Abstract
The progenitor system of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) is expected to be a close binary system consisting of a carbon/oxygen white dwarf (WD) and a nondegenerate star or another WD. Here, we ...present results from high-cadence monitoring observations of SN 2021hpr in a spiral galaxy, NGC 3147, and constraints on the progenitor system based on its early multicolor light-curve data. First, we classify SN 2021hpr as a normal SN Ia from its long-term photometric and spectroscopic data. More interestingly, we found a significant “early excess” in the light curve over a simple power-law ∼
t
2
evolution. The early light curve evolves from blue to red to blue during the first week. To explain this, we fitted the early part of the
BVRI
-band light curves with a two-component model consisting of ejecta–companion interaction and a simple power-law model. The early excess and its color can be explained by shock-cooling emission due to a companion star having a radius of 8.84 ± 0.58
R
⊙
. We also examined Hubble Space Telescope preexplosion images, finding no detection of a progenitor candidate, consistent with the above result. However, we could not detect signs of a significant amount of stripped mass from a nondegenerate companion star (≲0.003
M
⊙
for H
α
emission). The early excess light in the multiband light curve supports a nondegenerate companion in the progenitor system of SN 2021hpr. At the same time, the nondetection of emission lines opens the door for other methods to explain this event.
Electroencephalogram (EEG) responses and serum metabolite levels were used to investigate the effects of horticultural activities (seed-sowing) on the psychophysiological aspects of adults based on ...the presence or absence of the soil microorganism Streptomyces rimosus. In this case, 31 adults were subjected to seed-sowing activities using S. rimosus inoculated (experimental group) and medium (control group) soils. EEG was measured to analyze the resulting psychophysiological response, and blood samples (5 mL) were collected. The relative gamma power (RG), relative high beta (RHB), and SEF 50 and SEF 90 were significantly higher in the right than in the left occipital lobe (p < 0.05). In both occipital lobes, ratios of SMR to theta (RST), mid beta to theta (RMT), and SMR-mid beta to theta (RSMT) were high (p < 0.05). GC-TOF-MS-based serum metabolite analysis detected 33 metabolites. Compared to the control group, the experimental group showed a lower content of amino acids (except aspartic acid), lipids, and C6 sugar monomers after the activity (p < 0.05). Aminomalonic acid was decreased, and aspartic acid was increased (p < 0.05). This study confirmed a positive effect on improving the concentration and attention of adults when seed-sowing activity was performed using S. rimosus-inoculated soil.
Marketers are taking note by using music and sound to reinforce a brand's identity. Sonic branding involves designing an auditory equivalent of a graphic representation of a brand that embodies the ...brand's essence, attributes and values. This research examines how the use of sonic logos in advertising can aid in inducing positive emotions in consumers in affect-rich decision contexts. Findings demonstrate that sonic logos have the ability to evoke positive emotions, stimulate engagement and enrich the brand experience, especially for those individuals high in emotion-based decision-making. Implications for how sonic branding can aid in enhancing marketing communications are discussed.
Phosphorus plays an indispensable role in energy metabolism, acid-base balance, and genetic substances transfer. As nanotechnology advances, plenty of phosphorus-based nanomaterials have been ...developed and widely used in the fields of biology and medicine. The size and structure of phosphorus-based nanomaterials give them unique physicochemical, optical, and biological properties, greatly increasing the variety of nanomedicine. The excellent properties further promote the applications of phosphorus-based nanomaterials in drug nanocarriers, tumor theranostics, biosensors, and bone formation. In this review, we first introduce the phosphorus science to unify current phosphorus-based nanomaterials and discuss their synthesis methods. Furthermore, the representative nanoplatforms utilizing the corresponding properties are highlighted. Finally, research development, potential challenges, and perspectives for further improvement of phosphorus-based nanomaterials in biomedicines are presented.
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Phosphorus plays an indispensable role in energy metabolism, acid-base balance, and genetic substances transfer. As nanotechnology advances, plenty of phosphorus-based nanoplatforms have been developed and widely used in the fields of biology and medicine. The size and structure of phosphorus-based nanomaterials give them unique physicochemical, optical, and biological properties, greatly increasing the variety of nanomedicine. The excellent properties further promote the applications of phosphorus-based nanomaterials in nanocarriers, tumor theranostics, biosensors, and bone formation. In this review, we first introduce the phosphorus science to unify current phosphorus-based nanomaterials and discuss their synthesis methods, various properties, and corresponding biomedical applications. The marriage of nanotechnology and biomedical fields integrated into the phosphorus-based nanomaterials offers great potential for future clinical management.
Among the vital elements in the body, phosphorus plays an indispensable role in energy metabolism, acid-base balance, and genetic substances transfer. In the new century, significant achievements in the fields of biology and biochemistry are closely related to compounds containing phosphorus and carbon. With the steady advancement of nanotechnology, plenty of phosphorus-based nanoplatforms have been applied to biomedical fields. The unique size and structure of phosphorus-based nanomaterials endow them unique physicochemical properties, greatly facilitating their application in the biomedical field.
The neural circuits of the infant brain are rapidly established near 6 months of age, but neurodevelopmental disorders can be diagnosed only at the age of 2-3 years using existing diagnostic methods. ...Early diagnosis is very important to alleviate life-long disability in patients through appropriate early intervention, and it is imperative to develop new diagnostic methods for early detection of neurodevelopmental disorders. We examined the serum level of secretogranin II (SCG2) in pediatric patients to evaluate its potential role as a biomarker for neurodevelopmental disorders. A plasmonic immunosensor performing an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on a gold nanodot array was developed to detect SCG2 in small volumes of serum. This nanoplasmonic immunosensor combined with tyramide signal amplification was highly sensitive to detect SCG2 in only 5 μL serum samples. The analysis using the nanoplasmonic immunosensor revealed higher serum SCG2 levels in pediatric patients with developmental delay than in the control group. Overexpression or knockdown of SCG2 in hippocampal neurons significantly attenuated dendritic arborization and synaptic formation. These results suggest that dysregulated SCG2 expression impairs neural development. In conclusion, we developed a highly sensitive nanoplasmonic immunosensor to detect serum SCG2, a candidate biomarker for the early diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders.
Alkaline polymer electrolytes (APEs) are essential materials for alkaline energy conversion devices such as anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) and water electrolyzers (AEMWEs). Here, we ...report a series of branched poly(aryl‐co‐aryl piperidinium) with different branching agents (triptycene: highly‐rigid, three‐dimensional structure; triphenylbenzene: planar, two‐dimensional structure) for high‐performance APEs. Among them, triptycene branched APEs showed excellent hydroxide conductivity (193.5 mS cm−1@80 °C), alkaline stability, mechanical properties, and dimensional stability due to the formation of branched network structures, and increased free volume. AEMFCs based on triptycene‐branched APEs reached promising peak power densities of 2.503 and 1.705 W cm−2 at 75/100 % and 30/30 % (anode/cathode) relative humidity, respectively. In addition, the fuel cells can run stably at a current density of 0.6 A cm−2 for 500 h with a low voltage decay rate of 46 μV h−1. Importantly, the related AEMWE achieved unprecedented current densities of 16 A cm−2 and 14.17 A cm−2 (@2 V, 80 °C, 1 M NaOH) using precious and non‐precious metal catalysts, respectively. Moreover, the AEMWE can be stably operated under 1.5 A cm−2 at 60 °C for 2000 h. The excellent results suggest that the triptycene‐branched APEs are promising candidates for future AEMFC and AEMWE applications.
Three‐dimensional and highly rigid triptycene was applied in poly(fluorene/dibenzyl‐co‐aryl piperidinium) as a branching agent for alkaline exchange polyelectrolytes, which shows excellent conductivity, mechanical properties, anti‐swelling ability, and alkaline stability. The water electrolysis performance reaches current densities of 16 and 14.17 A cm−2 using precious and non‐precious catalysts in anode, respectively.
Biotite, also called black mica (BM), is a group of sheet silicate minerals with great potential in various fields. However, synthesis of high‐quality BM nanosheets (NSs) remains a huge challenge. ...Here, an exfoliation approach is provided that combines calcination, n‐butyllithium exchange and intercalation, and liquid exfoliating processes for the high‐yield synthesis of ultrathin BM NSs. Due to the presence of MgO, Fe2O3, and FeO in these NSs, PEGylated BM can be engineered as an intelligent theranostic platform with the following unique features: i) Fe3+ can damage the tumor microenvironment (TME) through glutathione consumption and O2 production; ii) Generated O2 can be further catalyzed by MgO with oxygen vacancy to generate ·O2−; iii) The Fe2+‐catalyzed Fenton reaction can produce ·OH by disproportionation reactions of H2O2 in the TME; iv) Reactions in (i) and (iii) circularly regenerate Fe2+ and Fe3+ for continuous consumption of glutathione and H2O2 and constant production of ·OH and O2; v) The NSs can be triggered by a 650 nm laser to generate ·O2− from O2 as well as by an 808 nm laser to generate local hyperthermia; and vi) The fluorescent, photoacoustic, and photothermal imaging capabilities of the engineered NSs allow for multimodal imaging‐guided breast cancer treatment.
2D black mica (BM)‐based nanosheets (NSs) are fabricated through an exfoliation approach that combines grinding, calcination, n‐butyllithium exchange and intercalation, and liquid exfoliating processes. The nanoplatform based on PEGylated BM NSs exhibits multiple features, such as tumor microenvironment modulation, efficient reactive oxygen species production and photothermal conversion, high tumor site accumulation, good biocompatibility, and multimodal imaging‐guided breast cancer treatment.
Despite the many comorbidities and high mortality rate in preterm infants with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), therapeutic strategies vary depending on the clinical setting, and most studies of the ...related risk factors are based on small sample populations. We aimed to compare the performance of artificial intelligence (AI) analysis with that of conventional analysis to identify risk factors associated with symptomatic PDA (sPDA) in very low birth weight infants. This nationwide cohort study included 8369 very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. The participants were divided into an sPDA group and an asymptomatic PDA or spontaneously close PDA (nPDA) group. The sPDA group was further divided into treated and untreated subgroups. A total of 47 perinatal risk factors were collected and analyzed. Multiple logistic regression was used as a standard analytic tool, and five AI algorithms were used to identify the factors associated with sPDA. Combining a large database of risk factors from nationwide registries and AI techniques achieved higher accuracy and better performance of the PDA prediction tasks, and the ensemble methods showed the best performances.
The rapid development of nanotechnology results in the emergence of nanomedicines, but the effective delivery of drugs to tumor sites remains a great challenge. Prodrug-based cancer nanomedicines ...thus emerged due to their unique advantages, including high drug load efficiency, reduced side effects, efficient targeting, and real-time controllability. A distinctive characteristic of prodrug-based nanomedicines is that they need to be activated by a stimulus or multi-stimulus to produce an anti-tumor effect. A better understanding of various responsive approaches could allow researchers to perceive the mechanism of prodrug-based nanomedicines effectively and further optimize their design strategy. In this review, we highlight the stimuli-responsive pathway of prodrug-based nanomedicines and their anticancer applications. Furthermore, various types of prodrug-based nanomedicines, recent progress and prospects of stimuli-responsive prodrug-based nanomedicines and patient data in the clinical application are also summarized. Additionally, the current development and future challenges of prodrug-based nanomedicines are discussed. We expect that this review will be valuable for readers to gain a deeper understanding of the structure and development of prodrug-based cancer nanomedicines to design rational and effective drugs for clinical use.
Abstract
Background
Oral health condition in adolescence impacts the oral well-being throughout life. This study aimed to determine the association between environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure ...and oral health in adolescents, using nationally representative data.
Methods
Using data from the 2020 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey, we assessed self-reported data on ETS exposure and oral health symptoms in 37,591 non-smoking adolescents. The dependent variables were self-reported oral health symptoms of adolescents (tooth fracture, dental pain, and gum bleeding). ETS exposure was the primary independent variable. Chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to examine these relationships.
Results
ETS exposure was positively associated with oral symptoms compared to no-ETS exposure in adolescents boys, odds ratio (OR) 1.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.46–1.66; girls, OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.41–1.60; individuals with good oral health habits such as frequent tooth brushing boys, three times or more a day, OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.24–1.53 and less soda consumption girls, less than once a day, OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.29–2.33 had a weaker association. ETS exposure was positively associated with dental pain boys, OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.45–1.66; girls, OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.41–1.60 and gum bleeding boys, OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.29–1.58; girls, OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.21–1.44; however, tooth fracture was significantly associated only in girls OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.13–1.45.
Conclusions
ETS in various environments is negatively associated with oral health in adolescents. This association could vary depending on health habits. Sophisticated policies to protect South Korean adolescents from ETS can be developed from these findings.
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