Video object segmentation (VOS) is important for various computer vision problems, and handling it with minimal human supervision is highly desired for the large-scale applications. To bring down the ...supervision, existing approaches largely follow a data mining perspective by assuming the availability of multiple videos sharing the same object categories. It, however, would be problematic for the tasks that consume a single video. To address this problem, this paper proposes a novel approach that explores weakly labeled images to solve video object segmentation. Given a video labeled with a target category, images labeled with the same category are collected, from which noisy object exemplars are automatically discovered. After that the proposed approach extracts a set of region proposals on various frames and efficiently matches them with massive noisy exemplars in terms of appearance and spatial context. We then jointly select the best proposals across the video by solving a novel submodular problem that combines region voting and global region matching. Finally, the localization results are leveraged as strong supervision to guide pixel-level segmentation. Extensive experiments are conducted on two challenging public databases: Youtube-Objects and DAVIS. The results suggest that the proposed approach improves over previous weakly supervised/unsupervised approaches significantly, showing a performance even comparable with the several approaches supervised by the costly manual segmentations.
•Partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) affects the metabolism of fecal microbiota.•PHGG significantly alters the abundance of some specific gut bacteria.•PHGG induces the production of fermentation ...gases and SCFAs.•The regulation of PHGG on gut bacteria is related to age and gender to some extent.
Carbohydrates with different structures have metabolic differences in the human body, as well as individual differences. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of bacterial, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and gas profiles of partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) on the fecal microbiota of 41 Chinese individuals by simulated fermentation in vitro. Results showed that PHGG stimulated the growth of Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium, inhibited the growth of Escherichia-Shigella, Klebsiella, and Dorea, and induced the production of fermentation gases (CO2, and H2) and SCFAs (acetic acid, butyric acid). Furthermore, Bifidobacterium was significantly increased in the young female and the old male-originated samples, while Klebsiella was significantly decreased in the old female ones after PHGG intervention, and there were also certain differences in gases and SCFAs among different population samples. These findings indicate that PHGG can modulate gut microbiota and metabolism well, whereas its use varies in different populations.
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are two common malignant disorders in leukemia. Although potent drugs are emerging, CML and AML may still relapse after the drug ...treatment is stopped. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and lncRNAs play certain roles in the occurrence and development of tumors, but m6A-modified LncRNAs in ML remain to be further investigated.
In this study, we extracted and analyzed the TCGA gene expression profile of 151 ML patients and the clinical data. On this basis, we then evaluated the immune infiltration capacity of ML and LASSO-penalized Cox analysis was applied to construct the prognostic model based on m6A related lncRNAs to verify the prognostic risk in clinical features of ML. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR was used to detect the expression level of LncRNA in in ML cell lines K562, MOLM13 and acute monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1.
We found 70 m6A-related lncRNAs that were related to prognosis, and speculated that the content of stromal cells and immune cells would correlate with the survival of patients with ML. Next, Prognostic risk model of m6A-related lncRNAs was validated to have excellent consistency in clinical features of ML. Finally, we verified the expression levels of CRNDE, CHROMR and NARF-IT1 in ML cell lines K562, MOLM13 and acute monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1, which were significant.
The research provides clues for the prognosis prediction of ML patients by using the m6A-related lncRNAs model we have created, and clarifies the accuracy and authenticity of it.
•A numerical model of rock bolt tension-shear coupling that can realize bearing-yield-breaking behaviour was developed.•An indoor tensile-shear test of rock bolts was conducted to verify the new ...numerical model.•In the case of roadway support, the phenomenon of yielding and breaking of rock bolts is reproduced.
To realize the numerical analysis of rock bolt bearing-yield-fracture under tension-shear coupling and to provide an effective means for supporting the design of roadways or tunnels, a new numerical model was developed to analyse the tension-shear coupling fracture behaviour of rock bolts in engineering rock masses. Based on the study of the mechanical behaviour of rock bolts under tensile-shear coupling load, the mechanical criterion and constitutive model of the yield and fracture of rock bolts were proposed, and the secondary development of the FLAC3D platform was realized. At the same time, self-developed equipment was used to conduct the rock bolt tensile shear test. By comparing the numerical simulation results with the experimental results, we determine that the maximum difference in the shear displacement of the rock bolt does not exceed 2 mm during the yielding and breaking of the rock bolt, and the percent difference was approximately 3% and 10%, respectively. In the field of engineering, this result is generally considered acceptable. Using the numerical model we proposed, a numerical simulation experiment was conducted on the rock bolt support design of a coal mining roadway in engineering practice. The results show that under the original support scheme, a large amount of rock bolt tensile-shear failure occurs at the coal-rock interface, which makes the original support scheme unable to meet the engineering requirements with tensile-shear coupling failure tendency. In this regard, we adopted the support method of grouting anchorage at the interface of coal and rock. The results show that the deformation of the roadway surrounding rock has been effectively controlled.
Background
Gait speed is a clinical outcome that can measure the physical performance of elderly gastric patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the importance of gait speed in ...predicting post‐operative morbidities in elderly patients undergoing curative gastrectomy.
Methods
We conducted a prospective study of 357 elderly patients (≥65 years old) undergoing curative gastrectomy. Preoperative gait speed was measured in a 6‐m well‐lit and unobstructed hallway. Patients were followed up for the post‐operative clinical outcomes. Factors contributing to the post‐operative morbidities were analysed using univariate and multivariate analyses.
Results
Slow gait speed was present in 95 out of 357 patients (26.61%) which was significantly associated with age (P < 0.001), gender (P = 0.016), plasma albumin (P < 0.001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grade (P = 0.012), tumour‐node‐metastasis grade (P = 0.007), sarcopenia (P < 0.001), handgrip (P < 0.001) and post‐operative medical complications (P = 0.022). In univariate analysis, age (P = 0.015) and slow gait speed (P = 0.029) were risk factors of post‐operative complications. In multivariate analysis, we found that age (P < 0.001) and slow gait speed (P = 0.029) were independent predictors of post‐operative medical complications.
Conclusion
Slow gait speed is an independent predictor of post‐operative medical complications in elderly patients undergoing curative gastrectomy. Those patients should be managed with appropriate perioperative nutritional support and physical exercise which can improve gait speed and reduce the risk of post‐operative medical complications.
(S)-2-Chloro-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl) ethanol (3) is a chiral intermediate in the synthesis of luliconazole ((R)-E-1). Here, we report a novel biopreparation of 3 by bioreduction of ...2-chloro-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl) ethanone (2) using recombinant Escherichia coli expressing LK08, a ketoreductase mutant from Lactobacillus kefiri, as a biocatalyst. The reaction conditions for the biotransformation including pH, temperature, and concentration of isopropanol and NADP+, as well as the amount of recombinant E. coli cells, were optimized to improve the process productivity. When the enzymatic process was carried out on a 300 g scale under the optimized conditions, the ketone 2 was fully converted to chiral alcohol 3 with a product ee value of >99%. Furthermore, 3 was isolated and used to chemically synthesize luliconazole with 38% yield and 99% ee. This study presents an efficient and cost-effective chemoenzymatic process for the production of (R)-E-1.
We extend and optimize the axisymmetric 2.5-D eigensolver to calculate the far-field results of axisymmetric structures in stratified backgrounds (SBs), which is useful and practical for optical ...design and engineering. Two kinds of near-field-to-far-field transformations (NFFFTs) are proposed. One is called closed-surface transformation which is based on the dipole radiations in SBs. The other is called open-surface transformation which is based on the analytic continuation. This transformation can provide the far-field results of any axisymmetric structure (including backgrounds). The far-field results achieved by these two transformations are in good agreement with each other and with analytical ones. Moreover, in order to obtain accurate near-field results, we optimize the perfectly matched layer (PML) setting of the 2.5-D eigensolver. Corresponding optimization rules are proposed and discussed.
Anthracnose disease is one of the most important diseases of
and many other food yams, which is caused by
fungus from the Glomerellaceae family of the Sordariomycetes class. In the present study, a
...starin named CgDa01 was isolated from
, and its genome was sequenced based on Oxford Nanopore technology (ONT) and the Illumina sequencing platform. The high-quality genome of CgDa01 was assembled with a 62.78 Mb genome size and 15,845 predicted protein-coding genes. The proteins of predicted genes were annotated using multiple public databases, including the nonredundant protein database, the InterProScan databases, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. Among the annotated protein-coding genes, 55 were predicted as potential virulence genes by the fungal virulence factor database. The
CgDa01 genome assembly described in this study can serve as a resource for better understanding the pathogenic mechanism of
on yam hosts.
Introduction
Sarcopenia is well recognized as an unfavorable prognostic marker for gastric cancer (GC) patients. Currently, few nutritional interventions—such as parenteral nutrition—exist for the ...treatment of patients with sarcopenia. This study aimed to estimate the effectiveness of short-term preoperative parenteral nutrition (PN) in GC patients with sarcopenia.
Materials and Methods
We collected data on GC patients with sarcopenia who underwent radical gastrectomy at our hospital from 2010 to 2018. A 1:1 ratio propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to establish the PN and control groups. Data were analyzed using the chi-squared, Mann–Whitney
U
, and Fisher’s exact tests.
Results
In total, 428 patients met the inclusion criteria, and the propensity scores identified 166 matched pairs of patients with sarcopenia. The overall incidence of postoperative complications between both groups was not significantly different (
P
= 0.728). The PN group had a lower rate of intra-abdominal infection (
P
= 0.032) and higher hospitalization costs (
P
< 0.001) than the control group. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that age, Charlson score, and TNM stage were independent risk factors for postoperative complications. Additionally, subgroup analysis revealed that short-term preoperative PN support is associated with decreased postoperative surgical complications in patients with albumin levels < 35 g/L (
P
= 0.025).
Conclusion
Short-term preoperative PN support is not associated with reduction of overall complication rate in patients with GC and sarcopenia. However, those with sarcopenia and hypoalbuminemia benefited from preoperative PN support.
With the popularity of cloud computing, there have been increasing concerns about its security and privacy. Since the cloud computing environment is distributed and untrusted, data owners have to ...encrypt outsourced data to enforce confidentiality. Therefore, how to achieve practicable access control of encrypted data in an untrusted environment is an urgent issue that needs to be solved. Attribute-based encryption (ABE) is a promising scheme suitable for access control in cloud storage systems. This paper proposes a hierarchical attribute-based access control scheme with constant-size ciphertext. The scheme is efficient because the length of ciphertext and the number of bilinear pairing evaluations to a constant are fixed. Its computation cost in encryption and decryption algorithms is low. Moreover, the hierarchical authorization structure of our scheme reduces the burden and risk of a single authority scenario. We prove the scheme is of CCA2 security under the decisional q-Bilinear Diffie-Hellman Exponent assumption. In addition, we implement our scheme and analyse its performance. The analysis results show the proposed scheme is efficient, scalable, and fine-grained in dealing with access control for outsourced data in cloud computing.
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