Franchet, which belongs to the family Liliaceae, is an endangered plant native to China. The wild populations of
have been largely reduced by habitat degradation or loss. In our study, we determined ...the whole chloroplast genome sequence for
and compared its structure with other
(including
) species. The chloroplast genome of
is a circular structure and 152,784 bp in length. The large single copy and small single copy is 82,429 bp and 17,533 bp in size, respectively, and the inverted repeats are 26,411 bp in size. The
chloroplast genome contains 116 different genes, including 78 protein coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, 4 rRNA genes, and 4 pseudogenes. There were 51 SSRs detected in the
chloroplast genome sequence. Genic comparison among
with other
(including
) chloroplast genomes shows that the sequence lengths and gene contents show little variation, the only differences being in three pseudogenes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that
was a sister species to
. Overall, this study, providing
genomic resources and the comparative analysis of
chloroplast genomes, will be beneficial for the evolutionary study and phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus
, molecular barcoding in population genetics.
•Both the tensile strength and plasticity of the CrMnFeCoNi high-entropy alloy were enhanced significantly at high strain rates.•High strain rate embrittlement effect of CrMnFeCoNi high-entropy alloy ...is suppressed.•Cooperation of twins and dislocations is the crucial mechanism for the synchronous enhancement of strength and plasticity in this alloy under dynamic tension.•A thermo-viscoplastic dynamic constitutive model based on dislocation and twin evolution was developed.
High-entropy alloys (HEAs), recently emerging alloy materials with numerous excellent performances, may have a wide application prospect in impact engineering. However, previous research regarding the mechanical behavior of HEAs has primarily focused on quasi-static testing, whereas the dynamic mechanical behavior of HEAs at high strain rates remains elusive. In this paper, the unusual simultaneous strength-plasticity enhancement and the inhibition of the high strain rate embrittlement of CrMnFeCoNi HEA in impact tension were revealed via split Hopkinson tensile bar (SHTB) with high-speed photography. Quantitative microstructural analysis indicates that the cooperation of twins and dislocations is the crucial mechanism for the synchronous enhancement of strength-plasticity in this alloy under impact tension. A thermo-viscoplastic constitutive model based on dislocations and twins evolution was developed to describe dynamic mechanical behavior. The high plastic hardening under dynamic tension was revealed to be induced by high dislocation forest hardening and strong resistance of twins to dislocation motion. The excellent combination of dynamic strength-plasticity of CrMnFeCoNi HEA makes it becoming a promising candidate for impact engineering applications.
Summary
Aims
To investigate the critical role of Tim‐3 in the polarization of microglia in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)‐induced secondary brain injury (SBI).
Methods
An in vivo ICH model was ...established by autologous whole blood injection into the right basal ganglia in rats. The primary cultured microglia were treated with oxygen‐hemoglobin (OxyHb) to mimic ICH in vitro. In this experiment, specific siRNA for Tim‐3 and recombinant human TIM‐3 were exploited both in vivo and in vitro.
Results
Tim‐3 was increased in the brain after ICH, which mainly distributed in microglia, but not neurons and astrocytes. However, the blockade of Tim‐3 by siRNA markedly reduced secretion of inflammatory factors, neuronal degeneration, neuronal cell death, and brain edema. Meanwhile, downregulation of Tim‐3 promoted the transformation of microglia phenotype from M1 to M2 after ICH. Furthermore, upregulation of Tim‐3 can increase the interaction between Tim‐3 and Galectin‐9 (Gal‐9) and activate Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR‐4) pathway after ICH. Increasing the expression of Tim‐3 may be related to the activation of HIF‐1α.
Conclusion
Tim‐3 may be an important link between neuroinflammation and microglia polarization through Tim‐3/Gal‐9 and TLR‐4 signaling pathways which induced SBI after ICH.
Background
Stroke is a leading cause of long‐term disability worldwide. However, current therapies that promote functional recovery from stroke are limited to physical rehabilitation. No ...pharmacological therapy is available. Thus, understanding the role of histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) in the pathophysiological process of stroke‐induced functional loss may provide a novel strategy for stroke recovery.
Methods and Results
Focal stroke was induced by photothrombosis. LV‐HDAC2‐shRNA‐GFP, LV‐GFP, Ad‐HDAC2‐Flag, or Ad‐inactive‐HDAC2‐Flag was microinjected into the peri‐infarct area immediately after stroke. HDAC inhibitors were microinjected into the peri‐infarct area 4 to 10 days after stroke. Grid‐walking task and cylinder task were conducted to assess motor function. Golgi‐Cox staining, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and electrophysiology were used to reveal the mechanisms underlying stroke recovery. Knockdown or knockout of HDAC2 promoted stroke recovery, whereas overexpression of HDAC2 worsened stroke‐induced functional impairment. More importantly, trichostatin A, a pan‐HDAC inhibitor, promoted functional recovery from stroke in WT mice when used in the delayed phase, but it was ineffective in Hdac2 conditional knockout (Hdac2 CKO) mice. Treatment with suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, a selective HDAC1 and HDAC2 inhibitor, in the delayed phase of stroke produced sustained functional recovery in mice via epigenetically enhancing neuroplasticity of surviving neurons in the peri‐infarct zone.
Conclusions
Our novel findings provide evidence that HDAC2 is a crucial target for functional recovery from stroke. As there are clinically available HDAC inhibitors, our findings could be directly translated into clinical research of stroke.
Summary
In neurons, increased protein–protein interactions between neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and its carboxy‐terminal PDZ ligand (CAPON) contribute to excitotoxicity and abnormal ...dendritic spine development, both of which are involved in the development of Alzheimer's disease. In models of Alzheimer's disease, increased nNOS–CAPON interaction was detected after treatment with amyloid‐β in vitro, and a similar change was found in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice (a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease), compared with age‐matched background mice in vivo. After blocking the nNOS–CAPON interaction, memory was rescued in 4‐month‐old APP/PS1 mice, and dendritic impairments were ameliorated both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, we demonstrated that S‐nitrosylation of Dexras1 and inhibition of the ERK–CREB–BDNF pathway might be downstream of the nNOS–CAPON interaction.
We investigate the dynamics of atomic and molecular Bose–Einstein condensates via nonlinearly dressed states. Under the resonance-locking condition, we add a correction for an initial Hamiltonian to ...construct the dressed states with only second-order nonlinearity. Compared to the nonlinear stimulated Raman adiabatic passage, atomic-molecular conversion in our protocol is realized by following the dressed states instead of the dark state, thus it can produce a fast conversion passage. Furthermore, we introduce a control parameter to reduce the occupancy of the excited molecule state, and the conversion efficiency can be improved significantly by increasing the value of this parameter.
Functionalizing the redox-active tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) core with groups capable of coordination to metals provides new perspectives on the modulation of architectures and electronic properties of ...organic–inorganic hybrid materials. With a view to extending this concept, we have now synthesized nickel bis(dithiolene-dibenzoic acid), Ni(C2S2(C6H4COOH)2)2, which can be considered as the inorganic analogue of the organic tetrathiafulvalene-tetrabenzoic acid (H4TTFTB). Likewise, Ni(C2S2(C6H4COOH)2)2 is a redox-active linker for new functional metal–organic frameworks, as demonstrated here with the synthesis of Mn2{Ni(C2S2(C6H4COO)2)2}(H2O)2·2DMF, (1, DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide). 1 is isomorphic to the reported Mn2(TTFTB)(H2O)2 (2) but is a better electrochemical glucose sensor due to the multiple oxidation–reduction states of the NiS4 core, which allow glucose to be oxidized to glucolactone by the high oxidation state NiS4 center. As a non-enzymatic glucose sensor, 1 on Cu foam (CF), 1-CF, was synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal method and exhibited an excellent electrochemical performance. The fabricated 1-CF electrode offers a high sensitivity of 27.9 A M–1 cm–2, with a wide linear detection range from 2.0 × 10–6 to 2.0 × 10–3 M, a low detection limit of 1.0 × 10–7 M (signal/noise = 3), and satisfactory stability and reproducibility.
•HOTAIR is upregulated in AML blasts.•HOTAIR facilitates proliferation.•HOTAIR modulates c-KIT.•High expression of HOTAIR predicts poor outcome.
HOTAIR is significantly overexpressed in various ...cancers and facilitates tumor invasion and metastasis. However, whether HOTAIR plays oncogenic roles in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is still unknown. Here, we report that HOTAIR expression was obviously increased in leukemic cell lines and primary AML blasts. Clinically, AML patients with higher HOTAIR predicted worse clinical outcome compared with those with lower HOTAIR. Importantly, HOTAIR knockdown by small hairpin RNA inhibited cell growth, induced apoptosis, and decreased number of colony formation. Finally, HOTAIR modulated c-KIT expression by competitively binding miR-193a. Collectively, our data suggest that HOTAIR plays an important oncogenic role in AML and might serve as a marker for AML prognosis and a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
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