The plant-specific TCP transcription factors play different functions in multiple processes of plant growth and development. TCP family genes have been identified in several plant species, but no ...comprehensive analysis of the TCP family in grapevine has been undertaken to date, especially their roles in fruit development.
A total of 18 non-redundant grapevine TCP (VvTCP) genes distributing on 11 chromosomes were identified. Phylogenetic and structural analysis showed that VvTCP genes were divided into two main classes - class I and class II. The Class II genes were further classified into two subclasses, the CIN subclass and the CYC/TB1 subclass. Segmental duplication was a predominant duplication event which caused the expansion of VvTCP genes. The cis-acting elements analysis and tissue-specific expression patterns of VvTCP genes demonstrated that these VvTCP genes might play important roles in plant growth and development. Expression patterns of VvTCP genes during fruit development and ripening were analyzed by RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR. Among them, 11 VvTCP genes were down-regulated during different fruit developmental stages, while only one VvTCP genes were up-regulated, suggesting that most VvTCP genes were probably related to early development in grapevine fruit. Futhermore, the expression of most VvTCP genes can be inhibited by drought and waterlogging stresses.
Our study establishes the first genome-wide analysis of the grapevine TCP gene family and provides valuable information for understanding the classification and functions of the TCP genes in grapevine.
Abstract
Color is an important trait for horticultural crops. Carotenoids are one of the main pigments for coloration and have important implications for photosynthesis in plants and benefits for ...human health. Here, we identified an APETALA2 (AP2)/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (ERF) transcription factor named MdAP2-34 in apple (
Malus domestica
Borkh.).
MdAP2-34
expression exhibited a close correlation with carotenoid content in ‘Benin Shogun’ and ‘Yanfu 3’ fruit flesh. MdAP2-34 promotes carotenoid accumulation in MdAP2-34-OVX transgenic apple calli and fruits by participating in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway. The major carotenoid contents of phytoene and β-carotene were much higher in overexpressing MdAP2-34 transgenic calli and fruit skin, yet the predominant compound of lutein showed no obvious difference, indicating that MdAP2-34 regulates phytoene and β-carotene accumulation but not lutein.
MdPSY2-1
(phytoene synthase 2) is a major gene in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway in apple fruit, and the
MdPSY2-1
gene is directly bound and transcriptionally activated by MdAP2-34. In addition, overexpressing
MdPSY2-1
in apple calli mainly increases phytoene and total carotenoid contents. Our findings will advance and extend our understanding of the complex molecular mechanisms of carotenoid biosynthesis in apple, and this research is valuable for accelerating the apple breeding process.
The B-BOX (BBX) proteins are the class of zinc-finger transcription factors and can regulate plant growth, development, and endure stress response. In plants, the BBX gene family has been identified ...in Arabidopsis, rice, and tomato. However, no systematic analysis of BBX genes has been undertaken in grapevine.
In this study, 24 grapevine BBX (VvBBX) genes were identified by comprehensive bioinformatics analysis. Subsequently, the chromosomal localizations, gene structure, conserved domains, phylogenetic relationship, gene duplication, and cis-acting elements were analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis divided VvBBX genes into five subgroups. Numerous cis-acting elements related to plant development, hormone and/or stress responses were identified in the promoter of the VvBBX genes. The tissue-specific expressional dynamics of VvBBX genes demonstrated that VvBBXs might play important role in plant growth and development. The transcript analysis from transcriptome data and qRT-PCR inferred that 11 VvBBX genes were down-regulated in different fruit developmental stages, while three VvBBX genes were up-regulated. It is also speculated that VvBBX genes might be involved in multiple hormone signaling (ABA, ethylene, GA3, and CPPU) as transcriptional regulators to modulate berry development and ripening. VvBBX22 seems to be responsive to multiple hormone signaling, including ABA, ethylene GA3, and CPPU. Some VvBBX genes were strongly induced by Cu, salt, waterlogging, and drought stress treatment. Furthermore, the expression of VvBBX22 proposed its involvement in multiple functions, including leaf senescence, abiotic stress responses, fruit development, and hormone response.
Our results will provide the reference for functional studies of BBX gene family, and highlight its functions in grapevine berry development and ripening. The results will help us to better understand the complexity of the BBX gene family in abiotic stress tolerance and provide valuable information for future functional characterization of specific genes in grapevine.
In order to regulate the surface properties of calcined kaolinite for the purpose of achieving uniform distribution within various polar dispersion media, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and phenyl ...glycidyl ether were employed to chemically modify calcined kaolinite. The grafting rate, surface properties, and dispersion properties of calcined kaolinite particles in different polar organic media were changed by varying the dosage of the modifiers. FT-IR analysis confirmed successful surface modification, while thermogravimetric analysis indicated a maximum graft coverage of 18.44 μmol/m2 for the modified particles. Contact angle measurements and particle size distribution analyses demonstrated the effective adjustment of surface characteristics by the modifiers. Specifically, at a mass ratio of 1.0 of modifier to kaolinite particles, the modified particles exhibited a contact angle of around 125°, achieving uniform dispersion in different polarity media. Particle size distribution ranged from 1600 nm to 2100 nm in cyclohexane and petroleum ether, and from 900 nm to 1200 nm in dioxane, ethyl acetate, and DMF, showcasing a significant improvement in dispersion performance compared to unmodified particles. Concurrently, to improve the mechanical properties of PBAT, modified particles were incorporated into the PBAT matrix, and the effect of modified particle addition on the tensile strength and fracture tensile rate of the composites was investigated. The optimal amount of modified particles is 6 wt.%~8 wt.%. This article aims at synthesizing modifier molecules containing different hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups to chemically graft onto the surface of calcined kaolinite. The hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups on the modified particles can adapt to dispersed systems of different polarities and achieve good distribution within them. The modified particles are added to PBAT to achieve good compatibility and enhance the mechanical properties of the composite material.
As a star two-dimensional material, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) shows a good potential in the field of electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) due to its low price, special physicochemical ...properties and a small theoretical Gibbs free energy of hydrogen adsorption. However, some disadvantages such as poor electroconductivity and inert basal planes hinder its further improvement of HER activity. Therefore, adopting carbon materials with good electrical conductivity and large specific surface area to composite with MoS2 is one of the popular strategies to improve the electrical conductivity and increase the exposure of catalytically active sites for constructing highly efficient MoS2-based electrocatalysts. Herein, in this review, we firstly gave a brief introduction of the MoS2 structure and the basic HER principle. Then, the synthesis method, catalytic performance and reaction mechanism of utilizing different carbon materials to improve the HER activity of MoS2 were summarized in detail. Finally, the existing problems and future opportunities for preparing highly active and low cost electrocatalysts assisted by carbon materials are prospected.
Display omitted
Due to the rarity of gold as a noble metal, efficient and selective Au (III) ions adsorption is critical for gold recovery. Since gold is thiophilic, in this paper, a new covalent thiourea organic ...polymer (CTOP) was prepared by introducing thiourea reactive groups into the covalent organic polymer of enaminone and applied to the adsorption of Au (III) ions in aqueous solution. The synthesis of the new material was confirmed by SEM, TEM, XRD, and XPS tests. Thanks to the abundant thiourea chelating sites in the CTOP, the total adsorption capacity of the material for Au (III) ions is up to 2372.7 mg/g. In addition, in mixed ionic solutions containing Au (III), Cu (II), Co (II), Cd (II), and Ni (II), it has strong selective adsorption performance for Au (III). It is worth mentioning that the CTOP material still maintains high adsorption performance after five adsorption cycles, which proves that the adsorption material has good reusability. The adsorption kinetics were investigated using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models, and the results showed that the adsorption was chemisorption. According to the experimental results of adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics, the adsorption process of CTOP for Au (III) ions conforms to the quasi-secondary adsorption model and the Langmuir adsorption model. We believe that the study of efficient adsorption of Au (III) ions by this new covalent thiourea organic polymer is of great significance for the development of gold recovery technology.
NaY zeolite was synthesized from kaolin/dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) intercalation composites using an in situ crystallization technique. The effects of the intercalation ratios and the amounts of the ...kaolin/DMSO intercalation composite on the synthesis of an NaY zeolite molecular sieve were studied. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis, N2 adsorption-desorption and scanning electron microscopy. In the in situ synthesis system, when the kaolin/DMSO intercalation composite was added, pure NaY zeolite was formed. By increasing the amount of kaolin/DMSO intercalation composite added, the crystallinity of the samples increased, and after reaching the maximum amount of kaolin/DMSO intercalation composite added, the crystallinity decreased with further increases of the amount of kaolin/DMSO intercalation composite added. To higher intercalation ratio, the crystallinity can be greatly improved at the lower addition content. At an intercalation ratio of 84%, the added amount of kaolin/DMSO intercalation composite was 2.5% and the crystallinity of the NaY zeolite molecular sieve reached a maximum value of 45%. At intercalation ratios of 55% and 22%, the amount of kaolin/DMSO intercalation composite added was 15% and the crystallinities of the NaY zeolite molecular sieves were 44% and 47%, respectively. The NaY zeolite has good thermal stability and a particle diameter of ∼0.5 µm. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface area and pore volume of the sample were 519 m2 g-1 and 0.355 cm3 g-1, respectively.
Monoterpenes are typical aroma components of muscat grape cultivars, providing pleasant floral and fruity aromas to grapes and wines. However, the molecular mechanism of monoterpene biosynthesis ...between muscat and non-muscat grape remains unclear. Here, the muscat grape cultivar ‘Jumeigui’ and the non-muscat grape cultivar ‘Kyoho’ were chosen as plant materials for a comprehensive transcriptome and metabolite analysis. The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis demonstrated that a total of 27 and 23 monoterpene compounds were identified and quantified in the ‘Jumeigui’ and ‘Kyoho’ grape, respectively. ‘Jumeigui’ grape accumulated significantly higher concentrations of monoterpenes than ‘Kyoho’ grape. Furthermore, geraniol, linalool, geranic acid, and β-citronellol might be important odorants contributing to the floral character of the ‘Jumeigui’ grape due to the high levels odor activity values (OAVs). Transcriptome analysis demonstrated that the expression profiles of VvDXS, VvGGPPS.SSU1, VvTPS-b/g showed a positive correlation with monoterpene accumulation in grapes. In addition, the expression patterns of the genes involved in jasmonic acid (JA) synthesis and signal were also positively correlated with monoterpene accumulation. All these results will help guide the functional verification of candidate genes related to monoterpene biosynthesis, as well as identify the master transcriptional and hormonal regulators of this pathway in grapes.
In this paper, we reported the preparation of poly(methylhydrosiloxane) (PMHS)/SiO2 hybrid particles by mechanochemical method based on high energy ball milling (HEBM). The obtained hybrid particles ...were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, 29Si CP (cross-polarization) MAS NMR, viscosity measurement, particle size distribution, thermal analysis (TGA, DSC and DTG), static contact angle (CA), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). FT-IR and 29Si CP MAS NMR spectra indicate that PMHS is chemically anchored onto the surface of nano-SiO2. Viscosity measurement, particle size distribution, FE-SEM and TEM demonstrate that an appropriate grafting density optimizes the dispersion of nanoparticles in poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) matrix, so lower viscosity can be achieved. Too high or too low grafting density may only achieve suboptimal and poor dispersions. The optimum grafting density of PMHS on nano-SiO2 was determined by thermal analysis, with approximately 0.0531PMHS/nm2. Static contact angle measurement indicates that the water contact angle of hybrid particles is modulated by changing the grafting density of PMHS on nano-SiO2. The CA value of PMHS/SiO2 hybrid with optimum grafting density is 139.4 degree , and the highest CA value of PMHS/SiO2 hybrid is approximately 158.2 degree .
•Calcined kaolinite particles were modified with 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane and dodecylamine via stepwise modification method.•The final modified particles were more compatible with various ...organic solvents with the aid of multilayer coverage grafted on these particle surfaces.•The final modified particles can be homogeneously dispersed in both polar and low polar solvents.
The chemical modification of calcined kaolinite particle surface via stepwise method using 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPS) and dodecylamine was investigated. Silylation of kaolinite particles was controlled by varying the amount of GPS under almost anhydrous condition. FT-IR and thermal analysis indicated that silylation monolayer coverage on kaolinite particle surface increased with the increasing of the amount of additive GPS, reaching a maximum value of 8.81μmol/m2 when the mass ratio of kaolinite to GPS was up to 1:1. Further modification of the silylated kaolinite particle surfaces was accomplished using the modifier synthesized by the ring-open reaction of GPS and dodecylamine to form multilayer branches at the presence of H2O (pH=12). The final modified kaolinite particle surfaces contained both hydrophobic long alkyl chains and hydrophilic groups, which were advantageous to homogeneous dispersion in low polar as well as polar solvents, respectively. Digital photographs and TEM images revealed that the final modified kaolinite particles were homogeneously dispersed in acetone, dioxane, ethanol, and THF, even better than raw kaolinite dispersed in ethanol. Meanwhile, the dispersion properties in low polar solvents such as xylene, cyclohexane and petroleum ether were also acceptable, and the aggregate particle size was near to primary particle size of raw kaolinite, or just a bit larger, increasing from 1.25 to 1.75–2.00μm.
PDF
