Hierarchical carbon framework wrapped Na3V2(PO4)3 (HCF‐NVP) is successfully synthesized through chemical vapor deposition on pure Na3V2(PO4)3 particles. Electrochemical experiments show that the ...HCF‐NVP electrode can deliver a large reversible capacity (115 mA h g−1 at 0.2 C), superior high‐rate rate capability (38 mA h g−1 at 500 C), and ultra‐long cycling stability (54% capacity retention after 20 000 cycles).
Turning on your P/C: An amorphous phosphorus/carbon (a‐P/C) composite was synthesized using simple mechanical ball milling of red phosphorus and conductive carbon powders. This material gave an ...extraordinarily high sodium ion storage capacity of 1764 mA h g−1 (see graph) with a very high rate capability, showing great promise as a high capacity and high rate anode material for sodium ion batteries.
Room-temperature Na-ion batteries have attracted great interest as a low cost and environmentally benign technology for large scale electric energy storage, however their development is hindered by ...the lack of suitable anodic host materials. In this paper, we described a green approach for the synthesis of Sn4P3/C nanocomposite and demonstrated its excellent Na-storage performance as a novel anode of Na-ion batteries. This Sn4P3/C anode can deliver a very high reversible capacity of 850 mA h g–1 with a remarkable rate capability with 50% capacity output at 500 mA g–1 and can also be cycled with 86% capacity retention over 150 cycles due to a synergistic Na-storage mechanism in the Sn4P3 anode, where the Sn nanoparticles act as electronic channels to enable electrochemical activation of the P component, while the elemental P and its sodiated product Na3P serve as a host matrix to alleviate the aggregation of the Sn particles during Na insertion reaction. This mechanism may offer a new approach to create high capacity and cycle-stable alloy anodes for Na-ion batteries and other electrochemical energy storage applications.
A honeycomb layered Na3Ni2SbO6 is synthesized as a cathode for sodium‐ion batteries. This new host material exhibits a high capacity of 117 mA h g−1, a remarkable cyclability with 70% capacity ...retention over 500 cycles at a 2C rate, and a superior rate capability with >75% capacity delivered even at a very high rate of 30 C (6000 mA g−1). These results open a new perspective to develop high‐capacity and high‐rate Na‐ion batteries for widespread electric‐energy‐storage applications.
FePO4 nanospheres are synthesized successfully through a simple chemically induced precipitation method. The nanospheres present a mesoporous amorphous structure. Electrochemical experiments show ...that the FePO4/C electrode demonstrates a high initial discharging capacity of 151 mAh g–1 at 20 mA g–1, stable cyclablilty (94% capacity retention ratio over 160 cycles), as well as high rate capability (44 mAh g–1 at 1000 mA g–1) for Na-ion storage. The superior electrochemical performance of the FePO4/C nanocomposite is due to its particular mesoporous amorphous structure and close contact with the carbon framework, which significantly improve the ionic and electronic transport and intercalation kinetics of Na ions.
Conventional lithium extraction processes are inefficient or inadaptable for application in salt‐lake brines with high Mg/Li ratios of ≥6. A new electrochemical cell, polyaniline (PANI)/LixMn2O4, was ...proposed to solve this problem for selective recovery of Li+ ions from brine water with high impurity cations (K+, Na+, Mg2+, etc). Benefiting from the unique selectivity of spinel LixMn2O4 for Li+ insertion and the high capacity of the PANI polymer for Cl− doping, this PANI/LixMn2O4 cell could simultaneously extract LiCl from a simulated brine with a high average current efficiency of 95 %, an energy consumption of 3.95 W h molLiCl−1, and a strong cycle ability with 70.8 % capacity retention over 200 cycles. In particular, this method avoids the use of additional chemicals, offering a highly efficient, pollution‐free technology for Li+ extraction from brine waters.
Lithium extraction: A new polyaniline (PANI)/LixMn2O4 cell is proposed for the recovery of Li from brines with high Mg/Li ratios. Benefiting from the high selectivity of the spinel LixMn2O4 positive electrode for Li+ insertion and the high efficiency of the PANI negative electrode for the capture of Cl− ions, it offers a potential application for the direct recovery of LiCl from brine lakes with high Mg/Li ratios.
Hard carbon has been regarded as the most promising anode material for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) due to its low cost, high reversible capacity, and low working potential. However, the uncertain ...sodium storage mechanism hinders the rational design and synthesis of high‐performance hard carbon anode materials for practical SIBs. During the past decades, tremendous efforts have been put to stimulate the development of hard carbon materials. In this review, we discuss the recent progress of the study on the sodium storage mechanism of hard carbon anodes, and the effective strategies to improve their sodium storage performance have been summarized. It is anticipated that hard carbon anodes with high electrochemical properties will be inspired and fabricated for large‐scale energy storage applications.
Hard carbon electrode materials have been considered as a state‐of‐the‐art anode material for sodium‐ion batteries. However, the uncertain sodium storage mechanism hinders the development of high‐performance hard carbon anode materials for practical application. Herein, the progress in the sodium storage mechanism of hard carbon anodes and the effective strategies to improve their sodium storage performance are summarized. It is anticipated that this article will facilitate a better understanding of the development of hard carbon anode materials.
Electrochemical conversion reactions of metal oxides provide a new avenue to build high capacity anodes for sodium-ion batteries. However, the poor rate performance and cyclability of these ...conversion anodes remain a significant challenge for Na-ion battery applications because most of the conversion anodes suffer from sluggish kinetics and irreversible structural change during cycles. In this paper, we report an Fe2O3 single crystallites/reduced graphene oxide composite (Fe2O3/rGO), where the Fe2O3 single crystallites with a particle size of ∼300 nm were uniformly anchored on the rGO nanosheets, which provide a highly conductive framework to facilitate electron transport and a flexible matrix to buffer the volume change of the material during cycling. This Fe2O3/rGO composite anode shows a very high reversible capacity of 610 mAh g–1 at 50 mA g–1, a high Coulombic efficiency of 71% at the first cycle, and a strong cyclability with 82% capacity retention after 100 cycles, suggesting a potential feasibility for sodium-ion batteries. More significantly, the present work clearly illustrates that an electrochemical conversion anode can be made with high capacity utilization, strong rate capability, and stable cyclability through appropriately tailoring the lattice structure, particle size, and electronic conduction channels for a simple transition-metal oxide, thus offering abundant selections for development of low-cost and high-performance Na-storage electrodes.
Sodium ion batteries (SIBs) have been considered as a promising alternative for the next generation of electric storage systems due to their similar electrochemistry to Li‐ion batteries and the low ...cost of sodium resources. Exploring appropriate electrode materials with decent electrochemical performance is the key issue for development of sodium ion batteries. Due to the high structural stability, facile reaction mechanism and rich structural diversity, phosphate framework materials have attracted increasing attention as promising electrode materials for sodium ion batteries. Herein, we review the latest advances and progresses in the exploration of phosphate framework materials especially related to single‐phosphates, pyrophosphates and mixed‐phosphates. We provide the detailed and comprehensive understanding of structure–composition–performance relationship of materials and try to show the advantages and disadvantages of the materials for use in SIBs. In addition, some new perspectives about phosphate framework materials for SIBs are also discussed. Phosphate framework materials will be a competitive and attractive choice for use as electrodes in the next‐generation of energy storage devices.
Phosphate framework materials have attracted increasing attention as promising electrode materials for sodium ion batteries. The latest advances and progresses in the exploration of phosphate framework materials are reviewed, especially in relation to single‐phosphates, pyrophosphates and mixed‐phosphates. Phosphate framework materials will be a competitive and attractive choice for use as electrodes in the next‐generation of energy storage devices.
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