A 30 s hydrolysis reaction is used to rapidly synthesize CoFeOH encapsulated CoFeP on iron foam (CoFeOH/CoFeP/IF) with amorphous-crystalline interface and double catalytic sites. Where the loss of ...phosphorus is inhibited (near 60%) and CoFeOH/CoFeP/IF shows higher hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) property in alkaline media. When drives 100, 500, 1000, 2000 and 3000 mA cm−2, it only requires overpotentials of 114.9, 194.9, 221.8, 249.7 and 266.1 mV in 1.0 M KOH (25 °C) with at least 100-h durability (500 and 1000 mA cm−2). Further simulated industrial tests indicate that the CoFeOH/CoFeP/IF has lower Tafel value and faster HER kinetics in 7.6 M KOH (70 °C). When coupling with NiFe-LDH/IF in a two-electrode system, the voltage of NiFe-LDH/IF (+) || CoFeOH/CoFeP/IF (−) at 2500 mA cm−2 is merely 1.57 V (7.6 M KOH 70 °C). Even in 1.0 M KOH (25 °C) solution, it only needs 1.88 V. This work may provide the guidance for constructing catalytic interface to enhance the HER performances.
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•CoFeOH/CoFeP on iron foam (CoFeOH/CoFeP/IF) is rapidly prepared by 30 s hydrolysis.•CoFeOH/CoFeP/IF has amorphous-crystalline interface and double catalytic sites.•CoFeOH/CoFeP/IF shows the higher HER activity and stability at large current.•The rapid hydrolysis may be an effective way for high-current-density catalysts.
Severe peripheral nerve injury (PNI) often leads to significant movement disorders and intractable pain. Therefore, promoting nerve regeneration while avoiding neuropathic pain is crucial for the ...clinical treatment of PNI patients. However, established animal models for peripheral neuropathy fail to accurately recapitulate the clinical features of PNI. Additionally, researchers usually investigate neuropathic pain and axonal regeneration separately, leaving the intrinsic relationship between the development of neuropathic pain and nerve regeneration after PNI unclear. To explore the underlying connections between pain and regeneration after PNI and provide potential molecular targets, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing and functional verification in an established rat model, allowing simultaneous study of the neuropathic pain and axonal regeneration after PNI. First, a novel rat model named spared nerve crush (SNC) was created. In this model, two branches of the sciatic nerve were crushed, but the epineurium remained unsevered. This model successfully recapitulated both neuropathic pain and axonal regeneration after PNI, allowing for the study of the intrinsic link between these two crucial biological processes. Dorsal root ganglions (DRGs) from SNC and naïve rats at various time points after SNC were collected for single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). After matching all scRNA-seq data to the 7 known DRG types, we discovered that the PEP1 and PEP3 DRG neuron subtypes increased in crushed and uncrushed DRG separately after SNC. Using experimental design scRNA-seq processing (EDSSP), we identified Adcyap1 as a potential gene contributing to both pain and nerve regeneration. Indeed, repeated intrathecal administration of PACAP38 mitigated pain and facilitated axonal regeneration, while Adcyap1 siRNA or PACAP6-38, an antagonist of PAC1R (a receptor of PACAP38) led to both mechanical hyperalgesia and delayed DRG axon regeneration in SNC rats. Moreover, these effects can be reversed by repeated intrathecal administration of PACAP38 in the acute phase but not the late phase after PNI, resulting in alleviated pain and promoted axonal regeneration. Our study reveals that Adcyap1 is an intrinsic protective factor linking neuropathic pain and axonal regeneration following PNI. This finding provides new potential targets and strategies for early therapeutic intervention of PNI.
Objective To investigate the effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) nursing in prevention of pulmonary infection in patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage. Methods Totally 120 patients ...with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage were divided into control group (n = 60) and observation group (n = 60) according to different types of nursing care. Patients in the control group received routine care, and those in the observation group received TCM nursing on basis of routine care. The effective rate of nursing intervention between two groups was analyzed and compared. Results The total effective rate of nursing intervention in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (96. 67% vas. 73. 33%, P<0. 01). Conclusion In nursing management of patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage, the TCM nursing intervention is potentially effective to prevent the pulmonary infection and improve the nursing efficiency. (目的 探讨高血压脑出血患者预防肺部感染的中医护理措施实施效果。方法 选取120例高血压脑出血患者为研究对象, 根据护理方法的不同分为对照组和观察组, 各60
Research on wildlife monitoring methods is a crucial tool for the conservation of rare wildlife in China. However, the fact that rare wildlife monitoring images in field scenes are easily affected by ...complex scene information, poorly illuminated, obscured, and blurred limits their use. This often results in unstable recognition and low accuracy levels. To address this issue, this paper proposes a novel wildlife identification model for rare animals in Giant Panda National Park (GPNP). We redesigned the C3 module of YOLOv5 using NAMAttention and the MemoryEfficientMish activation function to decrease the weight of field scene features. Additionally, we integrated the WIoU boundary loss function to mitigate the influence of low-quality images during training, resulting in the development of the NMW-YOLOv5 model. Our model achieved 97.3% for mAP50 and 83.3% for mAP50:95 in the LoTE-Animal dataset. When comparing the model with some classical YOLO models for the purpose of conducting comparison experiments, it surpasses the current best-performing model by 1.6% for mAP50:95, showcasing a high level of recognition accuracy. In the generalization ability test, the model has a low error rate for most rare wildlife species and is generally able to identify wildlife in the wild environment of the GPNP with greater accuracy. It has been demonstrated that NMW-YOLOv5 significantly enhances wildlife recognition accuracy in field environments by eliminating irrelevant features and extracting deep, effective features. Furthermore, it exhibits strong detection and recognition capabilities for rare wildlife in GPNP field environments. This could offer a new and effective tool for rare wildlife monitoring in GPNP.
Objective To investigate the effect of targeted nursing interventions for urine leakage after indwelling catheter placement in patients with cerebrovascular disease. Methods Totally 60 ...cerebrovascular disease patients with urine leakage after placement of indwelling catheter were divided into the observation group and control group, with 30 cases in each group. The control group received routine nursing, and observation group was given targeted nursing interventions in addition to routine management. The intervention efficacy and patients' satisfaction were evaluated and compared between two groups. Results The total effective rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (96. 67% vs. 73. 33%, P＜0. 05). Satisfaction degree of patients in the observation group was higher than that of patients in the control group (P＜0. 05). Conclusion The targeted nursing intervention according to the causes of urine leakage was effective to leakage control and prevention of urinary trac
Abstract
Background
Kidney disease progression rates vary among patients. Rapid and accurate prediction of kidney disease outcomes is crucial for disease management. In recent years, various ...prediction models using Machine Learning (ML) algorithms have been established in nephrology. However, their accuracy have been inconsistent. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of ML algorithms for kidney disease progression.
Methods
We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Chinese Biomedicine Literature Database, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, and the VIP Database for diagnostic studies on ML algorithms’ accuracy in predicting kidney disease prognosis, from the establishment of these databases until October 2020. Two investigators independently evaluate study quality by QUADAS-2 tool and extracted data from single ML algorithm for data synthesis using the bivariate model and the hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (HSROC) model.
Results
Fifteen studies were left after screening, only 6 studies were eligible for data synthesis. The sample size of these 6 studies was 12,534, and the kidney disease types could be divided into chronic kidney disease (CKD) and Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy, with 5 articles using end-stage renal diseases occurrence as the primary outcome. The main results indicated that the area under curve (AUC) of the HSROC was 0.87 (0.84–0.90) and ML algorithm exhibited a strong specificity, 95% confidence interval and heterogeneity (I
2
) of (0.87, 0.84–0.90, I
2
99.0%) and a weak sensitivity of (0.68, 0.58–0.77, I
2
99.7%) in predicting kidney disease deterioration. And the the results of subgroup analysis indicated that ML algorithm’s AUC for predicting CKD prognosis was 0.82 (0.79–0.85), with the pool sensitivity of (0.64, 0.49–0.77, I
2
99.20%) and pool specificity of (0.84, 0.74–0.91, I
2
99.84%). The ML algorithm’s AUC for predicting IgA nephropathy prognosis was 0.78 (0.74–0.81), with the pool sensitivity of (0.74, 0.71–0.77, I
2
7.10%) and pool specificity of (0.93, 0.91–0.95, I
2
83.92%).
Conclusion
Taking advantage of big data, ML algorithm-based prediction models have high accuracy in predicting kidney disease progression, we recommend ML algorithms as an auxiliary tool for clinicians to determine proper treatment and disease management strategies.
Sepsis and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) are both responsible for the alterations of the pharmacokinetics of antibiotics. For patients with sepsis receiving CRRT, the serum ...concentrations of meropenem in the early phase (< 48 h) was significantly lower than that in the late phase (> 48 h). This current trial aimed to investigate whether administration of a loading dose of meropenem results in a more likely achievement of the pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamics (PD) target (100% fT > 4 × MIC) and better therapeutic results in the patients with sepsis receiving CRRT.
This is a single-blinded, single-center, randomized, controlled, two-arm, and parallel-group trial. This trial will be carried out in Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology Guangdong, China. Adult patients (age ≥ 18 years) with critical sepsis or sepsis-related shock receiving CRRT will be included in the study. The subjects will be assigned to the control group and the intervention group (LD group) randomly at a 1:1 ratio, the estimated sample size should be 120 subjects in each group. In the LD group, the patient will receive a loading dose of 1.5-g meropenem resolved in 30-ml saline which is given via central line for 30 min. Afterward, 0.75-g meropenem will be given immediately for 30 min every 8 h. In the control group, the patient will receive 0.75-g meropenem for 30 min every 8 h. The primary objective is the probabilities of PK/PD target (100% fT > 4 × MIC) achieved in the septic patients who receive CRRT in the first 48 h. Secondary objectives include clinical cure rate, bacterial clearance rate, sepsis-related mortality and all-cause mortality, the total dose of meropenem, duration of meropenem treatment, duration of CRRT, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), C-reactive protein levels, procalcitonin levels, white blood cell count, and safety.
This trial will assess for the first time whether administration of a loading dose of meropenem results in a more likely achievement of the PK/PD target and better therapeutic results in the patients with sepsis receiving CRRT. Since CRRT is an important therapeutic strategy for sepsis patients with hemodynamic instability, the results from this trial may help to provide evidence-based therapy for septic patients receiving CRRT.
Chinese Clinical Trials Registry, ChiCTR2000032865 . Registered on 13 May 2020, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=53616 .
Propyl gallate (PG), owing to its exceptional antioxidant properties, is extensively used in industries such as food processing. The potential harmful impacts of PG have sparked concern among people. ...It has been reported that exposure of PG has certain reproductive toxicity, which can affect the maturation of mouse oocytes and induce testicular dysfunction. However, its impact on early embryonic development is still unclear. In this study, we explored the toxic effects and potential mechanisms of PG on mouse 2-cell stage embryonic development. The results showed that exposure of PG can decrease the development of 2-cell stage embryos and repress the development of 4-cell stage embryos. Further study found that PG could induce intracellular oxidative stress and the accumulation of DNA damage in 2-cell stage embryos. Moreover, exposure of PG impaired the function of mitochondria and lysosomes in 2-cell stage embryos, thereby triggering the occurrence of autophagy. In addition, exposure of PG altered the epigenetic modification of 2-cell stage embryos, displaying a decreased level of DNA methylation and an increased level of H3K4me3. In summary, our results indicated that exposure of PG can damage the development of mouse 2-cell stage embryos by inducing oxidative stress, DNA damage, and autophagy, and altering epigenetic modification.
•PG exposure compromised mouse 2-cell stage embryo development and repressed 4-cell stage embryo development.•PG exposure induced ROS and DNA damage in mouse 2-cell stage embryos.•PG exposure could induce autophagy in mouse 2-cell stage embryos.•PG exposure resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction in mouse 2-cell stage embryos.•PG exposure altered epigenetic modification in mouse 2-cell stage embryos.
•AS-nZVI achieved a MPs-Pb(II) removal efficiency of more than 91.9 % MPs and 99.6 % Pb(II).•The maximum enrichment abilities of AS-nZVI for MPs were 2725.87 mgMPs·gFe-1.•The superhydrophobic film ...endowed iron nanoparticles with strong affinity to “magnetize” MPs.•Sulfidation reinforced the Pb(II) conversion process by improving electron transfer.•Removal of recalcitrant aged-MPs-Pb(II) conjugates with AS-nZVI was also highlighted.
Emerging microplastics-heavy metal (MPs-HM) contaminants in wastewaters pose an emerging health and environmental risk due to their persistence and increasing ecological risks (e.g., “Trojan horse” effect). Hence, removing MPs in solution and preventing secondary releases of HM has become a key challenge when tackling with MPs pollution. Leveraging the hydrophobic nature of MPs and the electron transfer efficiency from Fe0 to HM, we demonstrate an alkylated and sulfidated nanoscale zerovalent iron (AS-nZVI) featuring a delicate “core-shell-hydrophobic film” nanostructure. Exemplified by polystyrene (PS) MPs-Pb(II) removal, the three nanocomponents offer synergistic functions for the rapid separation of MPs, as well as the reduction and stabilization of Pb(II). The outmost hydrophobic film of AS-nZVI greatly improves the anticorrosion performance of nanoscale zerovalent iron and the enrichment abilities of hydrophobic MPs, achieving a maximum removal capacity of MPs to 2725.87 mgMPs·gFe−1. This MPs enrichment promotes the subsequent reductive removal of Pb(II) through the electron transfer from the iron core of AS-nZVI to Pb(II), a process further strengthened by the introduced sulfur. When considering the inevitable aging of MPs in wastewaters due to mechanical wear or microbial degradation, our study concurrently examines the efficiencies and behaviors of AS-nZVI in removing virgin-MPs-Pb(II) and aged-MPs-Pb(II). The batch results reveal that AS-nZVI has an exceptional ability to remove above 99.6 % Pb(II) for all reaction systems. Overall, this work marks a pioneering effort in highlighting the importance of MPs-toxin combinations in dealing with MPs contamination and in demonstrating the utility of nZVI techniques for MPs-contaminated water purification.
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School bullying is a destructive behaviour common among adolescents that can sometimes escalate to criminal activity. This study aimed to examine the association between four types of school bullying ...(i.e., physical, verbal, relational, and cyber) and murderous ideation and behaviours (i.e., ideation, plans, preparation, and attempts) among adolescent students.
Data were collected from 5726 middle and high school students using self-administered questionnaires in December 2013. The participants were selected using a 3-stage random cluster-sampling strategy. The participants were asked about the frequency of their bullying experiences in the past two months and the frequencies of their murderous ideation and behaviours in the past six months. Multivariate logistic regressions were performed to explore the association between school bullying and murderous ideation and behaviours.
Each type of school bullying perpetration was associated with murderous ideation and behaviours, as was each type of bullying victimization. Students who experienced more types of school bullying perpetration and victimization were more likely to report murderous ideation and behaviours. Moreover, the number of types of bullying perpetration and victimization had a dose-response association with murderous ideation and behaviours (aOR min = 1.45, aOR max = 2.72), as did the frequency of involvement in bullying perpetration and victimization (aOR min = 1.33, aOR max = 2.00). Being a bully-victim was a risk factor for murderous ideation and behaviours (aOR min = 3.88, aOR max = 7.24).
Each type of school bullying was associated with an increased risk for murderous ideation and behaviours among adolescents. Dose-response relationships between the frequency of bullying and number of bullying types experienced and murderous ideation and behaviours were found in this study. Future studies are warranted to confirm our findings and explore the mechanisms underlying the relationship between school bullying and murderous ideation and behaviours.
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