In this paper, we present an integrated circuit designed for photomultiplier tube (PMT) pulse processing. This circuit was developed for the RICH detector of the AMS experiment. It integrates 16 ...identical channels and has to deal with space environment constraints (low power consumption, radiation hardness). It processes the 16 analog signals coming from anodes of a multianode PMT and the signal coming from a dynode. It integrates a control logic for the multiplexing of the output data. A test mode can be activated for the calibration of each channel. An offset cancellation system has been designed for the dynode channel. This offset cancellation is important in order to avoid thermal drifts and offset spreads.
Results on radiation tolerance of diamond detectors Venturi, N.; Alexopoulos, A.; Bachmair, F. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
08/2018, Volume:
924
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
In sight of the luminosity increase of the High Luminosity-LHC (HL-LHC), most experiments at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are planning upgrades for their innermost layers in the next 5–10 ...years. These upgrades will require more radiation tolerant technologies than exist today. Usage of Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) diamond as detector material is one of the potentially interesting technologies for the upgrade. CVD diamond has been used extensively in the beam condition monitors of BaBar, Belle, CDF and all LHC experiments. Measurements of the radiation tolerance of the highest quality polycrystalline CVD material for a range of proton energies, pions and neutrons obtained with this material are presented. In addition, new results on the evolution of various semiconductor parameters as a function of the dose rate are described.
Diamond detector technology, status and perspectives Kagan, H.; Alexopoulos, A.; Artuso, M. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
06/2018, Volume:
924
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Detectors based on Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) diamond have been used extensively and successfully in beam conditions/beam loss monitors as the innermost detectors in the highest radiation areas ...of Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments. The startup of the LHC in 2015 brought a new milestone where the first polycrystalline CVD (pCVD) diamond pixel modules were installed in an LHC experiment and successfully began operation. The RD42 collaboration at CERN is leading the effort to develop polycrystalline CVD diamond as a material for tracking detectors operating in extreme radiation environments. The status of the RD42 project with emphasis on recent beam test results is presented.
As a possible candidate for extremely radiation tolerant tracking devices we present a novel detector design - namely 3D detectors - based on poly-crystalline CVD diamond sensors with a pixel ...readout. The fabrication of recent 3D detectors as well their results in recent beam tests are presented. We measured the hit efficiency and signal response of two 3D diamond detectors with 50 × 50 μm cell sizes using pixel readout chip technologies currently used at CMS and ATLAS. In all runs, both devices attained efficiencies >98 % in a normal incident test beam of minimum ionising particles. The highest efficiency observed during the beam tests was 99.2 %.
At present most experiments at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are planning upgrades in the next 5-10 years for their innermost tracking layers as well as luminosity monitors to be able to take ...data as the luminosity increases and CERN moves toward the High Luminosity-LHC (HL-LHC). These upgrades will most likely require more radiation tolerant technologies than exist today. As a result this is one area of intense research, and Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) diamond is one such technology. CVD diamond has been used extensively in beam condition monitors as the innermost detectors in the highest radiation areas of all LHC experiments. This talk describes the preliminary radiation tolerance measurements of the highest quality polycrystalline CVD material for a range of proton energies and neutrons obtained with this material with the goal of elucidating the issues that should be addressed for future diamond based detectors. The talk presents the evolution of various semiconductor parameters as a function of dose.
In order to fully exploit the ballistic potential of particle therapy, we propose an online range monitoring concept based on high-resolution Time-Of-Flight (TOF)-resolved Prompt Gamma (PG) detection ...in a single proton counting regime. In a proof of principle experiment, different types of monolithic scintillating gamma detectors are read in time coincidence with a diamond-based beam hodoscope, in order to build TOF spectra of PG generated in a heterogeneous target presenting an air cavity of variable thickness. Since the measurement was carried out at low beam currents (\(<\) 1 proton/bunch) it was possible to reach excellent coincidence time resolutions, of the order of 100 ps (\(\sigma\)). Our goal is to detect possible deviations of the proton range with respect to treatment planning within a few intense irradiation spots at the beginning of the session and then carry on the treatment at standard beam currents. The measurements were limited to 10 mm proton range shift. A Monte Carlo simulation study reproducing the experiment has shown that a 3 mm shift can be detected at 2\(\sigma\) by a single detector of \(\sim 1.4 \times 10^{-3}\) absolute detection efficiency within a single irradiation spot (\(\sim\)10\(^{8}\) protons) and an optimised experimental set-up.
The French national collaboration CLaRyS aims at the on-line monitoring of hadron therapy by means of imaging nuclear reaction products that are related to the ion range. For this purpose, the ...MoniDiam project is dedicated to the development of a large area detector with a high detection efficiency for the primary carbon or proton beams, giving time and position measurements at count rates greater than 100 MHz. High radiation hardness and intrinsic electronic properties make diamonds reliable and very fast detectors with a good signal to noise ratio. Commercial Chemical Vapor Deposited (CVD) diamonds are studied starting with plasma etch thinning and contact metallization done at the LPSC laboratory. Their applicability as particle detector is being investigated using a and β radioactive sources, 95 MeV/u carbon ion beams and short-bunched 8.5 keV photons from the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF). This last facility offers unique capability of highly focused beams, the X-ray energy deposition is continuous along the irradiated detector volume. It permits us to mimic the interaction of single ion beams. The possible application of diamonds as a position sensitive detector will be discussed from these radiation tests results. Finally, we focused on the diamond time response and energy resolution measurements. The reported study prefigures dedicated microelectronics developments.
Diamond is a material in use at many nuclear and high energy facilities due
to its inherent radiation tolerance and ease of use. We have characterized
detectors based on chemical vapor deposition ...(CVD) diamond before and after
proton irradiation. We present preliminary results of the spatial resolution of
unirradiated and irradiated CVD diamond strip sensors. In addition, we measured
the pulse height versus particle rate of unirradiated and irradiated
polycrystalline CVD (pCVD) diamond pad detectors up to a particle flux of
$20\,\mathrm{MHz/cm^2}$ and a fluence up to $4 \times
10^{15}\,n/\mathrm{cm^2}$.
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