Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs)—an emerging class of hybrid porous materials built from metal ions or clusters bridged by organic linkers—have attracted increasing attention in recent years. The ...superior properties of MOFs, such as well‐defined pore aperture, tailorable composition and structure, tunable size, versatile functionality, high agent loading, and improved biocompatibility, make them promising candidates as drug delivery hosts. Furthermore, scientists have made remarkable achievements in the field of nanomedical applications of MOFs, owing to their facile synthesis on the nanoscale and alternative functionalization via inclusion and surface chemistry. A brief introduction to the applications of MOFs in controlled drug/cargo delivery and cancer therapy that have been reported in recent years is provided here.
Important research progress of metal–organic framework (MOF)‐based drug/cargo delivery systems and their applications in the field of materials science and biomedicine are introduced, especially in terms of cancer theranostics. This is illustrated by individual MOFs, stimuli‐responsive MOFs, and multifunctional MOFs. Additionally, the challenges and development directions of such nanoplatforms are discussed.
As COVID‐19 impacts medical education worldwide, lack of patient contact and in‐person courses creates concern for medical students. This commentary presents a call to action from students who want ...to be educated and prepared for their futures.
The article examines how the life experiences of a Tibetan female thangka painter, Lutsojam (known as Lutso), are intertwined with the meaning of her artworks, in particular, with the thangka ...painting, “Avalokiteśvara with Mind at Rest,” which I followed from its birth in Amdo Rebgong (Qinghai, China), to its visit to an art gallery in Beijing, and finally to its entry into the collection of an ethnographic museum in New York. Through painting thangkas and training her own apprentices (especially female apprentices), Lutso is able to support her family, empower other Tibetan women, and authenticate a religious identity that has been elided in the official narrative of Tibetan thangka art.
A numerical method is presented to estimate the crystallization pressure of granite intrusions based on two polynomial equations obtained by an analysis of the existing haplogranite ternary phase ...diagram and associated dataset. The results indicate that the pressure is correlated respectively with normative quartz (Qtz) content and with normative albite (Ab) plus orthoclase (Or) contents of granitic rocks as follows.(1)P=−0.2426×Qtz3+26.392×Qtz2−980.74×Qtz+12563(2)P=0.2426×Ab+Or3−46.397×Ab+Or2+2981.3×Ab+Or−64224R2=0.9943
where P is pressure in MPa, and R denotes correlation coefficient. It is noted that the procedure of normalizing the sum of CIPW norm (quartz, albite, orthoclase) contents to 100% is required before using Eqs. (1) and (2). The difference in pressure calculations between these two equations is ≤16MPa for the range of normative quartz contents from 15 to 40wt%. An example of how to use these equations to estimate the crystallization pressure of a granite intrusion is also provided to show the validity and convenience of this method. The uncertainty of such pressure estimation is not well known, although it must fall into the uncertainty range of the existing experimental work on pressure constraints.
The simplicity of this empirical method is appreciable, although its applicability to natural granitoids needs further test. More experimental work is required to constrain the effects of components, such as CaO, FeO, MgO, F, Cl, CO2, on the granite phase equilibria. These equations, however, can be used for estimating crystallization pressures of water-saturated and quartz-oversaturated granitic systems.
•Crystallization pressure of a granite intrusion is a function of its normative quartz (or silica) content.•Two complementary polynomial equations can be readily used for estimation of the crystallization pressures of granite intrusions.•These equations may be applied to granites with normative quartz contents ranging from 15% to 40%.
Two efficient blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence compounds, B‐oCz and B‐oTC, composed of ortho‐donor (D)–acceptor (A) arrangement were designed and synthesized. The significant ...intramolecular D–A interactions induce a combined charge transfer pathway and thus achieve small ΔEST and high efficiencies. The concentration quenching can be effectively inhibited in films of these compounds. The blue non‐doped organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on B‐oTC prepared from solution processes shows record‐high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 19.1 %.
Blue note: Highly efficient blue thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) materials have been developed by using a new design strategy. Solution‐processed, non‐doped blue organic light‐emitting diodes based on these emitters realized record‐high external quantum efficiency of 19.1 %.
Recently, we reported that some dairy cows could produce high amounts of milk with high amounts of protein (defined as milk protein yield MPY) when a population was raised under the same nutritional ...and management condition, a potential new trait that can be used to increase high-quality milk production. It is unknown to what extent the rumen microbiome and its metabolites, as well as the host metabolism, contribute to MPY. Here, analysis of rumen metagenomics and metabolomics, together with serum metabolomics was performed to identify potential regulatory mechanisms of MPY at both the rumen microbiome and host levels.
Metagenomics analysis revealed that several Prevotella species were significantly more abundant in the rumen of high-MPY cows, contributing to improved functions related to branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis. In addition, the rumen microbiome of high-MPY cows had lower relative abundances of organisms with methanogen and methanogenesis functions, suggesting that these cows may produce less methane. Metabolomics analysis revealed that the relative concentrations of rumen microbial metabolites (mainly amino acids, carboxylic acids, and fatty acids) and the absolute concentrations of volatile fatty acids were higher in the high-MPY cows. By associating the rumen microbiome with the rumen metabolome, we found that specific microbial taxa (mainly Prevotella species) were positively correlated with ruminal microbial metabolites, including the amino acids and carbohydrates involved in glutathione, phenylalanine, starch, sucrose, and galactose metabolism. To detect the interactions between the rumen microbiome and host metabolism, we associated the rumen microbiome with the host serum metabolome and found that Prevotella species may affect the host's metabolism of amino acids (including glycine, serine, threonine, alanine, aspartate, glutamate, cysteine, and methionine). Further analysis using the linear mixed effect model estimated contributions to the variation in MPY based on different omics and revealed that the rumen microbial composition, functions, and metabolites, and the serum metabolites contributed 17.81, 21.56, 29.76, and 26.78%, respectively, to the host MPY.
These findings provide a fundamental understanding of how the microbiome-dependent and host-dependent mechanisms contribute to varied individualized performance in the milk production quality of dairy cows under the same management condition. This fundamental information is vital for the development of potential manipulation strategies to improve milk quality and production through precision feeding. Video Abstract.
An intelligent theranostic nanoplatform based on nanovalve operated metal–organic framework (MOF) core–shell hybrids, incorporating tumorous microenvironment‐triggered drug release, magnetic ...resonance imaging (MRI) guidance, sustained release, and effective chemotherapy in one pot is reported. The core–shell hybrids are constructed by an in situ growth method, in which Fe3O4 particles with superior abilities of MRI and magnetic separation form the core and UiO‐66 MOF with high loading capacity compose the shell, and then are surface‐installed with pillararene‐based pseudorotaxanes as tightness‐adjustable nanovalves. This strategy endows the system with the ability of targeted, multistimuli responsive drug release in response to pH changes, temperature variations, and competitive agents. Water‐soluble carboxylatopillar6arene system achieved sustained drug release over 7 days due to stronger host–guest binding, suggesting that the nanovalve tightness further reinforces the desirable release of anticancer agent over a prolonged time at the lesion site.
A theranostic nanoplatform based on a water‐soluble pillararene gated magnetic core–shell metal–organic framework (MOF) is fabricated, incorporating high drug loading capacity, multistimuli responsive drug release, sustained drug release, magnetic resonance imaging synergistic diagnosis, and effective chemotherapy in one pot. Such a facile strategy provides a promising perspective for the construction of a multifunctional MOF‐based theranostic nanoplatform.
The functional composites based on covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and ionic liquids (ILs) have stimulated increasing scientific interest owing to their complementary characteristics and ...cooperative activation. The tailorability and diversity of COFs and ILs render the COFs‐ILs composites with predesignable structures, extendable syntheses, and customizable functionalities. Although the COFs‐ILs composites have a promising development prospect, thus far, reviews regarding COFs‐ILs composites have not been reported. This minireview summarizes the synthetic strategies including ionothermal synthesis and solvothermal synthesis; in addition, the application performances of meritorious COFs‐ILs composites ranging from catalysis, electrochemistry, adsorption and separation, luminescence sensing, and bio‐related analysis are briefly introduced. Furthermore, this minireview briefly emphasizes the opportunities and challenges faced toward rapidly developed but embryonic COFs‐ILs composites. Altogether, it is expected that this minireview will spark the potential development of COFs‐ILs composites from fundamental synthesis to cutting‐edge applications.
Owing to the merits of rigid COFs and soft ILs, COFs‐ILs composites have attracted increasing interest. This minireview summarizes the synthesis strategies of COFs‐ILs composites in terms of ionothermal synthesis and solvothermal synthesis, and introduces its application performances, including catalysis, CO2 adsorption and separation, electrochemistry, luminescence sensing, and bio‐related analysis in order to provide inspiration for embryonic COFs‐ILs composites.
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This review introduces important research progress of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and their applications in the field of gas storage and separation, catalysis, optoelectronics, ...sensing, small molecules adsorption, and drug delivery. Additionally, the challenges and development directions of such materials are discussed.
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are an emerging class of porous covalent organic structures whose backbones were composed of light elements (B, C, N, O, Si) and linked by robust covalent bonds to endow such material with desirable properties, i.e., inherent porosity, well-defined pore aperture, ordered channel structure, large surface area, high stability, and multi-dimension. As expected, the abovementioned properties of COFs broaden the applications of this class of materials in various fields such as gas storage and separation, catalysis, optoelectronics, sensing, small molecules adsorption, and drug delivery. In this review, we outlined the synthesis of COFs and highlighted their applications ranging from the initial gas storage and separation to drug delivery.
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