Understanding location-specific travel modes and acceptable travel time to primary healthcare institutions across large regions is important for measuring accessibility and allocation of health ...resources. However, few studies have either focused on such analysis or provided efficient methods.
We developed a framework to understand the diversity of travel modes and acceptable travel time across large regions and chose Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China as the study region. Information on health-seeking travel behaviors to primary healthcare institutions was collected using a simple online questionnaire, based on which, Bayesian statistical models were developed and high-resolution maps for travel mode selection and acceptable travel time were produced.
Age, gender, occupation, travel time to the nearest urban center, and nighttime light had significant associations with the choice of travel modes. And age, gender, occupation, travel mode, and nighttime light showed significant relationships with levels of the acceptance of travel time. The proportions of travel modes and levels of acceptable travel time show heterogeneous across the study region. Most people chose to walk or travel by bus, with population weighted average proportions 40.59% and 21.11% across the study region, and people in the southeastern part were less tolerable for longer travel time than those in other regions.
This study provided a framework to estimate travel modes and acceptable travel time across large regions. The outcomes can provide important information on the assessment of accessibility to primary healthcare services and health resource allocation in Inner Mongolia.
•We developed a framework to map travel modes and acceptable travel time to primary healthcare institutions in large regions.•Several factors were identified significantly associated with the choice of travel modes and the acceptable travel time.•High-resolution maps for travel mode selection and acceptable travel time in Inner Mongolia were produced.
To clone and encode Drosophila selenoprotein D-SelK structure gene, express it in E.coli efficiently, and after purification, to generate its antibody in rabbits.
D-SelK gene segment amplified from ...pGM-T-D-SelK plasmid by PCR was inserted into pGEX-6p-1 to construct recombinant plasmid pGEX-6p-1-D-SelK. The recombinant plasmid was transfected into E.coli BL21(DE3) to express the recombinant protein D-SelK in E.coli under IPTG induction. The protein was purified by denaturation and electrophoresis, and then identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. Polyclonal antibody to D-SelK was obtained by immunizing rabbits with the protein. Quality and quantity of the antibody was examined.
D-SelK gene segment was successfully inserted into pGEX-6p-1 and the positive clones of the recombinant plasmid was identified by PCR screening and restriction endonuclease analysis. The target protein was effectively expressed in E.coli by the IPTG induction. Through immunizing rabbits with the purified target protein, we obtained
To study the rate of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroconversion, HIV transmission and related risk factors among injecting drug users (IDUs) in an area of Sichuan province.
In November 2002, a ...community-based baseline survey was conducted to recruit 333 HIV-seronegative IDUs for a prospective cohort study in Xichang county of Sichuan province, China. Follow-up visits were carried out every 6 months to study the situation of drug use, sexual behaviors of the IDUs and blood specimens were collected to test for antibodies against HIV and syphilis.
During a 24-month follow-up period, cohort retention rate and HIV incidence were 75.7% and 2.53 per 100 person-years 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10-3.97), respectively. Multivariate Poisson regression model showed that risk factors which were significantly associated with HIV seroconversion would include: ethnicity (RR = 12.42; 95% CI: 2.72-56.74, P = 0.0012) and needle or syringe sharing in the past 3 months (RR = 4.06; 95% CI: 1.29-12.81, P = 0.0168). Sy
A novel catalyst was prepared by loading nickel on Shenli lignite char via ion-exchange. The results show that the nickel crystallite size (NCS) and specific surface area (SSA) of the catalyst ...significantly depended on solution pH and carbonization temperature. The catalyst prepared in pH11 at 650°C reached the maximum SSA of 236.3m2/g and the nickel particles dispersed quite well in the catalyst with a NCS of 5.6nm. The catalyst was used for corncob volatiles reforming in a two-stage fixed-bed reactor to study the effects of temperature, steam, and space velocity on gas yields and carbon distributions. It effectively improved tar decomposition at 650°C under inert atmosphere and produced a tar-free syngas in a yield of 43.9mmol/g, which is higher than that over a commercial Ni/Al2O3. The increase of the NCS during catalytic reforming above 650°C leads to the catalyst deactivation for tar decomposition. The study revealed the possibility of using Ni/char as a potential catalyst for low-temperature gasification of biomass.
•Preparation and characterization of a novel Ni/char catalyst via ion-exchange•NCS and SSA of the Ni/SLC depended on pH and carbonization temperature.•Catalytic reforming of volatiles from corncob pyrolysis under Ni/SLC•Ni/SLC is active for corncob tar decomposition at 650°C under inert atmosphere.•The increase in NCS above 650°C causes the deactivation of Ni/SLC.
Parapharyngeal metastases (PPM) are rarely observed in patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancer (WDTC). Radioiodine (
I) therapy has been the main treatment for metastatic and recurrent DTC ...after thyroidectomy. This study was performed to evaluate the clinicopathological features and long-term outcomes associated with survival of patients with PPM at the end of follow-up.
In total, 14,984 consecutive patients with DTC who underwent
I therapy after total or near-total thyroidectomy from 2004 to 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Therapeutic efficacy was evaluated using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours v1.1 and logistic regression analysis. The disease status was determined using dynamic risk stratification. Disease-specific survival (DSS) was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method and a Cox proportional hazards model.
Seventy-five patients with PPM from WDTC were enroled in this study. Their median age at the initial diagnosis of PPM was 40.2 ± 14.1 years, and the patients comprised 32 men and 43 women (male:female ratio, 1.00:1.34). Of the 75 patients, 43 (57.33%) presented with combined distant metastases. Fifty-seven (76.00%) patients had
I avidity and 18 had non-
I avidity. At the end of follow-up, 22 (29.33%) patients showed progressive disease. Sixteen of the 75 patients died; of the remaining 59 patients, 6 (8.00%) had an excellent response, 6 (8.00%) had an indeterminate response, 10 (13.33%) had an biochemical incomplete response, and 37 (49.33%) had a structural incomplete response. Multivariate analysis confirmed that age at initial PPM diagnosis, the maximal size of PPM, and
I avidity had significant effects on progressive disease of PPM lesions (p = .03, p= .02, and p < .01, respectively). The 5- and 10-year DSS rates were 98.49% and 62.10%, respectively. Age of ≥55 years at initial diagnosis of PPM and the presence of concomitant distant metastasis were independently associated with a poor prognosis (p = .03 and p = .04, respectively).
The therapeutic effect for PPM was closely associated with
I avidity, age at initial PPM diagnosis, and maximal size of PPM at the end of follow-up. Age of ≥55 years at initial diagnosis of PPM and the presence of concomitant distant metastasis were independently associated with poor survival.
Objective
Parapharyngeal metastases (PPM) are rarely observed in patients with well‐differentiated thyroid cancer (WDTC). Radioiodine (131I) therapy has been the main treatment for metastatic and ...recurrent DTC after thyroidectomy. This study was performed to evaluate the clinicopathological features and long‐term outcomes associated with survival of patients with PPM at the end of follow‐up.
Design
In total, 14,984 consecutive patients with DTC who underwent 131I therapy after total or near‐total thyroidectomy from 2004 to 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Therapeutic efficacy was evaluated using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours v1.1 and logistic regression analysis. The disease status was determined using dynamic risk stratification. Disease‐specific survival (DSS) was assessed using the Kaplan–Meier method and a Cox proportional hazards model.
Patients
Seventy‐five patients with PPM from WDTC were enroled in this study. Their median age at the initial diagnosis of PPM was 40.2 ± 14.1 years, and the patients comprised 32 men and 43 women (male:female ratio, 1.00:1.34). Of the 75 patients, 43 (57.33%) presented with combined distant metastases. Fifty‐seven (76.00%) patients had 131I avidity and 18 had non‐131I avidity. At the end of follow‐up, 22 (29.33%) patients showed progressive disease. Sixteen of the 75 patients died; of the remaining 59 patients, 6 (8.00%) had an excellent response, 6 (8.00%) had an indeterminate response, 10 (13.33%) had an biochemical incomplete response, and 37 (49.33%) had a structural incomplete response. Multivariate analysis confirmed that age at initial PPM diagnosis, the maximal size of PPM, and 131I avidity had significant effects on progressive disease of PPM lesions (p = .03, p= .02, and p < .01, respectively). The 5‐ and 10‐year DSS rates were 98.49% and 62.10%, respectively. Age of ≥55 years at initial diagnosis of PPM and the presence of concomitant distant metastasis were independently associated with a poor prognosis (p = .03 and p = .04, respectively).
Conclusion
The therapeutic effect for PPM was closely associated with 131I avidity, age at initial PPM diagnosis, and maximal size of PPM at the end of follow‐up. Age of ≥55 years at initial diagnosis of PPM and the presence of concomitant distant metastasis were independently associated with poor survival.
Abstract In our previous study, we reported a series of N ‐(9,10‐anthraquinone‐2‐carbonyl) amino acid derivatives as novel inhibitors of xanthine oxidase (XO). Recognizing the suboptimal drug‐like ...properties associated with the anthraquinone moiety, we embarked on a nonanthraquinone medicinal chemistry exploration in the current investigation. Through systematic structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies, we identified a series of 4‐(isopentyloxy)‐3‐nitrobenzamide derivatives exhibiting excellent in vitro potency against XO. The optimized compound, 4‐isopentyloxy‐ N ‐(1 H ‐pyrazol‐3‐yl)‐3‐nitrobenzamide ( 6k ), demonstrated exceptional in vitro potency with an IC 50 value of 0.13 μM. Compound 6k showed favorable drug‐like characteristics with ligand efficiency (LE) and lipophilic ligand efficiency (LLE) values of 0.41 and 3.73, respectively. In comparison to the initial compound 1d , 6k exhibited a substantial 24‐fold improvement in IC 50 , along with a 1.6‐fold enhancement in LE and a 3.7‐fold increase in LLE. Molecular modeling studies provided insights into the strong interactions of 6k with critical amino acid residues within the active site. Furthermore, in vivo hypouricemic investigations convincingly demonstrated that 6k significantly reduced serum uric acid levels in rats. The MTT results revealed that compound 6k is nontoxic to healthy cells. The gastric and intestinal stability assay demonstrated that compound 6k exhibits good stability in the gastric and intestinal environments. In conclusion, compound 6k emerges as a promising lead compound, showcasing both exceptional in vitro potency and favorable drug‐like characteristics, thereby warranting further exploration.
Twenty N-(benzyloxy)-1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide derivatives have been designed and synthesized as MEK inhibitors, compound 7b showed the most potent inhibitory activity with IC50 of 91nM ...for MEK1 and GI50 value of 0.26μM for A549 cells. Display omitted
Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction pathway has been proved to play an important role in tumorigenesis and cancer development. MEK inhibitor has been demonstrated significant clinical benefit for blocking MAPK pathway activation and possibly could block reactivation of the MAPK pathway at the time of BRAF inhibitor resistance. Twenty N-(benzyloxy)-1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide derivatives have been designed and synthesized as MEK inhibitors, and their biological activities were evaluated. Among these compounds, compound 7b showed the most potent inhibitory activity with IC50 of 91nM for MEK1 and GI50 value of 0.26μM for A549 cells. The SAR analysis and docking simulation were performed to provide crucial pharmacophore clues that could be used in further structure optimization.
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