The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is the highest plateau in the world, which imposes the intense thermal and dynamical forcings on the atmosphere and then impacts the climate in its surroundings. The TP has ...been undergoing a rapid warming, which accelerates glacial melting, and causes more natural hazards. Although the warming on the TP has been widely investigated, there is no complete picture of its thermal status during the past decades for lack of high-quality, long-term, spatiotemporal-continuous observations. The number of weather stations are rather limited and are mainly located in the east of the TP. The analysis based on these stations is confronted with the spatial representativeness problem. On the other hand, Satellites can monitor the earth seamlessly in space and time, but reliable land surface temperatures (LSTs) have only been available in recent 20 years, and moreover their physical meaning also differs from that of the most commonly used surface air temperatures (SATs). For climate change research, the period length of these satellite LSTs is too short to obtain a definitive conclusion. In this study, the entire algorithm consists of two primary steps. One is to develop an stacking-based ensemble learning algorithm to convert LSTs to SATs with the random forest model as both base learner and meta learner. The other is to construct a Bayesian-based temporal extension algorithm to merge satellite SATs and station SATs to obtain long-term, spatiotemporal-continuous SATs. After validating the reliability of these SATs and the warming trends based on them, 60 years (1961–2020) of SATs on the TP are implemented to examine the warming status of the TP. The spatial pattern of temperature trends illustrates that the warming occurs almost everywhere on the TP, and lots of areas with intensive warming, cannot be detected only based on station observations, especially in the western part of the TP. Similarly, ERA5-Land and CRU datasets underestimate the warming in these areas. The newly-derived warming rate arrives at 0.03 ° C/year and is 50% greater than those computed based on ERA5-Land and CRU dataset, implying an unexpected severe threat to the cryosphere.
•Accurate estimation of SATs from LSTs by developing an ensemble method.•Temporal extension of satellite SATs by merging satellite and station SATs.•Reanalysis and station observations are incapable of capturing TP’s warming status.•Reconstruction of TP’s reliable warming trend and pattern over 1961–2020.•Identification of warming structure with rising elevation in huge mountain ranges.
To compare the accuracy, stability and sample cross-contamination of two independent methods of detecting the percentage of reticulated platelets in peripheral blood and establish a local normal ...reference range so as to provide methodological rationales in clinical laboratory.
The percentages of reticulated platelets in peripheral blood of a healthy population were measured by Sysmex XE-5000 blood cell analyzer with polymethyl oxazine staining and flow cytometer with thiazole orange staining respectively. The correlation between the results of two methods was analyzed by Spearman's nonparametric correlation. Information about stability was obtained from measurements of the percentages of reticulated platelets in peripheral blood at designated time points. The analyses of accuracy, sample cross contamination and local normal reference range were performed routinely.
The coefficient of variation (CV) of data was lower (16.2%) than that from flow cytometer (35.1%). The sample cross-contaminations of two methods
► We determined the prevalence of LRRK2 Pro755Leu in Chinese cohort in mainland China. ► We performed a meta-analysis on Pro755Leu variant in population of Chinese ancestry. ► Pro755Leu rarely ...increased risk for PD in ethnic Chinese population throughout Asia.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease resulting from complex interaction involving genetic and environmental risk factors on background of aging. In terms of genetic risk factors, recent studies provided a growing number of evidence for the idea that certain polymorphisms in familiar Parkinsonism genes may contribute to risk for sporadic PD in populations of specific ethnic backgrounds. To address this issue, a case-control study was conducted to determine the prevalence of LRRK2 Pro755Leu variant in 401 patients with sporadic PD and 398 unrelated healthy controls in Han population from mainland China. Heterozygous LRRK2 Pro755Leu variant was found in four patients and two healthy controls, but no statistical differences in genotypic or allelic frequencies between PD and control groups (genotype: P=0.686; allele: P=0.687) were detected. Furthermore, to evaluate its role in ethnic Chinese population, a meta-analysis was performed on Pro755Leu in population of Chinese ancestry throughout Asia. And it was detected at a similar frequency in PD and control cohort (Z=0.48, P=0.63, odds ratio=1.44, 95% CI: 0.32–6.40). Given these findings, it was quite reasonable to suppose that LRRK2 Pro755Leu variant rarely increased risk for PD in ethnic Chinese population in Asia.
Edaravone (3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one), a newly developed hydroxy radical scavaging agent which has been widely used for protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury is highly effective in ...preventing cell apoptosis. However, the exact intracellular mechanism(s) underlying the protective action of edaravone is not clear. We observed that in PC12 cells cultured under serum deprivation (DEPV) condition, the levels of survivin were positively correlated with the anti-apoptotic action of edaravone. Survivin RNA interference (RNAi) increased DEPV-induced PC12 cell apoptosis, whereas the anti-apoptotic effect of edaravone was blunted by survivin RNAi. Moreover, survivin overexpression provided protection against DEPV-induced PC12 cell apoptosis. Inhibition of ERK and PI₃-K/AKT prevented edaravone's ability to decrease apoptosis and increase survivin. In conclusion, the present study provides the first direct evidence that survivin involves in the anti-apoptotic effects of edaravone via a pathway involving ERK and PI₃-K/AKT.
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been recognized as a serious hazard linked to deleterious health effects. In this study, all PM2.5 Pollution Episodes (PPEs) in Beijing during 2013 were ...investigated with hourly PM2.5 observations from the Olympic Sport Center site, and then their characteristics and evolution modes analysed. Results show that 80 PPEs, covering 209 days, occurred in Beijing during 2013. Average PM2.5 concentrations during PPEs were almost twice (1.86) the annual mean value, although the PPEs showed significant seasonal variations. The most hazardous PPEs tended to occur in winter, whereas PPEs with long duration occurred in autumn. The PPEs could be divided into six clusters based on their compositions of different pollution levels, which were strongly related to meteorological factors. We used series peaks of PM2.5 concentrations to analyse the evolution modes of PPEs and found that the more peaks there were within the evolution mode, the longer the duration, and the higher the average and maximum PM2.5 concentrations. Each peak within a PPE can be identified by "rise" and "fall" patterns. The "rise" patterns are widely related to relative humidity, whereas the "fall" patterns are affected principally by wind speed for one-peak PPEs and boundary layer height for multi-peak PPEs. The peak patterns cannot be explained fully by meteorological factors; however, they might also be closely related to complex and diversified human activities.
Protocols for regeneration and
Agrobacterium
-mediated transformation of the apomictic species
Eulaliopsis binata
were developed. Initially, seeds of four genotypes of
E
.
binata
were incubated on a ...callus induction Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with three concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). It was found that 36.2 % of explants developed highly friable callus on medium containing 3.0 mg l
−1
2,4-D. Based on frequency of callus induction, the genotype Neixiang was selected for regeneration and transformation. Callus incubated on MS basal medium supplemented with 0.2 mg l
−1
α-naphthalene acetic acid and 6.0 mg l
−1
6-furfuryl-aminopurine developed shoots. Subsequently,
Agrobacterium tumefaciens
strain EHA105—harboring a plasmid pCAMBIA1381 carrying a hygromycin phosphotransferase (
hpt
) resistance gene and a synthetic green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene, both driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter—was used for transformation system. Putative transgenic callus was obtained following two cycles of hygromycin selection. Expression of the transgene(s) in putative transgenic callus was analyzed using the GFP detection. Molecular identification of putative transformed shoots was performed by polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot analysis to confirm presence and integration of the
hpt
gene.
The influences of nano-structured thermal stability on the intergranular corrosion (IGC) of Super304H steel were investigated by electrochemical tests and surface analysis in this study. It was found ...that IGC in nano-twinned (NT) Super304H SS during the aging process was governed by the formation of nano-scale M
23
C
6
precipitates, which generated Cr-depletion zones, and fast healing of the Cr-depletion zones due to the rapid infusion of Cr atoms from the matrix. Conversely, the nano-grains (NG) with poor thermal stability could accelerate the nucleation of sigma phase at recrystallizing interfaces after short-time aging at 650 °C, thereby deteriorating the IGC resistance. The thermal stability of the NT structure was superior to that of the NG structure, which preserved the IGC resistance of Super304H SS during the aging process. Therefore, it was critical to keep the SP strain below the saturation value to achieve high thermal stability, good IGC resistance, and suppression of recrystallisation-induced precipitation.
Abstract Tubular injury and oxidative stress are involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Astragaloside IV (ASIV) is a natural antioxidant. The effects and underlying molecular ...mechanisms of ASIV on DKD have not been elucidated. The db/db mice and high‐glucose‐stimulated HK2 cells were used to evaluate the beneficial effects of ASIV in vivo and in vitro. Succinylated proteomics was used to identify novel mechanisms of ASIV against DKD and experimentally further validated. ASIV alleviated renal dysfunction and proteinuria, downregulated fasting blood glucose, and upregulated insulin sensitivity in db/db mice. Meanwhile, ASIV alleviated tubular injury, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, ASIV reversed downregulated 17beta‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 (HSD17B10) lysine succinylation by restoring carnitine palmitoyl‐transferase1alpha (Cpt1a or CPT1A) activity in vivo and in vitro. Molecular docking and cell thermal shift assay revealed that ASIV may bind to CPT1A. Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated K99 succinylation of HSD17B10 maintained mitochondrial RNA ribonuclease P (RNase P) stability. The K99R mutation of HSD17B10 induced oxidative stress and disrupted its binding to CPT1A or mitochondrial ribonuclease P protein 1 (MRPP1). Importantly, ASIV restored the interaction between HSD17B10 and MRPP1 in vivo and in vitro. We also demonstrated that ASIV reversed high‐glucose‐induced impaired RNase P activity in HK2 cells, which was suppressed upon K99R mutation of HSD17B10. These findings suggest that ASIV ameliorates oxidative stress‐associated proximal tubular injury by upregulating CPT1A‐mediated K99 succinylation of HSD17B10 to maintain RNase P activity.
Abstract Objective Chondrocyte apoptosis played a key role on the progression of Osteoarthritis (OA). Safe and effective drugs are urgently needed for the treatment of OA. Previous study reported ...that Astragaloside IV (ASG-IV) had exerted a protective effect against articular cartilage degeneration by promoting rapid proliferation of chondrocyte. Therefore, the aim of our study is to explore the effects and mechanisms of ASG-IV in chondrocyte apoptosis. Methods Isobaric Tags For Relative And Absolute Quantitation (iTRAQ)-based quantitative proteomics was used to quantitatively detect and map proteins in SW1353 chondrocyte-like cells pre-treated with ASG-IV or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or ASG-IV + IL-1β. The iTRAQ-labeled peptides were fractionated by high-accuracy liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). Cell apoptosis and differentially expressed proteins was detected by flow cytometry (FCM), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and western blotting, respectively. Results The apoptosis of the IL-1β-induced SW1353 cells treated with ASG-IV was greatly inhibited. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that gamma actin 1 ( ACTG1 ) and Yes Associated Protein 1 ( YAP1 ), participating in the Hippo signaling pathway and Vitronectin ( VTN ) and Collagen Type I Alpha 1 Chain ( COL1A1 ), involving in the extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction signaling pathway, were all significantly up-regulated in the IL-1β-induced SW1353 cells after treatment with ASG-IV. The qRT-PCR and Western blotting results confirmed the up-regulation of these four genes. Conclusion ASG-IV played a positive role in human osteoarthritic chondrocyte apoptosis, possibly through modulation of the Hippo signaling pathway by up-regulating YAP1 and ACTG1 expression, and also by up-regulating VTN and COL1A1 , which are involved in the ECM-receptor interaction pathway. Taken together, all the results suggested that ASG-IV had a novel therapeutic potential for the treatment of OA.
PDF
