Functional studies of the RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification have been limited by an inability to map individual m6A-modified sites in whole transcriptomes. To enable such studies, here, we ...introduce m6A-selective allyl chemical labeling and sequencing (m6A-SAC-seq), a method for quantitative, whole-transcriptome mapping of m6A at single-nucleotide resolution. The method requires only ~30 ng of poly(A) or rRNA-depleted RNA. We mapped m6A modification stoichiometries in RNA from cell lines and during in vitro monocytopoiesis from human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). We identified numerous cell-state-specific m6A sites whose methylation status was highly dynamic during cell differentiation. We observed changes of m6A stoichiometry as well as expression levels of transcripts encoding or regulated by key transcriptional factors (TFs) critical for HSPC differentiation. m6A-SAC-seq is a quantitative method to dissect the dynamics and functional roles of m6A sites in diverse biological processes using limited input RNA.m6A-SAC-seq uses chemical labeling to quantify m6A at single-base resolution in the mammalian transcriptome.
Due to its high strength, high modulus, excellent clarity, good biodegradability and biocompatibility, poly（lactic acid）（PLA）, a bio-based thermoplastic polyester, has evolved into a competitive ...commodity material with potential to replace conventional petrochemical-based polymers. However, the wide applications of PLA have been hampered by its native drawbacks, such as low heat distortion temperature（HDT）, inherent brittleness and relatively high cost. In recent years, researchers have devoted to breaking above-mentioned bottleneck and attempted to extend the application of PLA. This review will summarize recent work about the modification of PLA, especially focusing on enhancing HDT, toughening and reducing cost.
We report epitaxial growth of AlN films with atomically flat surface on nano-patterned sapphire substrates (NPSS) prepared by nano-imprint lithography. The crystalline quality can be greatly improved ...by using the optimized 1-μm-period NPSS. The X-ray diffraction ω-scan full width at half maximum values for (0002) and (102) reflections are 171 and 205 arcsec, respectively. The optimized NPSS contribute to eliminating almost entirely the threading dislocations (TDs) originating from the AlN/sapphire interface via bending the dislocations by image force from the void sidewalls before coalescence. In addition, reducing the misorientations of the adjacent regions during coalescence adopting the low lateral growth rate is also essential for decreasing TDs in the upper AlN epilayer.
Benzene is the typical volatile organic compound (VOC) of indoor and outdoor air pollution, which harms human health and the environment. Due to the stability of their aromatic structure, the ...catalytic oxidation of benzene rings in an environment without an external energy input is difficult. In this study, the efficient degradation of benzene at room temperature was achieved by constructing Ag and Ni bimetallic active site catalysts (AgNi/BCN) supported on boron-carbon-nitrogen aerogel. The atomic-scale Ag and Ni are uniformly dispersed on the catalyst surface and form Ag/Ni-C/N bonds with C and N, which were conducive to the catalytic oxidation of benzene at room temperature. Further catalytic reaction mechanisms indicate that benzene reacted with ·OH to produce R·, which reacted with O
to regenerate ·OH. Under the strong oxidation of ·OH, benzene was oxidized to form alcohols, carboxylic acids, and eventually CO
and H
O. This study not only significantly reduces the energy consumption of VOC catalytic oxidation, but also improves the safety of VOC treatment, providing new ideas for the low energy consumption and green development of VOC treatment.
•a layered cloud to things framework with end sensing, edge computing, cloud computing and knowledge repository.•a cloud battery management system with functions of state estimation.•multi-scale data ...visualization from cell-battery system-vehicle-transportation system.•hierarchical functional display leveraging from the cyber hierarchy and interactional network (CHAIN) framework.
An intelligent battery management system is a crucial enabler for energy storage systems with high power output, increased safety and long lifetimes. With recent developments in cloud computing and the proliferation of big data, machine learning approaches have begun to deliver invaluable insights, which drives adaptive control of battery management systems (BMS) with improved performance. In this paper, a general framework utilizing an end-edge-cloud architecture for a cloud-based BMS is proposed, with the composition and function of each link described. Cloud-based BMS leverages from the Cyber Hierarchy and Interactional Network (CHAIN) framework to provide multi-scale insights, more advanced and efficient algorithms can be used to realize the state-of-X estimation, thermal management, cell balancing, fault diagnosis and other functions of traditional BMS system. The battery intelligent monitoring and management platform can visually present battery performance, store working-data to help in-depth understanding of the microscopic evolutionary law, and provide support for the development of control strategies. Currently, the cloud-based BMS requires more effects on the multi-scale integrated modeling methods and remote upgrading capability of the controller, these two aspects are very important for the precise management and online upgrade of the system. The utility of this approach is highlighted not only for automotive applications, but for any battery energy storage system, providing a holistic framework for future intelligent and connected battery management.
We proposed a cloud to things framework with four subsystems: end, edge, cloud and knowledge by combining digital twin and with deep learning approaches, complex detection, prediction and optimization functions. Further, we demonstrated an overall framework utilizing an end-edge-cloud architecture for a cloud-based BMS with multi-scale hierarchical data visualization leveraging from the Cyber Hierarchy and Interactional Network (CHAIN) framework. Display omitted
Display omitted
•Two stages of shearing characterize the Cenozoic deformation of the Northern ALS belt.•The temperatures varied during progressive shearing, early higher and late lower.•Simple ...shearing components increased as progressive shearing proceeded.•An early shortening-dominated and a late extrusion-controlled tectonic processes.•The strike-slip shearing attributed to accelerated flow during the extrusion process.
Structural and microstructural characteristics, deformation temperatures and flow vorticities of the northern Ailao Shan (ALS) high-grade metamorphic belt provide significant information regarding the nature and tectonic evolution of the Ailao Shan-Red River (ASRR) shear zone. Mineral deformation mechanisms, quartz lattice-preferred orientation (LPO) patterns and the opening angles of quartz c-axis fabrics of samples from the Gasa section indicate that the northern ALS high-grade metamorphic belt has experienced progressive shear deformation. The early stage shearing is characterized by a gradual decrease of deformation temperatures from >650°C at the northeastern unit to ca. 300°C at the southwestern unit, that results in the formation of migmatites, mylonitic gneisses, thin bedded mylonites, mylonitic schists and phyllonites from the NE to SW across the strike of the shear zone. The late stage low-temperature (300–400°C) shearing is superimposed on the early deformation throughout the belt with the formation of discrete, small-scale shear zones, especially in the thin-banded mylonitic rocks along both margins. The kinematic vorticity values estimated by rotated rigid porphyroclast method and oblique grain-shaped/quartz c-axis-fabric method imply that the general shear-dominated flow (0.49–0.77) progressively changed to a simple shear-dominated flow (0.77–1) toward the late stage of ductile deformation. The two stages of shearing are consistent with early shortening-dominated and late extrusion-controlled regional tectonic processes. The transition between them occurred at ca. 27Ma in the ALS high-grade metamorphic belt along the ASRR shear zone. The large amount of strike-slip displacement along the ASRR shear zone is predominantly attributed to accelerated flow along the shear zone during the late extrusion-controlled tectonic process.
Although
, a promising parasitoid of
, had been successfully reared on the eggs of
in some countries, reports from China have argued that it is infeasible. Notably, studies from China have indicated ...that
eggs could be a candidate host. Therefore, to further evaluate the potential of using
eggs as hosts, we compared the development and parasitism of
on the eggs of
and
at temperatures between 20-32 °C. Our results showed that
developed successfully on both host eggs at all of the tested temperatures, and the developmental duration and thermal requirements at each stage were similar between the two host species. The number of parasitized eggs was greater for
than for
.
. Meanwhile, the emergence rate exceeded 86.6%, and it was significantly higher for
than that for
.
except at 29 °C. This study is the first time estimating the thermal requirements of
at each stage. Moreover, we also recorded the morphological characteristics of
at each stage. Our results demonstrate that
eggs are more suitable than
eggs as an alternative host for the mass-rearing of
in China. Understanding the thermal requirements and biological parameters contributes greatly to predicting the generation time and providing a reference for the mass-rearing and storage of the parasitoid.
Cathepsin L protease, which belongs to the papain-like cysteine proteases family, is an important player in many physiological and pathological processes. However, little was known about the role of
...in ladybird beetles (
Linnaeus) during diapause. Here, we analyzed the characteristics of
(
) in the females of
and its role during the diapause of the ladybeetle.
was cloned and identified from beetle specimens by rapid amplification of cDNA-ends (RACE). The cDNA sequence of
was 971 bp in length, including an 843 bp open reading frame encoding a protein of 280 amino acids. It was identified as the
group by phylogenetic analysis. Knockdown of
by RNA interference led to decreased expression levels of fatty acid synthase 2 (fas 2) genes and suppressed lipid accumulation. Furthermore, silencing the
gene distinctly reduced diapause-related features and the survival of female
under diapause-inducing conditions. The results suggested that the
gene was involved in fatty acid biosynthesis and played a crucial role in the survival of adult
during the diapause preparation stage.
The battery system, as the core energy storage device of new energy vehicles, faces increasing safety issues and threats. An accurate and robust fault diagnosis technique is crucial to guarantee the ...safe, reliable, and robust operation of lithium-ion batteries. However, in battery systems, various faults are difficult to diagnose and isolate due to their similar features and internal coupling relationships. In this paper, the current research of advanced battery system fault diagnosis technology is reviewed. Firstly, the existing types of battery faults are introduced in detail, where cell faults include progressive and sudden faults, and system faults include a sensor, management system, and connection component faults. Then, the fault mechanisms are described, including overcharge, overdischarge, overheat, overcool, large rate charge and discharge, and inconsistency. The existing fault diagnosis methods are divided into four main types. The current research and development of model-based, data-driven, knowledge-based, and statistical analysis-based methods for fault diagnosis are summarized. Finally, the future development trend of battery fault diagnosis technology is prospected. This paper provides a comprehensive insight into the fault and defect diagnosis of lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles, aiming to promote the further development of new energy vehicles.
Desmoplastic small round‐cell tumor (DSRCT) is a rare, aggressive malignant tumor, which in the great majority of cases arises at abdominal‐pelvic sites. Nevertheless, rare cases of primary ...extra‐abdominal tumors have been reported. In challenging cases, its molecular hallmark, the EWSR1‐WT1 reciprocal translocation, can be exploited diagnostically by various molecular techniques. Herein, we report an extremely rare case of primary subcutaneous DSRCT in an effort to raise awareness among our dermatopathology colleagues by expanding the differential of superficial round‐cell tumors.
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