Neovascularization and vascular remodeling are functionally important for brain repair after stroke. We show that neutrophils accumulate in the peri-infarct cortex during all stages of ischemic ...stroke. Neutrophils producing intravascular and intraparenchymal neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) peak at 3-5 days. Neutrophil depletion reduces blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and enhances neovascularization at 14 days. Peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4), an enzyme essential for NET formation, is upregulated in peri-ischemic brains. Overexpression of PAD4 induces an increase in NET formation that is accompanied by reduced neovascularization and increased BBB damage. Disruption of NETs by DNase 1 and inhibition of NET formation by genetic ablation or pharmacologic inhibition of PAD increases neovascularization and vascular repair and improves functional recovery. Furthermore, PAD inhibition reduces stroke-induced STING-mediated production of IFN-β, and STING knockdown and IFN receptor-neutralizing antibody treatment reduces BBB breakdown and increases vascular plasticity. Collectively, our results indicate that NET release impairs vascular remodeling during stroke recovery.
•Access to high green quality parks tend to improve residents’ expressed happiness.•Living environment is associated with residents’ expressed happiness.•Different types of urban parks are likely to ...affect residents’ expressed happiness.•Links between parks and residents’ happiness is more evident during the pandemic.
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted human health worldwide. In these unprecedented times, the benefits of urban parks for residents have gained attention. However, few studies have explored the effects of urban parks on residents’ expressed happiness from the perspective of big data, and fewer have further deciphered the disparities between residents’ expressed happiness before and during the pandemic. In this study, we explored the effects of urban parks on residents’ happiness by including nine independent factors in baseline regression models, and chose 577 urban parks in Nanjing City, China, as study sites. Around 600,000 geotagged posts crawled on Sina Weibo (Chinese Twitter) were employed to obtain residents’ expressed happiness. The results demonstrated that residents with access to urban parks with higher normalized differential vegetation index (NDVI) values are likely to be happier; and subdistrict-scale urban parks have the highest positive association with residents’ expressed happiness. The presence of water, relatively dense populations, low land surface temperatures, and a low proportion of impervious land in the living environment were significantly associated with the higher expressed happiness of residents. The research period was divided into before and during the pandemic, and we identified that the positive association between NDVI of urban parks and residents’ expressed happiness increased by one-half during the pandemic period compared to the overall results (0.372 vs. 0.255), indicating that the COVID-19 pandemic awakened Chinese residents’ longing for high “green quality” urban parks. Our findings can provide guidance and recommendations for health-oriented urban park planning and design.
The high performance of a pseudocapacitor electrode relies largely on a scrupulous design of nanoarchitectures and smart hybridization of bespoke active materials. We present a powerful two-step ...solution-based method for the fabrication of transition metal oxide core/shell nanostructure arrays on various conductive substrates. Demonstrated examples include Co3O4 or ZnO nanowire core and NiO nanoflake shells with a hierarchical and porous morphology. The “oriented attachment” and “self-assembly” crystal growth mechanisms are proposed to explain the formation of the NiO nanoflake shell. Supercapacitor electrodes based on the Co3O4/NiO nanowire arrays on 3D macroporous nickel foam are thoroughly characterized. The electrodes exhibit a high specific capacitance of 853 F/g at 2 A/g after 6000 cycles and an excellent cycling stability, owing to the unique porous core/shell nanowire array architecture, and a rational combination of two electrochemically active materials. Our growth approach offers a new technique for the design and synthesis of transition metal oxide or hydroxide hierarchical nanoarrays that are promising for electrochemical energy storage, catalysis, and gas sensing applications.
An outstanding feature of topological quantum materials is their novel spin topology in the electronic band structures with an expected large charge‐to‐spin conversion efficiency. Here, a ...charge‐current‐induced spin polarization in the type‐II Weyl semimetal candidate WTe2 and efficient spin injection and detection in a graphene channel up to room temperature are reported. Contrary to the conventional spin Hall and Rashba–Edelstein effects, the measurements indicate an unconventional charge‐to‐spin conversion in WTe2, which is primarily forbidden by the crystal symmetry of the system. Such a large spin polarization can be possible in WTe2 due to a reduced crystal symmetry combined with its large spin Berry curvature, spin–orbit interaction with a novel spin‐texture of the Fermi states. A robust and practical method is demonstrated for electrical creation and detection of such a spin polarization using both charge‐to‐spin conversion and its inverse phenomenon and utilized it for efficient spin injection and detection in the graphene channel up to room temperature. These findings open opportunities for utilizing topological Weyl materials as nonmagnetic spin sources in all‐electrical van der Waals spintronic circuits and for low‐power and high‐performance nonvolatile spintronic technologies.
An outstanding feature of the topological Weyl semimetal WTe2 is its novel spin topologies in the electronic band structure. An unconventional charge–spin conversion in WTe2 due to its lower crystal symmetry combined with large Berry curvature and spin‐texture of the Fermi states is demonstrated. These findings have great potential for utilizing WTe2 for spintronic circuits and quantum technologies.
Pesticides directly pollute the environment and contaminate foods ultimately being absorbed by the human body. Their residues contain highly toxic substances that have been found to cause serious ...problems to human health even at very low concentrations. The gold standard method, gas/liquid chromatography combined with mass spectroscopy, has been widely used for the detection of pesticide residues. However, these methods have some drawbacks such as complicated pretreatment and cleanup steps. Recent technological advancements of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) have promoted the creation of alternative detection techniques. SERS is a useful detection tool with ultrasensitivity and simpler protocols. Present SERS-based pesticide residue detection often uses standard solutions of target analytes in conjunction with theoretical Raman spectra calculated by density functional theory (DFT) and actual Raman spectra detected by SERS. SERS is quite a promising technique for the direct detection of pesticides at trace levels in liquid samples or on the surface of solid samples following simple extraction to increase the concentration of analytes. In this review, we highlight recent studies on SERS-based pesticide detection, including SERS for pesticide standard solution detection and for pesticides in/on food samples. Moreover, in-depth analysis of pesticide chemical structures, structural alteration during food processing, interaction with SERS substrates, and selection of SERS-active substrates is involved.
The linear canonical transform (LCT) has been shown to be one of the most powerful tools in signal processing, and in this paper, we propose an adaptive approach for the computation of the discrete ...LCT (DLCT), termed the sliding discrete linear canonical transform (SDLCT). First, we introduce a scheme for the single-point DLCT, which can effectively calculate a single or a few linear canonical spectra. Second, the SDLCT is proposed based on an iterative algorithm to meet the requirements of online spectral analysis when only a subset of N frequencies are required from an Ñ-point discrete LCT (N ≤ Ñ). The additivity and reversibility properties of the proposed algorithms are also discussed in detail. Third, the DLCT convolution operation is obtained to reduce the spectral leakage of the proposed algorithm, and time-domain windowing is implemented via frequency-domain convolution. Finally, we present two methods to assess performance with regard to computational complexity and precision and to show the correctness of the derived results.
A remarkable enhancement of Raman scattering is achieved by submicrometer‐sized spherical ZnO superstructures. The secondary superstructures of ZnO particles with a uniform diameter in the range of ...220–490 nm was formed by aggregating ca. 13 nm primary single crystallites. By engineering the superstructure size to induce Mie resonances, leading to an electromagnetic contribution to the SERS enhancement. Meanwhile, a highly efficient charge‐transfer (CT) contribution derived from the primary structure of the ZnO nanocrystallites was able to enhance the SERS signals as well. The highest Raman enhancement factor of 105 was achieved for a non‐resonant molecule by the synergistic effect of CT and Mie resonances. The Mie resonances scattered near‐field effect investigated in the present study provides not only an important guide for designing novel SERS‐active semiconductor substrates, but also a coherent framework for modelling the electromagnetic mechanism of SERS on semiconductors.
Supersize Mie: A remarkable enhancement of Raman scattering is achieved by submicrometer‐sized spherical ZnO superstructures by a synergistic effect of charge‐transfer and Mie resonances.
Considerable specific cross-sectional and review studies have linked exposure to green spaces to improving public health, but there is no bibliometric review attempting to systemically and ...retrospectively analyze these existing articles. Here we aim to uncover global research status, trends, and future prospects in green spaces and health (G-H) research then propose a framework for the underlying mechanisms and pathways that link green space to public health. We obtained 18 961 G-H research publications from the core Web of Science collection from 1901 to 2019, analyzing the characteristics of publication outputs, key scientific disciplines, and differences in performance between countries and institutions. Besides, content analysis was conducted to analyze the keywords, including keyword co-occurrence analysis and keyword clustering analysis. We found: (1) a steady quantitative increase in publications, active journals, and involved countries and institutions since the 1990s; (2) a signi cant increase and changes in G-H related interdisciplinary categories, with environment-related disciplines becoming the mainstream; (3) research focus and trends that were identified based on the analysis of high-frequency co-occurring keywords; (4) three main knowledge domains, namely, green spaces and physical health, mental health, and ecosystem health, that were identified and visualized based on keyword clustering analysis; (5) a framework of underlying mechanisms and pathways linking green space to public health that is proposed based on visualization of the three main knowledge domains. We suggest that the main challenge of G-H research is to further clarify in-depth the underlying mechanisms and pathways from multiple perspectives, including multiple nations, disciplines, and study designs. The lack of co-occurring keywords and clustering information related to social well-being suggests that research related to 'social health' is lacking. Based on a clear understanding of the quantity, quality, and characteristics of green space for public health, a health-based environmental plan should be proposed in the future.
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