Abstract
The ship turning motion can reflect the turning characteristics of the ship and is closely related to the navigation safety of the ship. In the turning performance test, the trajectory drawn ...by the center of gravity of the ship is called the turning circle. The turning circle is an important indicator to characterize the turning performance of a ship. At present, the results of ship turning obtained by numerical calculations are still very different from the test ones. In this paper, the free turning motion of a container ship is simulated by a commercial software which is called STARCCM+. In order to reduce the amount of calculation, a body-force propeller model is adopted to replace the real propeller. Through the global solution of the fully viscous flow field, the characteristic parameters and the motion track of the ship turning motion can be gotten. The ship’s motion trajectory and the parameters of the turning motion obtained by numerical prediction are in good agreement with the test values, which fully proves the applicability and reliability of the proposed method in numerical prediction.
Abstract
With the development of International shipping, waterways all over the world are becoming increasingly crowded. Research on inertia stopping ability of large ships is essential to voyage ...safety. At present, the inertial stopping of ship is mainly measured by ship model test, and there is little work to study the performance using CFD technology. STARCCM+based on the ship 6-DOF motion and overset grid technology and body-force method are used to numerically simulate the inertia stopping maneuver of a very large gas carrier. By controlling the rotation speed of the propeller, the ship is in a stable state of motion. Then set the speed to zero.The motion state and detailed flow field information of the ship model during motion can be got by solving viscous flow field. To verify the accuracy of numerical prediction results, ship model test is launched. Both the trajectory of the ship and the value of the characteristic parameter match very well.
Abstract
The course change quality is a crucial measure of ships’ maneuverability and is closely related to the ship navigation safety. Research on zig-zag motion of ships is essential to voyage ...safety. STARCCM+ based on the ship 6-DOF motion and overset grid technology are used to numerically simulate the zig-zag maneuver of an oil tanker. To simulate the zig-zag motion, a body-force propeller model is adopted instead of the real propeller. The rotation speed of virtual propeller is controlled to achieve the steady self-propulsion state of the ship model and then the rudder turns from 10° to -10° according to the orientation of the ship model. By solving viscous flow field, the motion state and detailed flow field information of the ship model are presented. To verify the accuracy of numerical prediction results, ship model test is launched. Through comparison of results, the numerical simulation can provide reference for preliminary assessment for the course change quality of ships.
Induction of tumor vascular normalization is a crucial measure to enhance immunotherapy efficacy. cGAS-STING pathway is vital for anti-tumor immunity, but its role in tumor vasculature is unclear. ...Herein, using preclinical liver cancer models in Cgas/Sting-deficient male mice, we report that the interdependence between tumor cGAS and host STING mediates vascular normalization and anti-tumor immune response. Mechanistically, TET2 mediated IL-2/STAT5A signaling epigenetically upregulates tumor cGAS expression and produces cGAMP. Subsequently, cGAMP is transported via LRRC8C channels to activate STING in endothelial cells, enhancing recruitment and transendothelial migration of lymphocytes. In vivo studies in male mice also reveal that administration of vitamin C, a promising anti-cancer agent, stimulates TET2 activity, induces tumor vascular normalization and enhances the efficacy of anti-PD-L1 therapy alone or in combination with IL-2. Our findings elucidate a crosstalk between tumor and vascular endothelial cells in the tumor immune microenvironment, providing strategies to enhance the efficacy of combinational immunotherapy for liver cancer.
Background Lung cancer, one of the most common malignant tumors, exhibits high inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity which contributes significantly to treatment resistance and failure. Single-cell ...RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has been widely used to dissect the cellular composition and characterize the molecular properties of cancer cells and their tumor microenvironment in lung cancer. However, the transcriptomic heterogeneity among various cancer cells in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) warrants further illustration. Methods To comprehensively analyze the molecular heterogeneity of NSCLC, we performed high-precision single-cell RNA-seq analyses on 7364 individual cells from tumor tissues and matched normal tissues from 19 primary lung cancer patients and 1 pulmonary chondroid hamartoma patient. Results In 6 of 16 patients sequenced, we identified a significant proportion of cancer cells simultaneously expressing classical marker genes for two or even three histologic subtypes of NSCLC--adenocarcinoma (ADC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and neuroendocrine tumor (NET) in the same individual cell, which we defined as mixed-lineage tumor cells; this was verified by both co-immunostaining and RNA in situ hybridization. These data suggest that mixed-lineage tumor cells are highly plastic with mixed features of different types of NSCLC. Both copy number variation (CNV) patterns and mitochondrial mutations clearly showed that the mixed-lineage and single-lineage tumor cells from the same patient had common tumor ancestors rather than different origins. Moreover, we revealed that patients with high mixed-lineage features of different cancer subtypes had worse survival than patients with low mixed-lineage features, indicating that mixed-lineage tumor features were associated with poorer prognosis. In addition, gene signatures specific to mixed-lineage tumor cells were identified, including AKR1B1. Gene knockdown and small molecule inhibition of AKR1B1 can significantly decrease cell proliferation and promote cell apoptosis, suggesting that AKR1B1 plays an important role in tumorigenesis and can serve as a candidate target for tumor therapy of NSCLC patients with mixed-lineage tumor features. Conclusions In summary, our work provides novel insights into the tumor heterogeneity of NSCLC in terms of the identification of prevalent mixed-lineage subpopulations of cancer cells with combined signatures of SCC, ADC, and NET and offers clues for potential treatment strategies in these patients. Keywords: Single-cell RNA sequencing, Non-small cell lung cancer, Mixed-lineage cancer cells, Tumor heterogeneity
Crosstalk between cancer cells and the immune microenvironment is determinant for liver cancer progression. A tumor subpopulation called liver cancer stem cells (CSCs) significantly accounts for the ...initiation, metastasis, therapeutic resistance, and recurrence of liver cancer. Emerging evidence demonstrates that the interaction between liver CSCs and immune cells plays a crucial role in shaping an immunosuppressive microenvironment and determining immunotherapy responses. This review sheds light on the bidirectional crosstalk between liver CSCs and immune cells for liver cancer progression, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms after presenting an overview of liver CSCs characteristic and their microenvironment. Finally, we discuss the potential application of liver CSCs-targeted immunotherapy for liver cancer treatment.
Background. Abdominoperineal resection (APR) has been the standard surgery for ultra-low rectal cancer for a century. In recent years, intersphincteric resection (ISR) has been increasingly used to ...avoid the permanent colostomy. Up to now, there is no relevant meta-analysis comparing the clinical efficacy of ISR and APR. This meta-analysis aimed to compare the outcomes of these 2 procedures. Methods. A comprehensive search of online databases was performed on PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library to obtain comparative studies of ISR and APR. Then the data from studies that met the inclusion criteria were extracted and analyzed. Results. A total of 12 studies covering 2438 patients were included. No significant differences were found between ISR and APR in gender, body mass index, distance from tumor to anal edge, operative time, and blood loss. In addition, hospital stay (weighted mean differences = −2.98 days; 95% confidence interval CI = −3.54 to −2.43; P < .00001) and postoperative morbidity (odds ratio OR = 0.76; 95% CI = 0.59 to 0.99; P = .04) were significantly lower in ISR group compared with APR group. However, patients who underwent ISR showed lower pathological T-stage (T3T4%, OR = 0.49; 95% CI = 0.28 to 0.86; P = .01) and lymph node metastasis rate (OR = 0.77; 95% CI = 0.59 to 1.01; P = .06) compared with those who underwent APR. Moreover, oncological outcomes were similar between the 2 groups. Conclusion. ISR may provide a safe alternative to APR, with shorter hospital stays, lower postoperative morbidity, and similar oncological outcomes. Well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm and update the findings of this analysis.
In recent years, more and more prominent urban flooding problems on campus drainage system planning and design put forward higher requirements. Sudden rainfall can have multiple negative impacts on ...campuses, but it is also an excellent opportunity to utilize rainwater resources. At present, the peak flow rate of urban drainage system in China is still mainly calculated by the inference formula method, and the design return period of municipal drainage system is also low, which may lead to campus flooding in case of large rainstorms. In this paper, using the Stormwater Flood Management Model (SWMM) as a platform, the Central China Normal University (CCNU) was selected to simulate the summer stormwater runoff process, and three different combinations of low-impact development (LID) facilities were applied to the campus stormwater runoff control, and the control effects of the different combinations on the flood peak flow abatement were compared. The results show that the selected LID deployment scheme is better than the single facility control effect. Finally, based on the results of the study, a technical solution for rainwater collection and reuse based on sponge campus was proposed to renovate and design the campus landscape of Central China Normal University. The economic, social and environmental benefits are significant and can provide a reference for rainwater collection on other campuses.
In the immune system, the detection of pathogens through various mechanisms triggers immune responses. Several types of specific programmed cell deaths play a role in the inflammatory reaction. This ...study emphasizes the inflammatory response induced by Actinomycetes. Actinomyces spp. are resident bacteria in human oral plaque and often serve as a bridge for pathogenic bacteria, which lack affinity to the tooth surface, aiding their colonization of the plaque. We aim to investigate the potential role of Actinomyces oris in the early stages of oral diseases from a new perspective. Actinomyces oris MG-1 (A. oris) was chosen for this research. Differentiated THP-1 (dTHP-1) cells were transiently treated with A. oris to model the inflammatory reaction. Cell viability, as well as relative gene and protein expression levels of dTHP-1 cells, were assessed using CCK-8, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Western blot assay. The treatment decreased cell viability and increased the expression of inflammatory genes such as IL-1R1 and NLRP3. It was also observed to significantly enhance the release of IL-1β/IL-18 into the supernatant. Immunoblot analysis revealed a notable increase in the expression of N-gasdermin D persisting up to 24 h. Conversely, in models pre-treated with TLR2 inhibitors, N-gasdermin D was detectable only 12 h post-treatment and absent at 24 h. These results suggest that Actinomyces oris MG-1 induces pyroptosis in dTHP-1 cells via TLR2, but the process is not solely dependent on TLR2.
•This study explores Actinomyces oris's role in early-stage oral diseases, focusing on its inflammatory impact.•A. oris treatment in THP-1 cells decreased cell viability and increased inflammatory gene expression.•The research found a significant increase in IL-1β/-18 release and N-GSDMD expression in dTHP-1 cells post A. oris treatment.
This study aims toward the application of composite phase-change material (CPCM) in electric vehicles, which suffers from leakage, high rigidity, and low thermal conductivity. In this study, a novel ...flexible composite phase-change material (CPCM) with high thermal conductivity and low leakage has been proposed, presented, and utilized in a battery module. Among these, polyethylene glycol (PEG), as a phase-change component, styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) as support material, and ethylene–propylene–diene monomer (EPDM) as assisted packaging material could greatly enhance the flexibility and deformability of CPCM. Besides, boron nitride (BN) was adopted to enhance the heat-dissipating capacity and reduce the temperature difference in the module. In addition, compared with other cooling methods, the battery module with compact and efficient advantages are analyzed at different discharge rates. The results revealed that the flexible CPCM was controlled below 44.8°C, and the temperature difference was maintained within 5.6°C at 3C discharge rate. Even during the charge–discharge cycles, it displayed lower temperature fluctuation within the acceptable range. These outstanding shape recovery and antileakage performances of BN-based flexible CPCM would provide insights into battery modules with desirable assembly methods and process flexibility.
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