Infrared pedestrian detection has important theoretical research value and a wide range of application scenarios. Because of its special imaging method, infrared images can be used for pedestrian ...detection at night and in severe weather conditions. However, the lack of pedestrian feature information in infrared images and the small scale of pedestrian objects makes it difficult for detection networks to extract feature information and accurately detect small-scale pedestrians. To address these issues, this paper proposes an infrared pedestrian detection network based on YOLOv5, named IPD-Net. Firstly, an adaptive feature extraction module (AFEM) is designed in the backbone network section, in which a residual structure with stepwise selective kernel was included to enable the model to better extract feature information under different sizes of the receptive field. Secondly, a coordinate attention feature pyramid network (CA-FPN) is designed to enhance the deep feature map with location information through the coordinate attention module, so that the network gains better capability of object localization. Finally, shallow information is introduced into the feature fusion network to improve the detection accuracy of weak and small objects. Experimental results on the large infrared image dataset ZUT show that the mean Average Precision (mAP50) of our model is improved by 3.6% compared to that of YOLOv5s. In addition, IPD-Net shows various degrees of accuracy improvement compared to other excellent methods.
As an outstanding method for ocean monitoring, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has received much attention from scholars in recent years. With the rapid advances in the field of SAR technology and ...image processing, significant progress has also been made in ship detection in SAR images. When dealing with large-scale ships on a wide sea surface, most existing algorithms can achieve great detection results. However, small ships in SAR images contain little feature information. It is difficult to differentiate them from the background clutter, and there is the problem of a low detection rate and high false alarms. To improve the detection accuracy for small ships, we propose an efficient ship detection model based on YOLOX, named YOLO-Ship Detection (YOLO-SD). First, Multi-Scale Convolution (MSC) is proposed to fuse feature information at different scales so as to resolve the problem of unbalanced semantic information in the lower layer and improve the ability of feature extraction. Further, the Feature Transformer Module (FTM) is designed to capture global features and link them to the context for the purpose of optimizing high-layer semantic information and ultimately achieving excellent detection performance. A large number of experiments on the HRSID and LS-SSDD-v1.0 datasets show that YOLO-SD achieves a better detection performance than the baseline YOLOX. Compared with other excellent object detection models, YOLO-SD still has an edge in terms of overall performance.
Context: Lutein (LU) is a major carotenoid with various pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptosis.
Objective: The cardioprotective efficacy of LU was ...determined by evaluating the biochemical and histopathological changes in isoproterenol (ISO) induced myocardial infarction (MI) rat model.
Materials and methods: Healthy male albino rats (n = 40) were segregated into 4 equal groups. Group I (control) rats were administered with olive oil, Group II (LU) rats were orally pre-treated with only 40 mg of LU for 28 days, Group III (MI induced) rats were injected (subcutaneously; s.c) with 85 mg/kg of ISO for 2 consecutive days, whereas Group IV (LU + ISO) rats were pre-treated with 40 mg of LU for 28 days before ISO induction.
Results: ISO-induced group showed increased infarct size and cardiac/inflammatory/apoptotic markers. However, pre-treatment with LU (28 days) considerably reduced (p < 0.01) the infarct size (14%), lipid peroxidation product (MDA;42%), cardiac markers (lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), cardiac troponin T (cTn T), inflammatory markers IL-1β, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), nuclear factor kappa B p65 subunit (NF-κB p65) and apoptotic markers (caspase-3 and -9). Also, LU significantly improved (p < 0.01) the antioxidants catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as markedly upregulated (p < 0.01) the protein expression of HO-1 and Nrf2. Moreover, LU considerably reversed all the histopathological changes and thus exhibits its cardioprotective activity.
Conclusion: LU exhibits potent cardioprotective activity against ISO-induced cardiotoxicity and might be recommended with standard cardioprotective agents for treating various MI-related complications.
A series of novel fluorinated alicyclic-functionalized polyimides (FPI-x) were prepared from a new alicyclic-functionalized diamine, 1,3-bis ...((4-amino-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxylmethylene)-1,2,2-trimethyl cyclopentane (BAFMT), which was derivated from natural-(D)-camphor via multi-step process. The influence of the presence of the alicyclic and fluorinated structure on the general properties of the polymers was systematically investigated in terms of optical, thermal and mechanical properties, solubility and hydrophobicity, rendering the general structure–properties relationships for the FPI-x. Compared with the analogous control aromatic polyimide NPI-x, FPI-x shows better solubility, improved optical transparency, lower moisture absorption and surface energy, owing to the presence of the fluorine-containing group and alicyclic structure in the polymer chain. Although presenting a slight decrease as compared with NPI-x, the good thermal stability of polyimide was retained on the large in the fluorinated alicyclic-functionalized polymer FPI-x, with Tg ranging in 197–233 °C and Td5 ranging in 374–420 °C. A particular research emphasis were placed on employing the dielectric relaxation technique to study the dielectric constant (ε′), dielectric loss (ε″) and electric modulus (M″) of the fluorinated alicyclic-functionalized polyimide film FPI-4 and its control sample NPI-4. The observed dielectric relaxations have been fully studied by integrating the contributions of the specific structure and functional groups. It is revealed that the presence of fluorinated alicyclic-functionalized group endows FPI-4 with lower dielectric constant ε′ (2.88 at 1 MHz and 25 °C) and dielectric loss ε″ (0.0058 at 1 Hz and 25 °C) than NPI-4 (3.49 and 0.0084) and commercial Kapton HN (3.19 and 0.006) with the same measurement frequency and temperature.
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In group decision-making problems with reciprocal preference relations, the process of improving individual consistency and consensus degree among decision-makers is dynamic and iter ative. ...Traditional automatic consensus-reaching process has some problems, such as adopting a fixed strategy in a deterministic environment without considering the dynamics of the decision-making environment, the destruction of individual consistency, etc. To solve these problems, an adaptive consensus-reaching model in a dynamic environment is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a Q-learning algorithm is used to build an environment model for different decision-making states of matrix modification. On the premise of modifying the preference matrix with a small matrix deviation, the optimal modification strategy is learned to improve the consensus degree among decision-makers. Second, we propose a method to control individual consistency in the process of consensus reaching by using a reward function. Finally, several numerical examples are used to illustrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed algorithm. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm significantly improves the consensus degree of the decision-makers in a small matrix deviation and ensures that the decision-maker's individual consistency is not destroyed.
•The Big Five traits predicted everyday personality and affect states in five cultures.•Individuals manifested the positive poles of the Big Five traits more in situations with greater autonomy.•The ...relationships between traits and positive affect were generally fully mediated by personality states.•Cultural differences in the strength of the trait-state relationships were limited.•Cultural differences were not due to individualism–collectivism, dialecticism, or cultural tightness.
Consistent with trait theory and the density distributions approach (Fleeson, 2001), the Big Five traits predicted personality and affect states across 20days in five cultures. Perceived autonomy in everyday situations did not moderate the strength of the trait-state relationships, but individuals manifested the positive pole of the Big Five traits more in situations in which they perceived greater autonomy. Consistent with the dynamic mediation model (Wilt, Noftle, Fleeson, & Spain, 2012), the relationships between trait extraversion, agreeableness, and openness to experience and positive affect states were generally fully mediated by the associated personality states. Cultural differences in the strength of the trait-state relationships were limited and were not accounted for by cultural differences in individualism–collectivism, dialecticism, or tightness.
Spindle cell hemangioma is a rare benign hemangioma. It is mainly found as small soft tissue nodules in the distal extremities, especially in the hands. The manifestation in bone is extremely rare. ...We present a case of spindle cell hemangioma of bone in the frontal bone. We also reviewed the literature to find the common imaging findings of intraosseous hamangiomas. The main manifestations of X-ray and CT were osteolytic lesions with soap bubble-like changes, and soft tissue mass formation. Magnetic resonance imaging mainly showed a lobulated mass with clear boundary, uneven hyperintense on T2WI, and obvious enhancement on contrast-enhanced scan. Surgical excision is curative. While this lesion is rare, it can be considered in the differential diagnosis if the characteristic imaging features are present.
•Within-individual variability was investigated in seven cultures.•Density distribution and situation-behavior approaches were compared.•Self-concept and personality state variability were moderately ...convergent.•Variability in personality states was predicted by need satisfaction in situations.•Individualism–collectivism, dialecticism, and tightness did not account for cultural differences.
Within-individual variability in self-concepts and everyday personality states and affects was investigated in two experience sampling studies using density distribution and situation-behavior approaches. In all seven cultures sampled, within-individual variability was substantial and self-concept and personality state variability exhibited moderate convergence. Variability in personality and affect states was moderately predicted by perceived need satisfaction in the situations. The density distribution and situation-behavior approaches were moderately convergent in identifying the most variable individuals, but the pattern of cultural differences differed in the two methods. Contrary to cultural psychology perspectives, cultural differences in within-individual variability did not consistently correspond to cultural differences in individualism–collectivism, dialecticism, or tightness.
Western theories suggest that self-concept consistency is important for well-being, but cultural psychologists have proposed that this relationship may be weaker in collectivistic or dialectical ...cultures. Hypotheses regarding the ability of self-concept (cross-role) consistency and short-term stability to predict hedonic and eudaimonic well-being across cultures were tested. College students in the United States, Australia, Mexico, Venezuela, the Philippines, Malaysia, China, and Japan rated their traits in various roles at test and retest and completed measures of hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. In all cultures, cross-role consistency and short-term stability were inversely associated with negative affect, an aspect of hedonic well-being, and positively associated with Big Five Emotional Stability. In contrast, cross-role consistency and short-term stability were related to eudaimonic well-being more reliably in individualistic cultures than in collectivistic cultures, although the results in China only partially conformed to this pattern. We concluded that cross-role variability and short-term instability of self-concepts have a significant temperamental or affective basis, and this temperamental basis is a cultural universal. In addition, cultural psychology predictions of a weaker relationship between self-concept consistency and well-being in collectivistic cultures, as compared with individualistic cultures, were largely supported for eudaimonic well-being.
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