The effects of 5 different feeding systems on the performance, carcass traits and organ development were studied in pigeon squabs.
The 5 treatments were (1) whole grains of maize, pea and wheat plus ...concentrate feed; (2)whole grains of maize and wheat plus concentrate feed (CWC); (3) whole grains of maize and pea plus concentrate feed; (4)whole grain of maize plus concentrate feed (CC); and (5) compound feed (CF).
Feed intake of parent pigeons increased significantly from 0 to 21 d and it was higher in the CF treatment. Body weight of squabs in the CWC treatment was the highest among the 5 treatments in 4 weeks. Body weight losses of parental pigeons during the rearing period were not significantly different among the 5 treatments.
Protein intake in CC and CWC treatments was lower than that of the other three treatments. The CWC treatment had the highest daily weight gain and the lowest feed conversion ratio. Treatments were statistically similar in the relative weight of carcass, breast and thigh. CF had the lower relative weight of abdominal fat.
Relative weight of gizzard in the CF treatment was significantly lower than that of CWC.
It was concluded that the application of free choice feeding of whole grains of maize and wheat plus concentrate feed increased the body weight of 28-d-old pigeon squabs and decreased the feed conversion rate of parent pigeons. This feeding strategy could be commercially interesting in meat-type pigeon production.
•Mechanical properties of high-entropy alloys (HEAs) can be tuned by the electro-pulsing treatment (EPT).•130 V- and 150 V-(Co40Fe25Cr20Ni15)95Al5 exhibit ultimate tensile strength of 0.96 and ...0.78 GPa, ductility of 16.5 and 49.2%.•High Hall-Petch coefficient KH (Kσy) value of 189.7 HV·μm0.5 (410.51 MPa·μm0.5) for (Co40Fe25Cr20Ni15)95Al5 HEA.•Dynamic Hall-Petch relationship of deformation twin is partly responsible for mechanical properties of 130 V and 150 V samples.
The single-phase face-centered cubic (FCC) high entropy alloys (HEAs) possess remarkable ductility but lower strength, limiting the engineering application in a wide range. The ductility-strength trade-off can be addressed by tuning the constituent and chemical composition to lower stacking fault energy (SFE) and introduce additional strain-hardening strategies. In this work, a series of non-equiatomic (Co40Fe25Cr20Ni15)95Al5 HEAs annealed by flash electro-pulsing treatments at different voltages, was prepared with the incorporation of deformation twining during plastic deformation. The 130 V-annealed sample demonstrates a good combination of tensile strength of 0.96 GPa and ductility of 16.5%, while the 150 V-annealed alloy showed dramatically increased ductility of 49.2%. The higher Hall-Petch coefficient kH (Kσy) value of 189.7 HV·μm0.5 (410.5 MPa·μm0.5) and the smaller recrystallization grain size is responsible for the improved tensile strength for 130 V-samples. Moreover, more stacking faults and deformation twins in 150 V-sample accommodate more plastic deformation and delay the fracture, resulting in increased ductility. Similar achievement using the flash electro-pulsing annealing treatment to another Fe50Mn27Ni10Cr13 alloy is also obtained, suggesting the universality for pulse electro-annealing method. This work provides a fast-effective method to tune the mechanical properties of HEAs by adjusting the annealing voltage and achieve in a minute, which might open the avenue for future industrial application.
A new in-vessel water-cooled coil has been placed below the lower tungsten-covered divertor in EAST, aiming at moving the strike points in the divertor and spreading the heat flow on the targets. To ...achieve controlled movement of the strike points by the plasma control system (PCS) when applying the in-vessel coil, the plasma equilibrium configurations are predicted by the tokamak equilibrium (TEQ) code. The divertor coil current is involved in these calculations. The shape control parameters in the PCS are adjusted according to the predesigned equilibria from the TEQ code. The strike point movement over a wide range has been achieved in the experiment while keeping the main plasma stable. Thus, this method for divertor strike point movement with the assistance of the divertor coil is feasible.
Pavement maintenance is widely thought to be critical for promoting their sustainability. It plays a pivotal role in sustainable and resilient transportation infrastructure for economic development ...and social inclusion improvement. Existing research mainly focuses on optimizing the maintenance strategies based on one player but ignores the inherent conflicts and complex interactions among multiplayer decision-makers. To address these issues, this research examined the problem of pavement maintenance involving the highway agency and maintenance service providers under the uncertainty of pavement conditions with the aim of optimizing maintenance strategies. A novel bilevel mathematical model was proposed to handle the inherent conflicts and complex interactions among decision-makers based on the Stackelberg game and Nash game. The goal is to obtain the Stackelberg–Nash equilibrium solution, where the highway agency, as the upper-level leader, determines the maintenance tasks, whereas the service providers, as the lower-level followers, provide the corresponding maintenance activities. To formulate this complex model, a bilevel particle swarm optimization (BLPSO) algorithm was developed for pavement maintenance. Finally, a practical case was used to demonstrate the practicality and efficiency of the proposed model. The results show that the mathematical model can provide feasible and effective pavement maintenance strategies for multiplayer decision-makers in real-world applications.
•A bilevel mathematical model is proposed for dynamic long-term pavement maintenance.•Bilevel multiple decision-makers using the Stackelberg–Nash game are incorporated.•A BLPSO algorithm is developed to obtain an equilibrium maintenance strategy.•Comparative results show a significant profit increment for each decision-maker.•The model is feasible and effective for optimizing multiplayer pavement maintenance.
The target backsheath field acceleration mechanism is one of the main mechanisms of laser-driven proton acceleration (LDPA) and strongly depends on the comprehensive performance of the ultrashort ...ultra-intense lasers used as the driving sources. The successful use of the SG-II Peta-watt (SG-II PW) laser facility for LDPA and its applications in radiographic diagnoses have been manifested by the good performance of the SG-II PW facility. Recently, the SG-II PW laser facility has undergone extensive maintenance and a comprehensive technical upgrade in terms of the seed source, laser contrast and terminal focus. LDPA experiments were performed using the maintained SG-II PW laser beam, and the highest cutoff energy of the proton beam was obviously increased. Accordingly, a double-film target structure was used, and the maximum cutoff energy of the proton beam was up to 70 MeV. These results demonstrate that the comprehensive performance of the SG-II PW laser facility was improved significantly.
In situ high-pressure X-ray diffraction experiments and reverse Monte Carlo simulations on Pd81Si19 glassy alloy were performed up to 35GPa. High-quality structure factor data with a q range up to ...13.5Aa-1 were obtained. The pressure dependence of the relative volume of Pd81Si19 glassy alloy can be well described by a third-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state with bulk modulus of =229GPa and a pressure derivative of . The continuous and monotonic change of relative volume as a function of pressure does not indicate any first-order phase transitions in Pd81Si19 glassy alloy in the studied pressure range. The pressure dependence of the atomic structures was systematically investigated by means of bond angle distribution, the Honeycutt and Andersen index, Voronoi tessellation, total and partial coordination numbers, and local chemical ordering analyses. It is found that the topological and chemical atomic structures of the Pd81Si19 glassy alloy do not change much with pressure, indicating the stability of this material under pressure.
Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) serotype-4 is highly pathogenic for chickens, especially for broilers aged 3 to 5 wk, and it has emerged as one of the foremost causes of economic losses to the poultry ...industry in the last 30 years. The liver is a major target organ of FAdV-4 infections, and virus-infected chickens usually show symptoms of hydropericardium syndrome. The virus is very contagious, and it is spread both vertically and horizontally. It can be isolated from infected liver homogenates and detected by several laboratory diagnostic methods (including an agar gel immunodiffusion test, indirect immunofluorescence assays, counterimmunoelectrophoresis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, restriction endonuclease analyses, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real-time PCR, and high-resolution melting-curve analyses). Although inactivated vaccines have been deployed widely to control the disease, attenuated live vaccines and subunit vaccines also have been developed, and they are more attractive vaccine candidates. This article provides a comprehensive review of FAdV-4, including its epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostic detection, and vaccine strategies.
The IoT maximizes the information and intelligence of large-scale producers, and greatly improves the supervision quality and efficiency of production lines. Existing research fails to use modern ...logistics simulation for distributed simulation, verification and analysis of industrial automated production line management (IAPLM). Thus, this paper studies the distributed simulation of IoT-based IAPLM. The time domain, component information and other elements are introduced into the distributed Petri network model to realize the optimization of the logic model of the industrial automation production line. The key points of distributed simulation design of IAPLM are introduced in detail, and the timing design of the production process, the mapping of logical model to distributed simulation platform, the structured processing of models, and the construction of simulation strategies for production equipment control are completed. Experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed model.
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