview of vaccine development, the prevalence of new coronavirus variants and their impact on protective efficacy of existing vaccines and possible immunization strategies coping with the viral mutation and diversity.
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