Forgiveness education interventions instruct children and adolescents in understanding forgiveness and its role in healthy relationships. In this meta‐analytic review, 20 studies involving 1472 youth ...(51% female; Mage = 11.66) from 10 countries (studies: 40% North American, 25% East Asian, 20% Middle Eastern, 15% European) were retrieved to determine forgiveness education interventions’ effects on youth outcomes. Hedges’ g and confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess treatment effects. Findings suggest that forgiveness education interventions have a significant positive effect on forgiveness (g = 0.54, 95% CI 0.36, 0.73) and anger (g = 0.29, 95% CI 0.11, 0.47). Results lend support to the idea that children and adolescents who experience hurt from the unjust actions of others may benefit from learning about the process of forgiveness.
Aqueous zinc batteries possess intrinsic safety and cost-effectiveness, but dendrite growth and side reactions of zinc anodes hinder their practical application. Here, we propose the extended ...substrate screening strategy for stabilizing zinc anodes and verify its availability (d
: d
= 1: 1→d
: d
=n:1, n = 1, 2). From a series of calculated phyllosilicates satisfying d
≈ 2d
, we select vermiculite, which has the lowest lattice mismatch (0.38%) reported so far, as the model to confirm the effectiveness of "2d
" substrates for zinc anodes protection. Then, we develop a monolayer porous vermiculite through a large-scale and green preparation as a functional coating for zinc electrodes. Unique "planting Zn(002) seeds" mechanism for "2d
" substrates is revealed to induce the oriented growth of zinc deposits. Additionally, the coating effectively inhibits side reactions and promotes zinc ion transport. Consequently, the modified symmetric cells operate stably for over 300 h at a high current density of 50 mA cm
. This work extends the substrate screening strategy and advances the understanding of zinc nucleation mechanism, paving the way for realizing high-rate and stable zinc-metal batteries.
This article explores the development of forgiveness and other-focused love and examines the role of spirituality in the relationship between forgiveness and love: (a) Do forgiveness and love develop ...together? (b) Does love or forgiveness predict the other at a later time? (c) Does one’s spirituality moderate the relationship between forgiveness and love? A total of 47 participants from a large Christian university in Central Virginia filled out measures of compassionate love, forgiveness, and dedication to God at Time 1 (T1) and measures of love and forgiveness after 4 weeks at Time 2 (T2). Findings showed that those who gained the most in forgiveness began low in both forgiveness and love. While love at T1 did not predict forgiveness at T1 or T2, forgiveness at T1 positively predicted love at T2 (r = .36, p < .05), indicating that forgiveness temporally preceded love. However, the relationship between the two no longer existed after controlling for love at T1. The participants’ dedication to God at T1 did not moderate the relationship between forgiveness and love but further explained love at T2. It may be worthwhile to examine the effect of forgiveness interventions on increasing other-focused love.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by synovial inflammation, cartilage destruction, pannus formation and bone erosion. Various immune cells, including ...macrophages, are involved in RA pathogenesis. The heterogeneity and plasticity of macrophages render them pivotal regulators of both the induction and resolution of the inflammatory response. Predominantly, two different phenotypes of macrophages have been identified: classically activated M1 macrophages exacerbate inflammation via the production of cytokines, chemokines and other inflammatory mediators, while alternatively activated M2 macrophages inhibit inflammation and facilitate tissue repair. An imbalance in the M1/M2 macrophage ratio is critical during the initiation and progression of RA. Macrophage polarization is modulated by various transcription factors, epigenetic elements and metabolic reprogramming. Curcumin, an active component of turmeric, exhibits potent immunomodulatory effects and is administered in the treatment of multiple autoimmune diseases, including RA. The regulation of macrophage polarization and subsequent cytokine production as well as macrophage migration is involved in the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect of curcumin on RA. In this review, we summarize the underlying mechanisms by which curcumin modulates macrophage function and polarization in the context of RA to provide evidence for the clinical application of curcumin in RA treatment.
The Philosophy and Social Science of Agape Love Enright, Robert D.; Wang Xu, Jiahe; Rapp, Hannah ...
Journal of theoretical and philosophical psychology,
11/2022, Volume:
42, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
The moral virtues have had prominence in social scientific research ever since Piaget's (1932) and Kohlberg's (1969) pioneering work on the cognitive developmental stages of justice reasoning. A less ...explored moral virtue is the ancient idea of agape, or love that is in service to others which includes effort and even pain on the part of the one expressing the virtue. In this work, we attempt a precise definition of agape using Aristotelian philosophical views of virtue ethics and his principles of analyzing constructs for their essences and their specific differences with related but distinct constructs. From this Aristotelian philosophical framework, we then critique existing social scientific measures of love and of agape in particular. We then provide guidelines for the development of construct-valid measures of agape that are philosophically coherent. Possible research questions to expand the scientific study of agape are presented as a way forward with this important construct that could bring psychological health to individuals and peace and unity to families and communities.
Public Significance Statement
Agape love is a moral virtue in which a person willingly and unconditionally offers goodness, at a cost to the giver, to another or others in need. Because this under-researched ancient concept has implications for harmonious relationships and for good mental health, accurate measures of agape are needed to assess the degree to which a person understands and practices it.
Objective
Radiation‐induced skin injury (RISI) remains a serious concern during radiotherapy. IL‐10 is considered as an immune suppressive cytokine by inhibiting the secretion of the proinflammatory ...cytokines in cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective role of Erb (IL10) 2 against ionizing radiation.
Methods
We fused Interleukin 10 (IL‐10) dimer onto an anti‐epidermal growth factor receptor antibody Cetuximab (Erbitux) to form a new bispecific protein Erb‐(IL10)2. The protective effect and biological activity of Erb‐(IL10)2 was measured in model of RISI.
Results
Under the condition of 20 Gy irradiation, surviving cells in the IR group decreased significantly compared with the non‐IR group (p = 0.0021). The survival rates of HaCaT (p = 0.0038) and WS1 (p = 0.0003) cells were significantly increased after IL‐10 treatment. The apoptosis rates of HaCaT (p = 0.0048) and WS1 (p = 0.0074) cells in the IL‐10 group were significantly lower compared to the NC group. Under 20 Gy irradiation conditions, IL‐10 fusion protein reduced the level of reactive oxygen in HaCaT (p = 0.0046) and WS1 (p<0.0001) cells compared to the control group. Relatively normal granular mitochondrial morphology was observed in the IL‐10 group after 20 Gy X‐ray irradiation compared with the NC group. Ater 35 Gy electron radiation, the levels of reactive oxygen species in the skin tissue of C57/B6 mice injected with IL‐10 fusion protein were significantly lower than those in the PBS group (p = 0.001). Compared with the PBS group and the other IL‐10 groups, the group treated with 0.2 mg/kg IL‐10 showed a significant decrease in MDA level (p = 0.0024). Compared with the PBS group, the thickness of the stratum corneum in groups treated with 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg IL‐10 decreased, and the skin appendages were well‐preserved. In the group treated with 0.2 mg/kg IL‐10, the skin tissue structure was still relatively intact, and the masson staining area was smaller than that of the PBS group.
Conclusion
IL‐10 plays a role in inhibiting radioactive fibrosis in radioactive skin injury. IL‐10 has a protective effect on skin cell damage after ionizing radiation irradiation both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, IL‐10 plays a role in inhibiting radioactive fibrosis in radioactive skin injury.
Radiation induces the expression of let‐7e‐5p, which binds to the 3’‐UTR of IL‐10 mRNA leadings to its degradation and radiation induced skin injury. In this study we used IL‐10 fusion protein to increase IL‐10 in skin to alleviate radiation induced acute skin injury and skin fibrosis.
Controversy remains regarding the safety and efficacy of hemorrhoid ligation and stapled hemorrhoidopexy (SH) in the treatment of hemorrhoids. The study was to explore the operative outcomes of ...patients underwent multiple thread ligations (MTL) with SH for the management of grade III hemorrhoids.
This cohort study included patients who underwent MTL (MTL group, 128 cases) or SH (SH group, 141 cases) for grade III hemorrhoids between June 2019 and May 2021. A total of 115 patients in MTL group and 115 patients in SH group were finally included by propensity score matching with a ratio of 1:1. The primary outcome was the recurrence of prolapse within 6 months. Secondary outcomes were operative time, post-operative pain scores, hospital stay, the incidence of complications, Wexner incontinence score, and quality of life of patients with constipation at 6 months post procedure.
Multiple thread ligations and SH resulted in comparable recurrence within 6 months of follow-up, with five and seven cases of recurrence, respectively, (
= 0.352). The two groups had comparable outcomes in terms of post-operative pain, hospital stay, Wexner incontinence scores, and constipation-related quality of life (all
> 0.05). The median operative time was 16 min (15-18 min) in the MTL group versus 25 min (16-33 min) in the SH group (
< 0.01). Univariate analysis showed that the MTL technique had a lower risk of postoperative bleeding than that with the SH technique (
< 0.05).
The study indicated that the MTL technique might achieve comparable operative outcomes compared with the SH technique for the management of grade III hemorrhoids, nevertheless, MTL seemed to be associated with less risk of surgical bleeding than SH.
► We measure a learned behavior reflecting the affective component of visceral pain. ► The increase of conditioning place aversion score last for 14days. ► Bilateral pACC lesion significantly reduced ...CPA scores. ► Administration of non-NMDA receptor antagonist CNQX into pACC decreased CPA scores. ► The neurons in the pACC are involved in long-term negative affective state.
Studies of both humans and animals suggest that anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is important for processing pain perception. We identified that perigenul ACC (pACC) sensitization and enhanced visceral pain in a visceral hypersensitive rat in previous studies. Pain contains both sensory and affective dimensions. Teasing apart the mechanisms that control the neural pathways mediating pain affect and sensation in nociceptive behavioral response is a challenge. In this study, using a rodent visceral pain assay that combines the colorectal distension (CRD)-induced visceromotor response (VMR) with the conditioning place avoidance (CPA), we measured a learned behavior that directly reflects the affective component of visceral pain. When CRD was paired with a distinct environment context, the rats spent significantly less time in this compartment on the post-conditioning test days as compared with the pre-conditioning day. Effects were lasted for 14days. Bilateral pACC lesion significantly reduced CPA scores without reducing acute visceral pain behaviors (CRD-induced VMR). Bilateral administration of non-NMDA receptor antagonist CNQX or NMDA receptor antagonist AP5 into the pACC decreased the CPA scores. AP5 or CNQX at dose of 400mM produced about 70% inhibition of CRD-CPA in the day 1, 4 and 7, and completely abolished the CPA in the day 14 after conditioning. We concluded that neurons in the pACC are necessary for the “aversiveness” of visceral nociceptor stimulation. pACC activation is critical for the memory processing involved in long-term negative affective state and prediction of aversive stimuli by contextual cue.
A series of mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (mpg-C₃N₄) materials are synthesized by directly pyrolyzing melamine containing many embedded silica nanoparticles templates, and then etching the ...silica templates from the carbonized products. The mass ratio of melamine-to-silica templates and the size of the silica nanoparticles are found to dictate whether or not mpg-C₃N₄ with large surface area and high porosity form. The surfaces of the mpg-C₃N₄ materials are then decorated with copper (Cu) nanoparticles, resulting in Cu-decorated mpg-C₃N₄ composite materials that show excellent photocatalytic activity for degradation of tartrazine yellow dye. The materials' excellent photocatalytic performance is attributed to their high surface area and the synergistic effects created in them by mpg-C₃N₄ and Cu nanoparticles, including the Cu nanoparticles' greater ability to separate photogenerated charge carriers from mpg-C₃N₄.
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