Iron oxide is promising for use in aqueous energy storage devices due to the high capacity, but one of the most challenging problems is cycling instability within the large potential window that ...results from the complete quasi‐conversion reaction. Herein, a conformal surface coating strategy toward iron oxide via atomic layer deposition (ALD) is presented and an Fe3O4@TiO2 core–shell nanorod array anode is reported that exhibits remarkable cycling performance exceeding 30 000 times within a wide potential window in neutral lithium salt electrolyte. ALD offers a uniform and precisely controllable TiO2 shell that not only buffers the inner volume expansion of Fe3O4, but also contributes extra capacity through Li+ intercalation/de‐intercalation and helps to alleviate the water electrolysis. Furthermore, by pairing with a pseduocapacitive cathode of V2O3@carbon and using a hydrogel electrolyte of PVA‐LiCl, a unique flexible quasi‐solid‐state hybrid supercapacitor can be assembled. With a high voltage of 2.0 V, the device delivers high volumetric energy and power densities (2.23 mWh cm−3, 1090 mW cm−3), surpassing many recently reported flexible supercapacitors. This work highlights the importance of ALD conformal multifunctional shell to instable nanoarray electrodes in aqueous electrolytes and brings new opportunities to design advanced aqueous hybrid energy storage devices.
A conformal multifunctional titania shell on Fe3O4 nanorod conversion anode is designed using atomic layer deposition, which enables high stability exceeding 30 000 cycles in aqueous electrolyte. This hybrid anode is further assembled with V2O3@C capacitive cathode into a flexible quasi‐solid‐state hybrid supercapacitor, showing high volumetric energy and power densities, and good electrochemical attributes at elevated temperatures.
Melilotus, a member of the Fabaceae family, is a pivotal forage crop that is extensively cultivated in livestock regions globally due to its notable productivity and ability to withstand abiotic ...stress. However, the genetic attributes of the chloroplast genome and the evolutionary connections among different Melilotus species remain unresolved. In this study, we compiled the chloroplast genomes of 18 Melilotus species and performed a comprehensive comparative analysis. Through the examination of protein-coding genes, we successfully established a robust phylogenetic tree for these species. This conclusion is further supported by the phylogeny derived from single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the entire chloroplast genome. Notably, our findings revealed that M. infestus, M. siculus, M. sulcatus, and M. speciosus formed a distinct subgroup within the phylogenetic tree. Additionally, the chloroplast genomes of these four species exhibit two shared inversions. Moreover, inverted repeats were observed to have reemerged in six species within the IRLC. The distribution patterns of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertions/deletions (InDels) within protein-coding genes indicated that ycf1 and ycf2 accumulated nonconservative alterations during evolutionary development. Furthermore, an examination of the evolutionary rate of protein-coding genes revealed that rps18, rps7, and rpl16 underwent positive selection specifically in Melilotus. We present a comparative analysis of the complete chloroplast genomes of Melilotus species. This study represents the most thorough and detailed exploration of the evolution and variability within the genus Melilotus to date. Our study provides valuable chloroplast genomic information for improving phylogenetic reconstructions and making biogeographic inferences about Melilotus and other Papilionoideae species.
PurposeThis paper attributes the clustered occurrence of over-guarantee crises of Chinese listed firms to behavioural interactions among them when engaged in guarantee decisions, verifying the ...existence of the peer effect (PE) and its role in the formation mechanism of such crises.Design/methodology/approachReviewing the literature, the authors constructed a panel dataset of Chinese listed firms from 2011 to 2019 to empirically verify two types of PE by constructing industrial and regional PE indicators. The authors conduct grouped regressions according to firm heterogeneity and managers’ individual characteristics to explain the motives for the over-guaranteeing PE and also analysed the interaction between the financial market and the PE to reveal the external governance mechanism.FindingsThe authors find that the over-guarantee behaviour of Chinese listed firms exhibits strong industrial and regional correlations, which may lead to guarantee crises clustering. Firms with lower information quality, smaller asset size, and higher managerial overconfidence will be more likely to be influenced by other listed firms to over-guarantee. A favourable financial market environment can effectively inhibit listed firms from imitating the guaranteeing behaviour of peer firms.Research limitations/implicationsThis study’s results challenge the traditional theoretical perspective of independent financial decision-making, describe the interaction among listed firms in decision-making, and expand the existing theoretical literature on over-guaranteeing. The stickiness of guarantee behaviour may affect the accuracy of the authors’ estimations, and the differences between the industrial and regional PE require further research.Practical implicationsThe PE of over-guaranteeing shows that a single firm has a “spill-over effect” on the guarantee decisions of other firms in the same industry or region. Improving the information environment of listed firms financing decision-making and establishing a more demanding guarantee access mechanism may reduce this dependence on listed firms’ decisions. Firms should also appropriately strengthen decision-making constraints on managers to avoid istortions in financial decisions due to managers’ personal cognitive biases.Originality/valueUsing PE theory, the authors explain the influence mechanisms of financial distress of Chinese listed firms due to industrial and regional clustering of over-guarantee behaviour from the perspective of behavioural interaction.
As the increasing discharge of industrial oily wastewater posed a severe threat to the ecological environment and human health, various oil/water separation technology has been proposed all over the ...world. In recent years, superhydrophobic film for oil/water separation has gained much more attention. A simple method was explored in this paper to prepare superhydrophobic TiO2/SiO2 nanoparticle coating with varied particle size and ratio. Superhydrophobic metal mesh, sponge and loofah were fabricated by simple spraying method. The topological structure and surface wettability of the prepared coating was characterized by SEM, TEM as well as contact angle measurements. The nano-scale pore structure and the convex nano-nipple structure were observed on the surface of the coating, which supply the microstructure evidence to explain its superhydrophobic characteristics, water contact angle (WCA) ≥ 155° and oil contact angle (OCA) ≈ 0°. The oil/water separation efficiency of the superhydrophobic coating with different substrates was around 95% during a series of experimental investigation for varied oil/water mixtures. In addition, the separation efficiency can remain above 90% after 60 separation cycles, which indicated the better sustainability of the coating. The developed materials with their stable hydrophobicity, recyclability, durable oil resistance and water resistance displayed potential application for oil/water separation in industry and daily life.
A novel coating based on TiO2/SiO2 composite nanoparticles and octadecyl trimethoxy siloxane (OTMS) was elaborately designed. Display omitted
•A facile method was developed to prepare superhydrophobic TiO2/SiO2 nanoparticle coating.•The superhydrophobic metal mesh, sponge and loofah were fabricated by simple spraying method.•The contact angle of water on the superhydrophobic surface is more than 155°.•The contact angle of oil on the superhydrophobic surface is nearly 0°.•The separation efficiency for oil-water mixture can reach to 95 ± 1% for different oil.
Trifluoromethylation/arylation: N‐aryl acrylamides undergo visible‐light‐induced tandem trifluoromethylation/arylation in the presence of a ruthenium photocatalyst with Togni's reagent as the CF3 ...source (see scheme). This reaction serves as a powerful and ecofriendly synthetic method for the preparation of a variety of CF3‐containing oxindoles bearing a quaternary carbon center.
A novel visible light promoted carbodifluoroalkylation of allylic alcohols is disclosed. A series of difluoro 1,5-dicarbonyl compounds were obtained through a tandem radical addition and 1,2-aryl ...migration process. Mechanistic analysis indicated that the 1,2-aryl rearrangement proceeded via a radical intermediate.
The pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins constitute one of the largest nuclear-encoded protein families in higher plants, with over 400 members in most sequenced plant species. The molecular ...functions of these proteins and their physiological roles during plant growth and development have been widely studied. Generally, there is mounting evidence that PPR proteins are involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of chloroplast and/or mitochondrial genes, including RNA maturation, editing, intron splicing, transcripts' stabilization, and translation initiation. The cooperative action of RNA metabolism has profound effects on the biogenesis and functioning of both chloroplasts and mitochondria and, consequently, on the photosynthesis, respiration, and development of plants and their environmental responses. In this review, we summarize the latest research on PPR proteins, specifically how they might function in the chloroplast, by documenting their mechanism of molecular function, their corresponding RNA targets, and their specific effects upon chloroplast biogenesis and host organisms.
The reaction of readily generated silyl lithium reagents with various aryl fluorides to provide the corresponding aryl silanes is reported. DFT calculations reveal that the nucleophilic aromatic ...substitution of the fluoride anion by the silyl lithium reagent proceeds through concerted ipso substitution. In contrast to the classical nucleophilic aromatic substitution, this concerted ionic silyldefluorination also occurs on more electron‐rich aryl fluorides.
Just one step! Reactions of readily generated silyl lithium compounds with fluoroarenes provide the corresponding aryl silanes under very mild conditions. DFT calculations show that these transformations proceed through concerted nucleophilic aromatic substitution.
The amount of omics data in the public domain is increasing every year. Modern science has become a data-intensive discipline. Innovative solutions for data management, data sharing, and for ...discovering novel datasets are therefore increasingly required. In 2016, we released the first version of the Omics Discovery Index (OmicsDI) as a light-weight system to aggregate datasets across multiple public omics data resources. OmicsDI aggregates genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and multiomics datasets, as well as computational models of biological processes. Here, we propose a set of novel metrics to quantify the attention and impact of biomedical datasets. A complete framework (now integrated into OmicsDI) has been implemented in order to provide and evaluate those metrics. Finally, we propose a set of recommendations for authors, journals and data resources to promote an optimal quantification of the impact of datasets.
Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellites produce large quantities of remote sensing images that are unaffected by weather conditions and, therefore, widely used in marine surveillance. However, ...because of the hysteresis of satellite-ground communication and the massive quantity of remote sensing images, rapid analysis is not possible and real-time information for emergency situations is restricted. To solve this problem, this paper proposes an on-board ship detection scheme that is based on the traditional constant false alarm rate (CFAR) method and lightweight deep learning. This scheme can be used by the SAR satellite on-board computing platform to achieve near real-time image processing and data transmission. First, we use CFAR to conduct the initial ship detection and then apply the You Only Look Once version 4 (YOLOv4) method to obtain more accurate final results. We built a ground verification system to assess the feasibility of our scheme. With the help of the embedded Graphic Processing Unit (GPU) with high integration, our method achieved 85.9% precision for the experimental data, and the experimental results showed that the processing time was nearly half that required by traditional methods.
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