Aberrant ubiquitination contributes to cancer development, including thyroid carcinoma. The present study assessed the expression of ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase 47 (USP47) and underlying ...molecular events in the development of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). The effects of USP47 on PTC cell invasion and migration were analyzed by Transwell assays, while. the effects of USP47 and SATB1on PTC cell gene expression and changes in tumor cell metabolism were assayed by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, western bolt, or ELISA, respectively. The expression of USP47 mRNA and protein was upregulated in PTC tissue and associated with the PTC tumor size. Knockdown of USP47 expression in PTC cell lines (TPC-1 and K1), decreased the cell proliferation mobility and invasion capacities, whereas USP47 overexpression in these cell lines showed an inverse effect and promoted cell glycolysis and glutamine metabolism. Moreover, expression of special AT-rich sequence-binding protein-1 (SATB1) was high in PTC tissue and was associated with USP47 expression. SATB1 expression promoted tumor cell glycolysis and glutamine metabolism, while USP47 protein bound to and deubiquitinated SATB1 to increase its intracellular levels, thus promoting glycolysis and glutamine metabolism. USP47 promotion of PTC development may be due to its stabilization of SATB1 protein, suggesting that targeting the USP47/SATB1 signaling axis may serve as a therapeutic intervention for PTC. Key words: papillary thyroid carcinoma, ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase 47, special AT-rich sequence-binding protein-1, Warburg effect, glutamine metabolism
The brushless DC motor (BLDCM) speed control system has various kinds of uncertainties, such as reference speed mutation, noise and parameters change, etc. However, proportional integral (PI) control ...method used widely cannot handle the uncertainties in the control system well. A novel discrete adaptive control with Multiple-Step-Guess (MSG) estimation for BLDCM speed control system is proposed in this contribution. MSG estimation is firstly developed and applied in BLDCM speed control system, which estimate the BLDCM model parameters online with only five steps history information sampled from the input signal and output signal. The tracking adaptive control law is designed to ensure the speed can track reference speed rapidly and accurately. Compared with PI control and recursive least square adaptive control (RLSAC), extensive simulations verify that the BLDCM speed response under MSG adaptive control (MSGAC) has better dynamic and steady state performance in the case of reference speed mutation and BLDCM parameters change. Simulation results illustrate that the novel proposed method is effective and robust for uncertainties of BLDCM speed control system.
Summary
In this paper, a novel characteristic–based penalty (CBP) scheme for the finite‐element method (FEM) is proposed to solve 2‐dimensional incompressible laminar flow. This new CBP scheme ...employs the characteristic‐Galerkin method to stabilize the convective oscillation. To mitigate the incompressible constraint, the selective reduced integration (SRI) and the recently proposed selective node–based smoothed FEM (SNS‐FEM) are used for the 4‐node quadrilateral element (CBP‐Q4SRI) and the 3‐node triangular element (CBP‐T3SNS), respectively. Meanwhile, the reduced integration (RI) for Q4 element (CBP‐Q4RI) and NS‐FEM for T3 element (CBP‐T3NS) with CBP scheme are also investigated. The quasi‐implicit CBP scheme is applied to allow a large time step for sufficient large penalty parameters. Due to the absences of pressure degree of freedoms, the quasi‐implicit CBP‐FEM has higher efficiency than quasi‐implicit CBS‐FEM. In this paper, the CBP‐Q4SRI has been verified and validated with high accuracy, stability, and fast convergence. Unexpectedly, CBP‐Q4RI is of no instability, high accuracy, and even slightly faster convergence than CBP‐Q4SRI. For unstructured T3 elements, CBP‐T3SNS also shows high accuracy and good convergence but with pressure oscillation using a large penalty parameter; CBP‐T3NS produces oscillated wrong velocity and pressure results. In addition, the applicable ranges of penalty parameter for different proposed methods have been investigated.
The emerging interest in fluoride-removal from wastewater has attracted attention to zeolite since it has been considered as a natural adsorbent. However, the fluoride-removal efficiency of natural ...zeolite is generally low. As part of the effort to improve the zeolite adsorption efficiency, we have produced and tested the Mn-Ti modified zeolite. In the current work, the material preparation is discussed, and prepared materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. Both static and dynamic experiments were conducted to examine the effects of independent variables. In the static adsorption section, sensitivity analysis experiments were conducted for independent variables, such as adsorbent dosage, pH, temperature, and competitive ions. The maximum adsorption capacity is 2.175 mg/g, which was obtained at PH = 7, temperature = 25 °C, and initial fluoride concentration = 10 mg/L. For adsorption kinetics, both Lagergren and Pseudo-second order models predict the experiments very well, which probably demonstrates that the current process is a combination of physical sorption and chemisorption. For adsorption isotherms, the Freundlich model performs better than the Langmuir model since it is usually applied to illustrate adsorption on inhomogeneous surfaces. In the dynamic adsorption section, sensitivity analysis experiments were also conducted for independent variables, such as adsorbent thickness, flow velocity, initial fluoride concentration, and PH. Additionally, the adsorption mechanism is also discussed. The main reason is the hydrated metal fluoride precipitate formation. As we know, the current work provides the first quantified comparison of the natural zeolite and the Mn-Ti modified zeolite regarding fluoride-removal efficiency.
Effects of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) on hematology and hematopoiesis might vary with different PEMF parameters. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible effects of PEMF ...exposure at different pulses on hematologic and hematopoietic parameters in mice. Groups of male BALB/c mice were whole body exposed or were sham exposed (control) to PEMF at 100, 1000, and 10000 pulses. After PEMF exposure, blood samples and bone marrow cells of mice were collected for hematologic examinations, bone marrow nucleated cell counting, colony-forming units of granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) colony assay, and serum granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) assay. Compared with the control group, white blood cells (WBC) and lymphocytes (LYM) in the 100 and 1000 pulses exposed groups were significantly increased but not changed in the 10000 pulses exposed group. Red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), and platelets (PLT) were not changed in all exposed groups. There was no significant difference in mouse bone marrow nucleated cell number between the control group and each exposed group 7 days after PEMF exposure. The CFU-GM clone number of bone marrow cells and serum GM-CSF level were significantly increased in the 100 and 1000 pulses exposed group but not changed in the 10000 pulses exposed group. Our results indicated that the PEMF exposure at fewer pulses may induce statistically significant alterations in some hematologic and hematopoietic parameters of mice but no changes can be found in the more pulses PEMF-exposed groups.
•SmPR10 exhibited high similarity to PtPR10 and SpPR10, and localized in the cytoplasm of Arabidopsis protoplasts.•SmPR10 expression was specific to roots and was up-regulated in roots by salt ...stress.•Heterogeneous overexpression of SmPR10 enhanced Na+ uptake capacity and the salt tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis plants by analysis of physiological indices.
Pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins are involved in plant defense and have multiple functional adaptations that assist in resisting various pathogens and tolerating environmental stress. Salix matsudana Koidz, a deciduous, rapidly growing willow species, can tolerate a range of adverse conditions. Comparative proteomic analysis previously revealed that the S. matsudana PR protein SmPR10 was abundant and up-regulated with 100mM NaCl treatment. In this study, the SmPR10 gene from S. matsudana was cloned and characterized to determine its role in salt tolerance. The amino acid sequence of SmPR10 showed 98% and 93% sequence homology with PR proteins from S. purpurea and Populus trichocarpa, respectively. SmPR10 was localized in the cytoplasm of Arabidopsis protoplasts. SmPR10 transcript and protein levels were high in roots, and its expression was up-regulated in roots treated with 100mM NaCl. SmPR10 was detected specifically in phloem fiber cells and root xylem by immunolocalization analysis. Moreover, heterogeneous overexpression of SmPR10 enhanced the salt tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis plants as shown by analysis of root length, root number, and Na+ flux, as well as physiological parameters such as chlorophyll content, MDA content, electrical conductivity, and SOD and POD enzyme activity levels. Our results reveal that SmPR10 plays an important role in salt tolerance and could serve as an important candidate gene to improve salt tolerance in woody species through genetic engineering.
•Al and Co3O4 were employed to fabricated nano Al2O3 reinforce Al matrix composite.•High density dislocation has been found around the nano γ-Al2O3 particles.•The submicron Al9Co2 particles can ...restrict the grain boundary moving.•The best addition amount of γ-Al2O3 is 0.6 vol%.
The nanometer and uniform distributed in-situ γ-Al2O3 particles reinforced aluminum matrix composites have been successfully fabricated in the Al-Co3O4 components at 850 °C by means of direct melt reaction method. The microstructure and properties of composites were investigated. The nanometer γ-Al2O3 distributes uniformly in the matrix and is assumed as γ-Al2O3 that is a stable phase of Al2O3 when the temperature is lower than 1000 °C. The Al/γ-Al2O3 interface is clean with certain matching degree. High density dislocation has been found around the nano γ-Al2O3 particles. At the grain boundary the submicron Al9Co2 particles exist, which can restrict the grain boundary moving. The tensile properties of 0.6 vol% γ-Al2O3 sample arrives at utmost while the 0.8 vol% sample decrease a lot due to the particle agglomeration.
A Cry1Ac-resistant strain (Bt-R) of
Helicoverpa armigera, with 2971-fold resistance, was derived by selection with Cry1Ac toxin for 75 generations. We used cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism ...analysis to identify those genes differentially expressed in the Cry1Ac-resistant and -susceptible strains, which revealed 212 differentially expressed transcripts among 2000 screened cDNAs. Among these transcript-derived fragments (TDFs), 37 showed some homology to known sequences, including Aminopeptidase N (APN), which is expressed in the midgut epithelium and has been implicated as a Cry1A subfamily receptor in several moths, including
H. armigera. We confirmed the TDF by RT-PCR and identified a deletion mutation of
apn1 in the Bt-R strain. We expressed the TDF in bacteria. The partial HaAPN1-96S wild-type protein, bound to Cry1Ac on ligand blots, whereas HaAPN1-BtR did not. This suggested that HaAPN1 is a receptor for Bt Cry1Ac and that its deletion mutation is associated with Cry1Ac resistance in
H. armigera. The absence of one binding site is responsible for its resistance to Cry1Ac. We developed an allele-specific PCR to monitor whether the
apn1 gene in an
H. armigera field population produced a similar mutation. No deleted mutants were found in 2250 individuals collected from the field in 2006–2007.
BackgroundSubstantial variations in the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and its subtypes have been reported, although mostly in geographically defined developed countries and regions. ...Less is known about MCI and its subtypes in rural areas of less developed central China.AimsThe study aimed to compare the prevalence of MCI and its subtypes in residents aged 65 years or older in urban and rural areas of Hubei Province, China.MethodsParticipants aged 65 years or older were recruited between 2018 and 2019. Inperson structured interviews and clinical and neuropsychological assessments were performed at city health community centres and township hospitals.ResultsAmong 2644 participants without dementia, 735 had MCI, resulting in a prevalence of 27.8% for total MCI, 20.9% for amnestic MCI (aMCI) and 6.9% for non-amnestic MCI (naMCI). The prevalence of MCI in urban and rural areas was 20.2% and 44.1%, respectively. After adjusting for demographic factors, the prevalence of total MCI, aMCI and naMCI differed significantly between rural and urban areas (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.10, 1.44 and 3.76, respectively). Subgroup analysis revealed an association between rural socioeconomic and lifestyle disadvantage and MCI and its subtypes.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the prevalence of MCI among urban residents in central China is consistent with that in other metropolis areas, such as Shanghai, but the prevalence in rural areas is twice that in urban areas. Prospective studies and dementia prevention in China should focus on rural areas.
A good understanding of the response of photosynthesis rate (
) and transpiration rate (
) to stomatal alteration during the diurnal variations is important to cumulative photosynthetic production ...and water loss of crops. Six wheat genotypes were studied for 2 years with pot cultivation in rain-shelter. Among different genotypes, stomatal conductance (
) was significantly correlated with both
and
. But for each genotype, though
was significantly correlated with
regardless of relative air humidity (RH) status and it was also significantly correlated with
under lower RH (LRH, 15.4%) and moderate RH (MRH, 28.3%), it was not correlated with
under higher RH (HRH, 36.7%) during the diurnal changes. The conditional correlation between
and
of wheat evoked new thinking on the relationships among
,
and
. Path analysis was further carried out to clarify the correlations of
with the four atmospheric factors, that of
with
and the four factors and the direct and indirect effects of the factors, during their diurnal dynamic variation. The effects of these factors on
or
were related to RH. All the four factors had a much higher correlation with
under HRH than that under LRH and MRH. Air temperature (
) had a rather higher direct effect than RH and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Also, the other factors had a much higher indirect effect on
through vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and T. Transpiration rate was highly correlated with
under LRH and MRH, with
having a higher direct effect on it. In comparison,
was not correlated with
under HRH but highly correlated with the atmospheric factors, with T, RH, and PAR having a higher indirect effect through VPD.
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