The present study determined whether luteolin induces HT-29 colon cancer cell death through an antioxidant effect such as the activation of antioxidant enzymes. Luteolin decreased cell viability in ...human colon cancer cells (HT-29), whereas it had no effect on normal colon cells (FHC). Luteolin induced apoptosis by activating the mitochondria-mediated caspase pathway in HT-29 cells. Luteolin caused loss of the mitochondrial membrane action potential, increased mitochondrial Ca2+ level, upregulated Bax, downregulated Bcl-2, induced the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to the cytosol, and increased the levels of the active forms of caspase-9 and caspase-3. Luteolin-induced apoptosis was accompanied by the activation of intracellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species scavenging through the activation of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase and catalase in HT-29 cells. Luteolin increased the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) and the expression of GSH synthetase, which catalyzes the second step of GSH biosynthesis. The apoptotic effect of luteolin was mediated by the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. The present results indicate that luteolin induces apoptosis by promoting antioxidant activity and activating MAPK signaling in human colon cancer cells.
Understanding how occupations change their judgments about organizations has important consequences for occupations themselves, organizations, and ultimately for institutional change. Collectively ...held judgments about the value of specific organizational forms are difficult to change because occupations share normative understandings about what is good practice and discriminate across organizations based on this knowledge. Given the difficulty of changing collectively held judgments in occupational communities, the question asked in this article is: How does normative judgment change about organizations develop within an occupational community? We investigate how judgement change occurs in an occupational community in the context of the television broadcasting sector in South Korea. We study how producers in public broadcasters changed their respective judgments about public broadcasters and new commercial broadcasters. Producers found expressing judgment change difficult initially, yet judgment change among more experienced producers enabled it to spread among rank-and-file producers, ultimately leading to an “exodus” of producers from public broadcasters. Findings suggest that occupational members at different stages of their careers play distinct roles in bringing about collective judgment change in occupations. Our study highlights the importance of normative judgments by expert occupations as an impactful means by which occupations can withdraw cooperation or sever their relationship with organizations. The article also contributes to the study of occupational communities in creative industries.
While culture is beginning to be understood as a mechanism of stratification in the labor market alongside attribute-based discrimination, we lack a corresponding understanding of how skilled ...migrants deal with their otherness in the labor market. This article seeks to contribute to an understanding of the lived experiences of skilled migrants by identifying the material and social consequences of performing extra work to obtain cultural legitimacy. In contrast to the recent focus on understanding cultural others’ responses to pressures for conformity in terms of identity conflict, this study identifies the context in which cultural legitimacy is required and constructed, both in terms of macro-societal and institutional influences on identity regulation within organizations as well as interactional dynamics and power relations. Based on interviews with migrants in the field of accounting and finance in Australia, I draw out the main features of ‘cultural work’ and show the potential consequences of not performing cultural work as well as the means of migrants’ resistance against pressures for conformity.
Despite the vast amount of scholarship covering the progressive turn in unions in the US and in Europe and a widespread recognition that it has been driven by the staff working for reformed unions ...there has been no examination of the causes, beliefs, and identities that new generations of staff bring into the labor movement. The question asked in this article is how personal projects – defined as a motivational narrative for social action – held by progressively minded union staff can impact inclusiveness in unions. A key focus is how staff's personal projects interact with organizational structures and practices. The study finds that personal projects vary in terms of the way that staff construct role boundaries in their jobs to invest more in certain roles than, others which also affected their investment in skills development. These strategies have theoretical implications for understanding the nexus between staff careers and organizational outcomes in unions in particular and in ‘social movement organizations’ more generally. Results also have practical implications for skills development and knowledge transfers within and across organizations, as well as for union capacities to deal with competing goals.
Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox factor-1 (
) is a multifunctional protein involved in DNA repair and redox regulation. The redox activity of
is involved in inflammatory responses and ...regulation of DNA binding of transcription factors related to cell survival pathways. However, the effect of
on adipogenic transcription factor regulation remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of
on the regulation of adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. During adipocyte differentiation,
expression significantly decreased with the increased expression of adipogenic transcription factors such as CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (
)-
and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (
)-
, and the adipocyte differentiation marker adipocyte protein 2 (
) in a time-dependent manner. However,
overexpression inhibited
,
and
expression, which was upregulated during adipocyte differentiation. In contrast, silencing
or redox inhibition of
using E3330 increased the mRNA and protein levels of
,
, and
during adipocyte differentiation. These results suggest that
inhibits adipocyte differentiation by regulating adipogenic transcription factors, suggesting that
is a potential therapeutic target for regulating adipocyte differentiation.
Global expansion in the boundaries of professional work, the introduction of managerial concepts and thinking, and changes in the organizational form of professional service firms all impact the ...process by which professionals come to identify with their profession. The focus of this paper is on transnational professional careers and professional identity development, which remain an under-researched aspect of how globalization affects the professions. Based on original survey data from Australia, we chart the influence of social and organizational contexts on professional identity development for migrant and local accounting professionals respectively. Findings suggest that unlike the “boundaryless” opportunities associated with globe-trotting professionals, the majority of professional migrants are significantly constrained by the organizational and inter-subjective settings in which they work. Theoretically, we extend the concept of professional identity development to include not only formative early career experiences, but also large institutional jolts such as those provided by migration. Findings also help expand current understandings of organizations as sites of professionalization by shedding light on their impact on transnational careers.
Lycopene epsilon-cyclase (LcyE) is a key enzyme in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway of higher plants. Using the CRSPR/Cas9 and the geminiviral replicon, we optimized a method for targeted ...mutagenesis and golden SNP replacement of the LcyE gene in rice. We have exploited the geminiviral replicon amplification as a means to provide a large amount of donor template for the repair of a CRISPR-Cas-induced DNA double-strand break (DSB) in the target gene via homology-directed repair (HDR). Mutagenesis experiments performed on the Donggin variety achieved precise modification of the LcyE loci with an efficiency of up to 90%. In HDR experiments, our target was the LcyE allele (LcyE-H523L) derived from anther culture containing a golden SNP replacement. The phenotype of the homologous recombination (HR) mutant obtained through the geminiviral replicon-based template delivery system was tangerine color, and the frequency was 1.32% of the transformed calli. In addition, the total carotenoid content of the LcyEsg2-HDR1 and LcyEsg2-HDR2 lines was 6.8–9.6 times higher than that of the wild-type (WT) calli, respectively. The reactive oxygen species content was lower in the LcyEsg2-HDR1 and LcyEsg2-HDR2 lines. These results indicate that efficient HDR can be achieved in the golden SNP replacement using a single and modular configuration applicable to different rice targets and other crops. This work demonstrates the potential to replace all genes with elite alleles within one generation and greatly expands our ability to improve agriculturally important traits.
In the past few decades, scholarship on immigrant workers has produced two contrasting images that remain theoretically unresolved. In the 1970s and 1980s, low-wage immigrant workers were viewed as ...target earners whose attachment to jobs in the US was seen as temporary. By contrast, recent scholarship has depicted immigrant workers as a potent social force whose quest for dignity and full societal membership is seen as having galvanized a moribund labour movement. This study draws from the lived experience of low-wage immigrant workers to examine how they relate to their socio-economic circumstances, and what, if anything, motivates their resistance to the status quo. Analysing interview data from immigrant workers in janitorial and nursing assistant occupations in the US, I delineate how workers construct dignity by reframing the meaning of work, transferring aspirations for social mobility to their children, and resisting stereotypes of immigrant workers to generate dignified collective identities. I conclude with a discussion that aims to shed light on the contrasting and contentious views of immigrant workers and their position in the American labour movement.
•Expired industrial C. glutamicum strains were examined for the production 5-AVA.•Recombinant C. glutamicum efficiently produced 5-AVA from glucose.•Pretreatment process of Miscanthus was ...developed.•Miscanthus hydrolysate solution was examined for the production of 5-AVA in recombinant C. glutamicum.•Recombinant C. glutamicum efficiently produced 5-AVA from Miscanthus hydrolysate solution.
This study examined nine expired industrial Corynebacterium glutamicum strains with high lysine producing capability for enhanced production of 5-AVA. C. glutamicum KCTC 1857 exhibiting the highest lysine production was transformed with either original Pseudomonas putida davBA genes, encoding the 5-AVA biosynthesis pathway, or C. glutamicum codon-optimized davBA genes. C. glutamicum KCTC 1857 expressing the original genes had superior cell viability and 5-AVA production capability compared to the other strain. This strain produced 39.93g/L of 5-AVA, which is the highest titer reported to date in fed-batch fermentation from glucose. Indeed, Miscanthus hydrolysate solution prepared from a novel process, comprising pretreatment, hydrolysis, purification, and concentration, was used as feedstock for 5-AVA production. A total of 12.51g/L 5-AVA was produced from the Miscanthus hydrolysate; this value is 34.7% higher than that obtained from glucose in batch fermentation.
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