We, the Publisher, have retracted the following article: Yian Xu (2022). Encoder-decoder structure based on conditional random field for building extraction in remote sensing images. EAI Endorsed ...Scal Inf Syst. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.7-12-2021.172362 The authors submitted the article to the Special Issue on “Real-time image information processing with deep neural networks and data mining technologies”, edited by the Guest Editors Dr Prof. Hang Li (Northeastern University, China) and Dr Prof. Jochen Schiewe, HafenCity Universität Hamburg, Germany. From our Research Integrity Team, we performed auditing of the editorial process of this Special Issue, and we identified misconduct during the review process. The generated reviews were simple, generalistic, without rigour, and the same for every submission. Following the COPE guidelines, we decided to RETRACT this article because “Peer review manipulation suspected after publication”. We informed the authors about this decision. The retracted article will remain, and it has been watermarked as “RETRACTED”.
This article has been retracted, and the retraction notice can be found here: http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.8-4-2022.173801 The application of building extraction involves a wide range of fields, ...including urban planning, land use analysis and change detection. It is difficult to determine whether each pixel is a building or not because of the large difference within the building category. Therefore, automatic building extraction from aerial images is still a challenging research topic. Although deep convolutional networks have many advantages, the networks used for image-level classification cannot be directly used for pixel-level building extraction tasks. This is caused by successive steps larger than one in the pooling or convolution layer. These operations will reduce the spatial resolution of feature maps. Therefore, the spatial resolution of the output feature map is no longer consistent with that of the input, which cannot meet the task requirements of pixel- level building extraction. In this paper, we propose a encoder-decoder structure based on conditional random field for building extraction in remote sensing images. The problem of boundary information lost by unitary potential energy in traditional conditional random field is solved through multi-scale building information. It also preserves the local structure information. The network consists of two parts: encoder sub-network and decoder sub-network. The encoder sub-network compresses the spatial resolution of the input image to complete the feature extraction. The decoder sub-network improves the spatial resolution from features and completes building extraction. Experimental results show that the proposed framework is superior to other comparison methods in terms of the accuracy on open data sets, and can extract building information in complex scenes well.
We use P5 to denote a path of length 5 and C5 to denote a cycle of length 5. The aim of this paper is to prove that, if G is a connected graph satisfying (1). G has an induced C5 and no clique ...cut-set, (2). G has no induced subgraph isomorphic to P5 or K5−e, then G is max{13,ω(G)+1}-colorable.
•If a non-bipartite (P5,diamond)-free graph is not a complete graph or a 5-ring, then it contains an induced paw.•Let G be a (P5,K5−e)-free graph with an induced 5-cycle C. If G has an induced T-5-wheel Σ, then χ(G)≤max{13,ω(G)+1}.•Let G be (P5,K5−e)-free with an induced C5. Then χ(G)≤max{13,ω(G)+1}.
•Let G∈G,u∈V(G), and B be a component of GLl(u). Then B is a star if Δ(B)≥3, and V (B) has at most three {u}-predecessors in L1(u) if Δ(B)≤2. Furthermore, if l=2 and B is a cycle, then |B|≡0 (mod ...6).•A pentagraph is a simple graph without cycles on 3 or 4 vertices and without induced cycles of odd length at least 7.•If a non-bipartite pentagraph G contains a 5-hole C, then if C is not contained in any subgraph of G which is equal to the Petersen graph, then GLi(V(C)) is bipartite for all i>0.•If a non-bipartite pentagraph G with a 5-hole contains an induced subgraph F which is equal to the Petersen graph, then GLi(V(F)) is bipartite for all i>0.•For some special structure P, if a non-bipartite pentagraph G with a 5-hole contains P, then GLi(V(P)) is bipartite for alli>0.
A pentagraph is a simple graph without cycles on 3 or 4 vertices and without induced cycles of odd length at least 7. In this paper, we present some structural properties of pentagraphs. As a corollary, we give a short proof that there is exactly one 3-connected internally 4-connected non-bipartite cubic pentagraph, which is the Petersen graph.
•This article studies the Conway’s thrackle conjecture.•By applying a new discharging rule, this article investigates the upper bound of the size of thrackles.•This article gives an improved linear ...upper bound for the size of thrackles.
If G=(V,E) has a drawing on the plane where two different edges have a proper crossing if and only if they are non-adjacent, then we call such a drawing a thrackle. Conway conjectured |E| is no more than |V| for thrackles. This paper shows that |E| is no more than 1.393(|V|−1).
A Cayley graph is said to be an NNN-graph if its automorphism group contains two isomorphic regular subgroups where one is normal and the other is non-normal. In this paper, we show that there exist ...NNN-graphs among the Cayley graphs for symmetric groups Sn if and only if n⩾5.
In the information era, the instant and diversified broadcasting of the COVID-19 pandemic has played an important role in stabilizing the societal mental state and avoiding inter-group conflicts. The ...presentation of visual graphics was considered as an innovative information form and broadly utilized in news reports. However, its effects on the audiences' cognition and behaviors have received little empirical attention. The current study applied real-time and retrospective priming paradigms to examine the impacts of information framing (positive vs. negative) and form (plain text vs. pie chart) on individuals' risk perception (cognition), positive emotion (emotion), and willingness to help others (behavioral intention) during the outbreak and post-pandemic period in China. The results indicated the "amplification effect" of the innovative form of information in the real-time priming condition, which increased the effect of the information framing on cognition, emotion, and behavioral intention. However, in the retrospective priming condition, the amplification effect on cognition and emotion were weakened, while its effect on behavioral intention disappeared. In conclusion, the study found the "amplification effect" of innovative information forms. Further, the difference in the results in the real-time and retrospective priming paradigms suggested the constraint of the context of the "amplification effect," and indicated the possible deviation of the retrospective paradigm in studies about disaster-related news. This study provides empirical support for how subtle changes in information presentation influence public mental and behavioral responses during a pandemic and has important implications for media psychology and social governance.
A hole is an induced cycle of length at least 4, and an even-hole is a hole of even length. A cap is a graph consisting of a hole and an additional vertex which is adjacent to exactly two adjacent ...vertices of the hole. Cameron et al. 3 proved that every (cap, even-hole)-free graph G has χ(G)⩽⌊32ω(G)⌋, and they also proposed a question stating that if χ(G)⩽⌈54ω(G)⌉ for all (cap, even-hole)-free graphs. Wu and Xu 20 showed that every (cap, even-hole)-free graph G has χ(G)⩽⌈43ω(G)⌉. In this paper, we improve this upper bound and show that every (cap, even-hole)-free graph has χ(G)⩽⌈97ω(G)⌉+1.
Previous research on non-facial features demonstrated that masculinity and femininity correlated highly with perceived competence and warmth, respectively. Several studies focused on dimorphic facial ...cues and found an association between masculine faces and competence. However, there’s no study exploring the association between facial dimorphism and social judgment both using explicit and implicit experimental paradigms, i.e. Triad Classification Task, Implicit Associate Task. This study examined the association of masculinity/femininity and competence/warmth via explicit and implicit measures in three experiments. The results showed that participants saw feminine/masculine faces as more consistent with warmth/competence for both male and female faces. Besides, it was found that the above associations were more obvious in female participants. The current studies extended research of effects of dimorphic facial cue in social judgment and provided direct evidence linking facial masculinity with perceived competence, and facial femininity with perceived warmth.
Bamberg and Giudici (2011) showed that the point graphs of certain generalised quadrangles of order (q−1,q+1), where q=pk is a prime power with p≥5, are both normal and non-normal Cayley graphs for ...two isomorphic groups. We call these graphs BG-graphs. In this paper, we show that the Cayley graphs obtained from a finite number of BG-graphs by Cartesian product, direct product, and strong product also possess the property of being normal and non-normal Cayley graphs for two isomorphic groups.
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