To secure phosphorus (P) from soil, most land plants use a direct phosphate uptake pathway via root hairs and epidermis and an indirect phosphate uptake pathway via mycorrhizal symbiosis. The ...interaction between these two pathways is unclear. Here, we mapped a network between transcription factors and mycorrhizal symbiosis-related genes using Y1H. Intriguingly, this gene regulatory network is governed by the conserved P-sensing pathway, centered on phosphate starvation response (PHR) transcription factors. PHRs are required for mycorrhizal symbiosis and regulate symbiosis-related genes via the P1BS motif. SPX-domain proteins suppress OsPHR2-mediated induction of symbiosis-related genes and inhibit mycorrhizal infection. In contrast, plants overexpressing OsPHR2 show improved mycorrhizal infection and are partially resistant to P-mediated inhibition of symbiosis. Functional analyses of network nodes revealed co-regulation of hormonal signaling and mycorrhizal symbiosis. This network deciphers extensive regulation of mycorrhizal symbiosis by endogenous and exogenous signals and highlights co-option of the P-sensing pathway for mycorrhizal symbiosis.
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•A new map of the rice mycorrhizal symbiosis transcriptional regulatory network•PHR-centered network controls arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis•Phosphate regulates mycorrhizal symbiosis via the SPX-PHR-centered network•Co-option of the conserved P-sensing pathway for mycorrhizal symbiosis
An interconnected network of 266 transcription factors and promoters of 47 mycorrhiza-related genes highlights a PHR-centered arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis transcriptional regulatory network in rice, which connects the indirect mycorrhizal phosphate uptake pathway with the direct phosphate uptake pathway.
Independent of tumor type and non‐invasive or minimally‐invasive feature, current physical treatments including ultrasound therapy, microwave ablation (MWA), and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) are ...widely used as the local treatment methods in clinics for directly killing tumors and activating systematic immune responses. However, the activated immune responses are inadequate and incompetent for tumor recession, and the incomplete thermal ablation even aggravates the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (ITM), resulting in the intractable tumor recurrence and metastasis. Intriguingly, nanomedicine provides a powerful platform as they can elevate energy utilization efficiency and augment oncolytic effects for mitigating ITM and potentiating the systematic immune responses. Especially after combining with clinical immunotherapy, the anti‐tumor killing effect by activating or enhancing the human anti‐tumor immune system is reached, enabling the effective prevention against tumor recurrence and metastasis. This review systematically introduces the cutting‐edge progress and direction of nanobiotechnologies and their corresponding nanomaterials. Moreover, the enhanced physical treatment efficiency against tumor progression, relapse, and metastasis via activating or potentiating the autologous immunity or combining with exogenous immunotherapeutic agents is exemplified, and their rationales are analyzed. This review offers general guidance or directions to enhance clinical physical treatment from the perspectives of immunity activation or magnification.
Nanomedicine‐enhanced physical therapy (e.g., SDT, HIFU, RFA, and MWA) can stimulate and induce robust anti‐tumor immune responses in vivo to a certain extent. Especially when combining with immunotherapy drugs, it shows a considerably‐enhanced anti‐tumor effect which can not only treat primary tumors but also effectively repress metastatic tumors, thus holding great potential in tumor prevention.
Abstract
Background
Ubiquitination is essential for many cellular processes in eukaryotes, including 26S proteasome-dependent protein degradation, cell cycle progression, transcriptional regulation, ...and signal transduction. Although numerous ubiquitinated proteins have been empirically identified, their cognate ubiquitin E3 ligases remain largely unknown.
Results
Here, we generate a complete ubiquitin E3 ligase-encoding open reading frames (UbE3-ORFeome) library containing 98.94% of the 1515 E3 ligase genes in the rice (
Oryza sativa
L
.
) genome. In the test screens with four known ubiquitinated proteins, we identify both known and new E3s. The interaction and degradation between several E3s and their substrates are confirmed in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we identify the F-box E3 ligase OsFBK16 as a hub-interacting protein of the phenylalanine ammonia lyase family OsPAL1–OsPAL7. We demonstrate that OsFBK16 promotes the degradation of OsPAL1, OsPAL5, and OsPAL6. Remarkably, we find that overexpression of
OsPAL1
or
OsPAL6
as well as loss-of-function of
OsFBK16
in rice displayed enhanced blast resistance, indicating that OsFBK16 degrades OsPALs to negatively regulate rice immunity.
Conclusions
The rice UbE3-ORFeome is the first complete E3 ligase library in plants and represents a powerful proteomic resource for rapid identification of the cognate E3 ligases of ubiquitinated proteins and establishment of functional E3–substrate interactome in plants.
Infection is the main cause of death for patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However, pathogen profiles still have not been reported in detail due to their ...heterogeneity caused by geographic region.
To evaluate the performance of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) and summarize regional pathogen profiles of infected patients after HSCT.
From February 2021 to August 2022, 64 patients, admitted to the Department of Hematology of The First Hospital of Jilin University for HSCT and diagnosed as suspected infections, were retrospectively enrolled.
A total of 38 patients were diagnosed as having infections, including bloodstream (
=17), pulmonary (
=16), central nervous system (CNS) (
=4), and chest (
=1) infections. Human betaherpesvirus 5 (CMV) was the most common pathogen in both bloodstream (
=10) and pulmonary (
=8) infections, while CNS (
=2) and chest (
=1) infections were mainly caused by Human gammaherpesvirus 4 (EBV). For bloodstream infection,
complex (
=3),
(
=1), and
(
=1) were also diagnosed as causative pathogens. Furthermore, mNGS combined with conventional tests can identify more causative pathogens with high sensitivity of 82.9% (95% CI 70.4-95.3%), and the total coincidence rate can reach up to 76.7% (95% CI 64.1-89.4%).
Our findings emphasized the importance of mNGS in diagnosing, managing, and ruling out infections, and an era of more rapid, independent, and impartial diagnosis of infections after HSCT can be expected.
Heterosis is an important biological phenomenon and widely applied in agriculture. Although many studies have been performed by using vegetative organs of F1 hybrid plants, how heterosis (or hybrid ...vigor) is initiated and formed, particularly the underlying molecular mechanism, remain elusive. Hybrid contemporary seeds of rice indica varieties 9311 and PA64 were innovatively used and analysis of DNA methylome of embryo and endosperm at early developing stages revealed the globally decreased DNA methylation. Genes, especially those relate to hormones function and transcriptional regulation present non-additive methylation. Previously identified heterosis-related superior genes are non-additively methylated in early developing hybrid contemporary seeds, suggesting that key genes/loci responsible for heterosis are epigenetically modified even in early developing hybrid seeds and hypomethylation of hybrid seeds after cross-pollination finally result in the long-term transcriptional change of F1 hybrid vegetative tissues after germination, demonstrating that altered DNA methylation in hybrid seeds is essential for initiation regulation and maintenance of heterosis exhibiting in F1 hybrid plants. Notably, a large number of genes show non-additive methylation in the endosperm of reciprocal hybrids, suggesting that endosperm might also contribute to heterosis.
Claustrophobia is a psychological disease. It is estimated to occur in 2.1-14.3% of all magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations. Mindfulness decompression is an effective means to treat and ...reduce fear and anxiety. There is a rare report on the application of mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy in the magnetic resonance examinations of patients with claustrophobia to date.
The purpose of this study is to explore the intervention effect of mindfulness respiratory decompression therapy on the MRI inspection of patients with claustrophobia.
A total of 86 patients with claustrophobia requiring MRI in our hospital from January 2018 to December 2020 were divided into two groups. The control group was given routine psychological nursing, and the observation group was given a mindfulness breathing technique on the basis of the control group. Before and after the intervention, we compared the intervention effect, satisfaction with nurses' psychological intervention technique, severe autonomic nervous symptoms during the examination, self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) scores, and profile of mood states revised (POMS-R) scores.
The total effective rate of intervention in the observation group was 90.90%, which was significantly higher (
= 6.857,
= 0.00004) than that in the control group (26.19%). Severe autonomic nervous symptoms in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (
< 0.05). After the intervention, SAS scores and POMS-R scores in the observation group decreased with statistical significance (
< 0.05).
Mindfulness respiratory decompression therapy can effectively help claustrophobic patients complete an MRI examination, which may be worthy of wide promotion and application in the clinic.
The formal deductive system 13 of universal logic in the ideal condition has been given in paper 2, UB algebra for universal logic in the ideal condition (h=k=0.5) was introduced in paper 3, and some ...propertives of UB algebra in universal logic were described in paper 5. Based on paper 3 and 5, fuzzy filter and quotient algebra in UB algebras are discussed more.
This study aimed to investigate the value of contrast-enhanced 3-dimensional (3D) T2-weighted (T2W) Volume Isotropic Turbo Spin Echo Acquisition (VISTA) sequence in prolactin-secreting pituitary ...adenoma diagnosis.
We enrolled 158 patients with hyperprolactinemia. Coronal dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) T1 spin echo and T2W VISTA sequences were performed. The detection of pituitary microadenomas in 3 imaging groups (DCE magnetic resonance imaging MRI, VISTA, and DCE MRI + VISTA) were compared using McNemar test and χ2 test.
The DCE MRI + VISTA group detected 28 more pituitary microlesions than DCE MRI alone. Among these, 20 lesions were clearly observed on VISTA images but were negative on DCE MRI. The combined sequences showed higher sensitivity (85.3%) and diagnostic accuracy (89.2%) for adenoma detection than any of the sequences alone (P < 0.01). We noted that in 65.7% of the patients with adenoma (46 of 70), a "hypointense rim" was present around the lesion on the VISTA images. Of them, 11 patients underwent surgery. Histopathology confirmed that the "hypointense rim" was a pseudocapsular structure at the edge of the adenoma.
For patients with hyperprolactinemia, the 3D T2W VISTA sequence is an important supplement to DCE MRI, because it could improve the detection rate of pituitary microadenomas.
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