Background
The gut‐liver axis is considered to play a critical role in the development and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The integrity of the epithelial barrier is crucial ...to protect the liver against the invasion of microbial products from the gut, although its exact role in NAFLD onset and progression is not clear.
Methods
We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of studies that addressed the intestinal permeability (IP) in association with NAFLD presence or severity as defined by the presence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and the degree of steatosis, hepatic inflammation or fibrosis. A total of 14 studies were eligible for inclusion.
Results
Studies investigating IP in adult (n = 6) and paediatric (n = 8) NAFLD showed similar results. Thirteen of the included studies focussed on small IP, two studies on whole gut permeability and none on colonic permeability. In the pooled analysis, NAFLD patients showed an increased small intestinal permeability compared to healthy controls based on dual sugar tests (standardized mean difference 0.79, 95% CI 0.49‐1.08) and serum zonulin levels (standardized mean difference 1.04 ng/mL, 95% CI 0.40‐1.68). No clear difference in IP was observed between simple steatosis and NASH patients. Furthermore, whole gut and small intestinal permeability increased with the degree of hepatic steatosis in 4/4 studies, while no association with hepatic inflammation or fibrosis was observed.
Conclusion
Based on the limited number of studies available, IP appears to be increased in NAFLD patients compared to healthy controls and is associated with the degree of hepatic steatosis.
The
ℓ
-Galois hull
h
ℓ
(
C
)
of an
n
,
k
linear code
C
over the finite field
F
q
is the intersection of
C
and
C
⊥
ℓ
, where
C
⊥
ℓ
denotes the
ℓ
-Galois dual of
C
which was introduced by Fan and ...Zhang in 2017. The
ℓ
-Galois LCD code is a linear code
C
satisfying
h
ℓ
(
C
)
=
C
⋂
C
⊥
ℓ
=
{
0
}
. In this paper, we show that the dimension of the
ℓ
-Galois hull of a linear code is invariant under permutation equivalences and we provide a method to calculate the dimension of the
ℓ
-Galois hull through a generator matrix of the code. Moreover, we obtain that the dimension of the
ℓ
-Galois hull of a ternary code is also invariant under monomial equivalences. We show that every
n
,
k
linear code over
F
q
is monomial equivalent to an
ℓ
-Galois LCD code for any
q
>
4
. We conclude that if there exists an
n
,
k
linear code over
F
q
for any
q
>
4
, then there exists an
ℓ
-Galois LCD code with the same parameters for any
0
≤
ℓ
≤
e
-
1
, where
q
=
p
e
for some prime number
p
. As an application, we characterize the
ℓ
-Galois hulls of matrix product codes over finite fields.
Chemoresistance remains a major obstacle to effective treatment in patients with ovarian cancer, and recently increasing evidences suggest that miRNAs are involved in drug-resistance. In this study, ...we investigated the role of miRNAs in regulating cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cell line and analyzed their possible mechanisms. We profiled miRNAs differentially expressed in cisplatin-resistant human ovarian cancer cell line A2780/DDP compared with parental A2780 cells using microarray. Four abnormally expressed miRNAs were selected (miR-146a,-130a, -374a and miR-182) for further studies. Their expression were verified by qRT-PCR. MiRNA mimics or inhibitor were transfected into A2780 and A2780/DDP cells and then drug sensitivity was analyzed by MTS array. RT-PCR and Western blot were carried out to examine the alteration of MDR1, PTEN gene expression. A total of 32 miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed in A2780/DDP cells. Among them, miR-146a was down-regulated and miR-130a,-374a,-182 were upregulated in A2780/DDP cells, which was verified by RT-PCR. MiR-130a and miR-374a mimics decreased the sensitivity of A2780 cells to cisplatin, reversely, their inhibitors could resensitize A2780/DDP cells. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-130a could increase the MDR1 mRNA and P-gp levels in A2780 and A2780/DDP cells, whereas knockdown of miR-130a could inhibit MDR1 gene expression and upregulate the PTEN protein expression .In a conclusion, the deregulation of miR-374a and miR-130a may be involved in the development and regulation of cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cells. This role of miR-130a may be achieved by regulating the MDR1 and PTEN gene expression.
A copper-mediated C2-cyanation of indoles using cheap and commercially available acetonitrile as the “nonmetallic” cyanide source was achieved through sequential C–C and C–H bond cleavages. The ...installation of a removable pyrimidyl group on the indole nitrogen atom is the key for this C2 selectivity. This approach provides a novel and alternative route leading to indole-2-carbonitrile.
Remote sensing of water parameters and flow dynamic progress is of critical importance to water environment observation. Underwater acoustic tomography technology uses multiple sound stations to ...construct distributed sensing network for large-scale measurement, which has big superiority in water parameter observation compared with fix-point measurement. Water parameter variation progress can be monitored with an underwater acoustic tomography sensing system. This article develops a grid-averaged trust-region method for water parameter detailed profiling with coastal acoustic tomography (CAT) systems. A remote sensing experiment was conducted with five CAT systems from February 28 to March 7, 2022, in the Huangcai Reservoir in Changsha, China. Four CAT systems were deployed in the same position with different depths of sound transceivers, and another CAT station was set 650 m apart. Water temperature and flow current reconstruction results along the sound propagate Section were analyzed with the trust-region method and compared with the temperature data acquired with the temperature sensor. The accuracy and feasibility of this method are verified with observation results.
As a favorable candidate for the next‐generation anode materials, metallic lithium is faced with two crucial problems: uncontrollable lithium plating/stripping process and huge volume expansion ...during cycling. Herein, a 3D lithiophilic skeleton modified with nanoscale Bi sheets (Ni@Bi Foam, i.e., NBF) through one‐step facile substitution reaction is constructed. Benefiting from the nanoscale modification, smooth and dense lithiophilic Li3Bi layer is in situ formed, which improves the uniform deposition of Li subsequently. Meanwhile, the 3D structure inhibits the growth of Li dendrites effectively by reducing local areal current density. Consequently, the NBF exhibits outstanding cycling stability with a high average Coulombic efficiency of 98.46% at 1 mA cm−2 with 1 mAh cm−2 (>500 cycles). Symmetrical cell with NBF exhibits a high reversibility at 1 mA cm−2 with 1 mAh cm−2 (>2000 h). Moreover, superior long‐term cycling and rate performance of NBF@Li anode are also acquired when assembled with high areal loading of LiFePO4 (10.1 mg cm−2) cathode (Negative/Positive ratio: 2.91). Even in anode‐free metal lithium batteries, NBF has higher capacity during cycling compared with NF. To conclude, NBF shows excellent electrochemical performance and provides an idea of facile preparation method which can be extend to other metal batteries.
After alloying with Li, the lithiophilic Bi‐nanosheets on Ni Foam turned to lithiophilic Li3Bi layer. Benefiting from the smooth and dense lithiophilic Li3Bi layer, both thermodynamic surroundings and kinetics of Li plating/stripping have thus been improved significantly, then uniform Li deposition can be obtained.
In this paper, we investigate the nonlinear stability of 2D Boussinesq-MHD equations around the hydrostatic equilibrium state
(
U
¯
,
B
¯
,
Θ
¯
,
P
¯
)
=
(
0
,
e
1
,
y
,
1
2
y
2
)
in two kinds of ...periodic domains:
T
×
(
0
,
1
)
and
T
×
R
. Due to the absence of dissipation of magnetic field, it brings great difficulties to obtain the uniformly a priori estimate of
∂
1
b
. The main technique is utilizing the couple of equations between
u
and
b
to obtain the anisotropic estimates of (
u
,
b
,
θ
) and then we obtain the expected stability results.
Water temperature is a critically important parameter for characterizing aquatic ecosystem, particularly in hydrodynamic processes produced by human activities or climate effects in shallow water ...regions (oceanic pasture, tidal currents, upwelling currents, etc.). The variation of water temperature is a slight and slow process, as technology advances, high-precision observation of the spatial and temporal variation of water temperature on 3-D scale is crucial to environmental research and predictions. To address this issue, 3-D water temperature field is reconstructed by coastal acoustic tomography technology and inversion water temperature variations are obtained. A multiacoustic station experiment was conducted in a reservoir in Changsha, China, from March 4, 2022 to March 5, 2022. Two grid-averaged 3-D inversion methods (Lagrangian-least-squares method and improved-Landweber iteration method) with multistation underwater sensing network are processed to reveal water temperature fluctuations. The rotated empirical orthogonal function is used to further analyze and evaluate the sensitivity of temperature variations in the individual spatial grids. In this article, water temperature distribution and dynamic variation process in the whole spatial structure are obtained and discussed using 3-D sound transmission information, and the feasibility of the methods is verified by comparing them with temperature depth sensor array observation results. This study provides high-precision ideas and methods for 3-D water temperature activities of underwater acoustic tomography network in shallow environments.
Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNA (miRNA), long ncRNA (lncRNA), and circular RNA (circRNA), are regulators of important biological functions. Therefore, understanding their crosstalk and ...regulatory patterns can provide treatment for diseases. In this study, differentially expressed RNA transcripts were obtained by RNA sequencing in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Four miRNAs, 10 lncRNAs, and two circRNAs were tested to validate the sequencing. There were differentially expressed 585 mRNAs, 236 miRNAs, 272 lncRNAs, and 74 circRNAs in pulmonary fibrosis. Their location on chromosome, length varieties, interaction, and host genes were analyzed. lnc949, circ949, and circ057 were chosen to explore the detailed crosstalk and regulatory pattern, which were measured by using RNA-FISH, dual-luciferase reporter assay, real-time cell analysis and rescue experiment, co-localization analysis, RNA immunoprecipitation, and RNA pull down. The data showed that the three ncRNAs were predominant in the cytoplasm, and their regulatory patterns were focused on post-transcription. The fibrotic function of lnc949 depended on its host gene FKBP5. circ949 and circ057 formed a regulatory network with lnc865 and lnc556 to simultaneously regulate miR-29b-2-5p targeting STAT3 phosphorylation. Collectively, different RNAs can crosstalk with each other to regulate pulmonary fibrosis through different regulatory patterns. We hope these data can provide a full concept of RNA transcripts, leading to a new treatment for pulmonary fibrosis.
Abstract
To improve the stability of polymer gel profile control agents used in high‐temperature and high‐salinity reservoirs, the temperature‐resistant and salinity‐resistant polymer (TSP) was ...synthesized from acrylamide (AM), 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS), N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NVP) via free radical polymerization reaction using initiator. The TSP showed excellent salt resistance and thermal stability because of the introduction of the sulfonic acid group, hydrophobic group, and rigid group. Furthermore, a novel elevated temperature hydrogel (ETG) for profile control was prepared using TSP, a crosslinker hexamethylenetetramine‐hydroquinone (HMTA‐HQE), and silica nanoparticles as an enhancer. The formula of ETG was as follows: 0.5 wt% TSP + 0.3 wt% HMTA‐HQE + 0.2 wt% silica nanoparticles (enhancer). SEM and FTIR analyzed the micromorphology and composition of ETG. Under high temperature and salinity (110°C, 85702 mg/L), the apparent viscosity of ETG reached up to 3 × 10
4
mPa·s, and controllable gelation time was 10–20 h. After aging for 120 days at 110°C, the viscosity retention rate was more than 75%, indicating ETG had better thermal stability. Moreover, the plugging ratio of ETG reached up to 97.8%, while the plugging ratio of the conventional HPAM hydrogel was only 81.2%, which indicated that ETG also had good plugging performance.
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