This study aimed to examine the latent profile of nurses' mental workload (MWL) and explore the influencing factors via a person-centred approach.
From March to July 2023, a quantitative ...cross-sectional study was carried out to investigate 526 Chinese clinical nurses from five tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province, China, by using demographic information, the Perceived Social Support Scale, Simplified Coping Skill Questionnaire, and NASA-Task Load Index. Latent profile analyses were performed using Mplus 7.3 software. Pearson’s chi-squared and logistic regression analysis was done using SPSS 24.0 software.
Three profiles of mental workload were identified based on the nurses’ responses to the mental workload assessment, designated as “low MWL-high self-rated (n = 70, 13.3%)”, “moderate MWL (n = 273, 51.9%)”, and “high MWL-low self-rated (n = 183, 34.8%)”. Based on the analysis of the three subtypes, nurses with working years < 5 years (χ2 = 12.135, P < 0.05), no children (χ2 = 16.182, P < 0.01), monthly income < 6000 (χ2 = 55.231, P < 0.001), poor health status (χ2 = 39.658, P < 0.001), no psychological training in the past year (χ2 = 56.329, P < 0.001) and suffering from workplace violence (χ2 = 19.803, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with MWL. Moreover, the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that negative coping styles (OR = 1.146, 95% CI: 1.060–1.238, P = 0.001) were accompanied by higher MWL while negatively associated with perceived social support (OR = 0.927, 95% CI: 0.900–0.955, P < 0.001).
Our results showed that the MWL of nurses could be classified into three subtypes. Monthly income, health status, psychological training, workplace violence, negative coping style, and perceived social support were the factors influencing MWL. Managers can employ personalised intervention strategies according to the individual characteristics of different subgroups to reduce nurses’ MWL.
Aims
The aim of this study was to assess the level of mental workload of Chinese nurses through a latent profile analysis and to explore its relationship with public health emergency response ...capacity.
Design
A cross‐sectional design with a convenience sample.
Methods
A convenience sample of nurses from five tertiary hospitals in Chengdu between May and December 2022. Demographic, work‐related information, Nurse's version of NASA's Task Load Index Scale and Nurse's Public Health Emergency Response Capacity Scale were used in this study.
Results
The mean scores for mental workload and emergency response capacity for nurses were (57.19 ± 15.67) and (3.58 ± 0.77) respectively. We found that the mental workload of nurses fell into three potential categories. In addition, there were differences in psychological training and supply of epidemic prevention materials in the department among nurses with different mental workload subtypes. There was a moderate negative correlation between nurses' mental workload and public health emergency response capacity.
Conclusion
Our results show that there is still a strong mental workload on a proportion of nurses, and enhanced psychological training and material supply support are beneficial in relieving nurses' mental workload. The better the nurses' capacity to cope with public health emergencies, the lower their mental workload.
Impact
Nursing managers should pay ongoing attention to the mental workload status of nurses in the latter stages of a pandemic and individual differences in nurses' mental workload. In addition, nursing managers should be aware of the impact of public health emergency response capacity on nurses' mental workload. They can intervene in nurses mental workload from a new perspective.
Patient or Public Contribution
560 registered nurses participated in this study.
Aim
The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the levels and influencing factors of mental workload in intensive care unit nurses.
Background
Intensive care unit nurses have a high ...mental workload level. To our knowledge, no meta‐analytic research investigating the levels of mental workload in intensive care unit nurses and related factors has yet been performed.
Design
This article is a systematic review and meta‐analysis.
Methods
Eleven electronic databases were searched from the database setup dates until 31 December 2022. The research team independently conducted study selection, quality assessments, data extractions and analysis of all included studies. The PRISMA guideline was used to guide reportage of the systematic review and meta‐analysis.
Results
Seventeen studies were included. In these studies, the pooled mean score of mental workload was 68.07 (95%CI:64.39–71.75). Furthermore, subgroup analyses indicated that intensive care unit nurses' mental workload differed significantly by countries, sample size and publication year. The mental workload influential factors considered were demographic, work‐related and psychological factors.
Conclusion
Hospital administrators should develop interventions to reduce mental workload to enhance the mental health of intensive care unit nurses and nursing care quality. Hospital managers should pay attention to the mental health of nurses and guide them to correctly relieve occupational stress and reduce mental workload.
Summary statement
What is already known about this topic?
The prevalence of mental workload among ICU nurses is higher than in other departments in hospital.
There are no published systematic review and meta‐analysis studies that synthesize the current evidence.
What this paper adds?
This review estimated overall mental workload scores, which indicated that ICU nurses have a high level of mental workload.
The levels of mental workload among ICU nurses may be influenced by multiple factors, classified for this review in terms of demographic, work‐related and psychological factors.
The implications of this paper:
Demographic, work‐related and psychological variables should be taken into account in developing comprehensive interventions to reduce nurses' mental workload.
Similar meta‐analyses in the future can evaluate other healthcare workers and those in other regions to determine in what departments the level of mental workload is high.
The aim was to determine the overall levels and related factors of mental workload assessed using the NASA-TLX tool among nurses.
Mental workload is a key element that affects nursing performance. ...However, there exists no review regarding mental workload assessed using the NASA-TLX tool, focusing on nurses.
A systematic review and meta-analysis.
PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Scopus, CINAHL, CNKI, CBM, Weipu and WanFang databases were searched from 1 January 1998 to 30 February 2022.
Following the PRISMA statement recommendations, review methods resulted in 31 quantitative studies retained for inclusion which were evaluated with the evaluation criteria for observational studies as recommended by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. The data were pooled and a random-effects meta-analysis conducted.
Findings showed the pooled mental workload score was 65.24, and the pooled prevalence of high mental workload was 54%. Subgroup analysis indicated nurses in developing countries and emergency departments experienced higher mental workloads, and the mental workloads of front-line nurses increased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic.
These findings highlight that nurses experience high mental workloads as assessed using the NASA-TLX tool and there is an urgent need to explore interventions to decrease their mental workloads.
Compassion fatigue is defined as a detrimental consequence of experiencing work-related stress among nurses, which can affect the job performance and harm emotional and physical health. The high risk ...of compassion fatigue among nurses may be even more severe in China. Although several studies have explored the prevalence and factors of compassion fatigue among Chinese nurses, most data derived merely from the specialty units of the hospital or limited samples, and there is a large heterogeneity among studies. Thus, it is indispensable to systematically summarize the risk factors and prevalence of compassion fatigue among clinical nurse in China.
Two reviewers will independently conduct comprehensively searches in 9 electronic databases including PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), EMBASE, Web of science, MEDLINE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang and Chinese Biological Medical Database (CBM) with no search date restriction. Cross-sectional and prospective cohort studies that described the prevalence and factors of Chinese nurses compassion fatigue will be eligible for inclusion. The risk of bias and methodological quality of individual study will be assessed using an adapted quality assessment tool from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Stata 16.0 software will be used for meta-analysis.
The primary outcome will be the prevalence of 3 dimension of compassion fatigue in Chinese nurses. The secondary outcomes will be comparisons of compassion fatigue scores among Chinese nurse of different education background, marital status, employment forms and professional titles.
This overview will contribute to reveal the prevalence and influencing factors in compassion fatigue among Chinese nurses and provide a scientific evidence for the prediction and prevention in compassion fatigue.
The registration DOI is 10.17605/OSF.IO/V34X6.
Academic procrastination is common among college students, which affects their learning status and even their physical and mental health. Rumination, psychological capital, and academic ...procrastination are closely related, but for nursing students, there are few studies reporting on their levels and relationships.
The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of rumination, psychological capital, and academic procrastination among nursing students, and examine the mediating role of psychological capital in rumination and academic procrastination.
A cross-sectional study.
The study sampled three medical colleges in Sichuan Province, China.
A convenience sampling method was used to select 556 nursing students from April to June 2023.
556 nursing students were asked to complete questionnaires regarding social-demographic information, rumination, psychological capital, and academic procrastination. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis and structural equation model were used in this study.
The scores of rumination, psychological capital, and academic procrastination among nursing students were 46.08 ± 13.61, 108.28 ± 19.50 and 55.32 ± 12.30, respectively. Additionally, structural equation modeling showed that psychological capital mediated the relationship between rumination and academic procrastination with the partial mediating effect of 0.425.
Our results suggest that nursing students exhibit moderate levels of rumination, psychological capital and academic procrastination. Moreover, rumination can not only directly affect academic procrastination, but also indirectly through psychological capital. Nursing educators should strengthen their attention to the mental health and learning status of nursing students, take measures to help them adapt to campus life, alleviate rumination, enrich psychological capital, and reduce the risk of academic procrastination.
•Nursing students exhibited moderate levels of rumination.•Nursing students exhibited moderate levels of psychological capital.•Nursing students exhibited moderate levels of academic procrastination.•Rumination, psychological capital, and academic procrastination were related.•Psychological capital mediated the effect of rumination on academic procrastination.
Aim
To systematically evaluate the available literature about overall levels of psychological capital among nurses.
Background
Psychological capital is described as a positive mental state associated ...with nurses’ mental health, quality of care and patient outcomes.
Methods
A search was carried out using PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library and Chinese Database, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biological Medical (CBM), WanFang and Weipu Database from the inception of the databases until October 2021. Subsequently, two researchers identified and reviewed the literature and assessed the risk of bias. A random‐effects model was conducted to achieve pooled estimates of psychological capital scales.
Results
The pooled mean score of the psychological capital scale was 4.21 (95% CI, 4.07–4.35). For subdimensions such as hope, optimism, self‐efficacy and resilience, the score was 4.12 (95% CI, 4.11–4.12), 4.34 (95% CI, 4.34–4.34), 4.50 (95% CI, 4.50–4.51) and 4.34 (95% CI, 4.33–4.34), respectively. Subgroup analyses indicated that nurses practising in Asia and intensive care units might have experienced lower psychological capital levels. In addition, significant differences were noted in studies with sample size and publication year. Studies with a large sample size reported a higher psychological capital than those with a small sample size. The pooled mean scores of psychological capital were higher in 2014–2018 than in 2019–2021. Meta‐regression further revealed that geographic regions of participants might be a source of heterogeneity, and the Asian region had 32.23% of the heterogeneity between studies, and the African region had 18.71%.
Conclusion
This review is the first to synthesize published research and calculate a pooled score of psychological capital in nurses. These findings indicated that nurses reported a medium–high level of psychological capital, and there was significant heterogeneity.
Implications for nursing policy
Administrators and policymakers should concentrate on nurses’ psychological capital and tactically integrate psychological capital into nursing vocational training programs.
Background
The urgency and risk of clinical nursing may cause nurses to experience traumatic stress, but it may also lead to posttraumatic growth. However, no study has comprehensively analyzed the ...prevalence of posttraumatic growth among nurses using a unified outcome measure and a validated assessment tool.
Aim
This study aims to systematically assess the prevalence and factors of posttraumatic growth among nurses based on the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI).
Methods
Ten databases, including The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Springerlink, Embase, Chinese Biomedical (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang, and VIP databases, were searched as of December 31, 2022. The prevalence of posttraumatic growth was pooled using Stata 17.0 software. The PRISMA guideline was used to report the systematic review and meta‐analysis. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022365620.
Results
A total of 30 studies were included in this systematic review and meta‐analysis, consisting of 14,022 nurses worldwide from four countries. In our study, the pooled mean score of posttraumatic growth among nurses was 66.34 (95% CI: 61.25–71.43). From 2015 to 2022, nurses’ posttraumatic growth levels gradually increased. In addition, Turkey nurses have the lowest posttraumatic growth levelnurses who experienced workplace violence have a lower posttraumatic growth level compared with other nurses; while nurses aged over 30 and male have higher posttraumatic growth levels.
Conclusions
While several studies on the prevalence of posttraumatic growth among nurses have been published, the reported data are quite different. Our systematic review and meta‐analysis found that nurses’ posttraumatic growth level was “moderate,” and nurses’ posttraumatic growth may vary based on publication year, country, traumatic event, age, and gender.
Implications for nursing and health policy
Our findings may provide a theoretical basis for hospital administrators and policy makers to scientifically manage human resources, comprehensively evaluate nurses’ mental health, and promote nurses’ posttraumatic growth in different traumatic events, which is conducive to the formulation and implementation of relevant policy guidelines.
Aims
To examine relationships between psychological capital, work engagement and organisational citizenship behaviour among nurses.
Background
Psychological capital, work engagement and ...organisational citizenship behaviour are all positive variables associated with work. Clarifying the relationship between the variables can help nursing managers implement tailored and effective intervention strategies to improve individual and organisational performance and quality of care.
Design
A quantitative cross‐sectional study was designed.
Methods
The study was carried out from June 2021 to September 2021 in Sichuan Province, China. A total of 606 nurses working at six tertiary hospitals were selected with convenience sampling. Participants were investigated using demographic, work‐related information questionnaire, Psychological Capital Questionnaire, Utrecht Work Engagement Scale and Organizational Citizenship Behavior Questionnaire.
Results
The scores of psychological capital, work engagement and organisational citizenship behaviour were 102.56 ± 15.47, 67.96 ± 21.71 and 101.57 ± 11.57, respectively. The multiple linear regression model explained 7.3% of the total variance in organisational citizenship behaviour related to demographic and work‐related factors. There was a significant positive correlation between psychological capital, work engagement and nurses' organisational citizenship behaviour. Additionally, structural equation modeling showed that work engagement mediated the relationship between psychological capital and organisational citizenship behaviour with the partial mediating effect of 0.093. The final model explained 28% of organisational citizenship behaviour.
Conclusion
Our results suggest that both psychological capital and work engagement are facilitators for organisational citizenship behaviour in nurses. Managers can increase nurses' organisational citizenship behaviour through developing psychological capital and improving the work engagement.
Implications for nursing management
This study indicates that both psychological capital and work engagement are protective factors of organisational citizenship behaviour, which provide proof for optimizing human resources management from a positive psychology perspective. Our finding can help managers correctly understand the mechanism of the relationship among work engagement, psychological capital and organisational citizenship behaviour and adopt effective intervention strategies to promote nurses' organisational citizenship behaviour.
Abstract
Aim
To determine the psychological capital level of nurses and explore the latent profiles of nurses regarding their psychological capital scores.
Background
The use of individual‐centered ...analysis for the connotation of nurses' psychological capital structure is less studied and still needs to be further explored.
Methods
By the convenience sampling method, 494 clinical nurses from 7 general hospitals in Sichuan province were selected. The study was conducted from December 2022 to February 2023. Latent profile analysis was used for data analysis. We followed STROBE guidelines in this research.
Results
The total mean score of nurses' psychological capital is 5.17 (SD = 0.8). The following four latent profiles were identified: “poor” (4.5%), “medium” (22.9%), “well‐off” (41.5%), and “rich” (31.1%). Multiple logistic regression showed that the number of hours worked per day and the number of night shifts per month were negative predictors of psychological capital, and psychological training and job satisfaction were protective factors of psychological capital.
Discussion
Our study found that the four profiles can be distinguished by “poor,” “well‐off,” “medium,” and “rich” levels of psychological capital. Among them, more than 70% of the nurses belonged to the well‐off and rich profiles, and the number of the poor profile was the lowest.
Conclusion
The overall psychological capital of clinical nurses is at a medium–high level. Each profile is influenced by multiple sociodemographic factors (i.e., age, working hours, monthly income, psychological training, and job satisfaction).
Implications for nursing and health policy
Administrators should develop enhancement strategies to improve the mental health of nurses based on the characteristics of their psychological capital profiles.
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