Tocotrienols (T3s) are a subclass of unsaturated vitamin E that have been extensively studied for their anti-proliferative, anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties in numerous cancer studies. ...Recently, T3s have received increasing attention due to their previously unrecognized property to attenuate obesity and its associated metabolic complications. In this review, we comprehensively evaluated the recent published scientific literature about the influence of T3s on obesity, with a particular emphasis on the signaling pathways involved. T3s have been demonstrated in animal models or human subjects to reduce fat mass, body weight, plasma concentrations of free fatty acid, triglycerides and cholesterol, as well as to improve glucose and insulin tolerance. Their mechanisms of action in adipose tissue mainly include (1) modulation of fat cell adipogenesis and differentiation; (2) modulation of energy sensing; (3) induction of apoptosis in preadipocytes and (4) modulation of inflammation. Studies have also been conducted to investigate the effects of T3s on other targets, e.g., the immune system, liver, muscle, pancreas and bone. Since δT3 and γT3 are regarded as the most active isomers among T3s, their clinical relevance to reduce obesity should be investigated in human trials.
Lipophagy is defined as the autophagic degradation of lipid droplets. It is a selective autophagy process that can continuously circulate and redistribute metabolites to maintain the body's energy ...balance. Over the last ten years, there has been a significant increase in the amount of literature on lipophagy, making it more challenging to track the field's advancement using conventional techniques. The data from the lipophagy literature published in the last ten years was converted into visual representations with the use of bibliometric tools. An increasing number of countries and institutions are delving further into lipophagy research with the support of visualization technologies. The five main illnesses of cancer, atherosclerosis, fatty liver, hyperlipidemia, and neurodegenerative diseases have become study opportunities, as have the mechanisms of macroautophagy, microautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy.
•This article uses bibliometrics to sort out the literature on lipophagy in the past decade.•Investigate the history, frontiers, and most recent developments in lipophagy research by using visual knowledge networks and maps.•It was found that various countries and institutions have increasingly conducted more and more in-depth research on lipophagy.•The three forms of autophagy—macroautophagy, microautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy—have demonstrated their potential therapeutic in cancer, atherosclerosis, fatty liver, hyperlipidemia, and neurodegenerative diseases.
Soil moisture is a key parameter for the circulation of water and energy exchange between surface and the atmosphere, playing an important role in hydrology, agriculture, and meteorology. Traditional ...methods for monitoring soil moisture suffer from spatial discontinuity, time-consuming processes, and high costs. Remote sensing technology enables the non-destructive and efficient retrieval of land information, allowing rapid soil moisture monitoring to schedule crop irrigation and evaluate the irrigation efficiency. Satellite data with different resolutions provide different observation scales. Evaluating the accuracy of estimating soil moisture based on open and free satellite data, as well as exploring the comprehensiveness and adaptability of different satellites for soil moisture temporal and spatial observations, are important research contents of current soil moisture monitoring. The study utilized three types of satellite data, namely GF-1, Landsat-8, and GF-4, with respective temporal and spatial resolutions of 16 m (every 4 days), 30 m (every 16 days), and 50 m (daily). The gray relational analysis (GRA) was employed to identify vegetation indices that selected sensitivity to soil moisture at varying depths (3 cm, 10 cm, and 20 cm). Then, this study employed random forest (RF), Extra Tree (ETr), and linear regression (LR) algorithms to estimate soil moisture at different depths with optical satellite data sources. The results showed that the accuracy of soil moisture estimation was different at different growth stages. The model accuracy exhibited an upward trend during the middle and late growth stages, coinciding with higher vegetation coverage; however, it demonstrated a decline in accuracy during the early and late growth stages due to either the absence or limited presence of vegetation. Among the three satellite images, the vegetation indices derived from GF-1 exhibited were more sensitive to vegetation characteristics and demonstrated superior soil moisture estimation accuracy (with R2 ranging 0.129–0.928, RMSE ranging 0.017–0.078), followed by Landsat-8 (with R2 ranging 0.117–0.862, RMSE ranging 0.017–0.088). The soil moisture estimation accuracy of GF-4 was the worst (with R2 ranging 0.070–0.921, RMSE ranging 0.020–0.140). Thus, GF-1 is suitable for vegetated areas. In addition, the ETr model outperformed the other models in both accuracy and stability (ETr model: R2 ranging from 0.117 to 0.928, RMSE ranging from 0.021 to 0.091; RF model: R2 ranging from 0.225 to 0.926, RMSE ranging from 0.019 to 0.085; LR model: R2 ranging from 0.048 to 0.733, RMSE ranging from 0.030 to 0.144). Utilizing GF-1 is recommended to construct the ETr model for assessing soil moisture variations in the farming land of northern China. Therefore, in cases where there are limited ground sample data, it is advisable to utilize high-spatiotemporal-resolution remote sensing data, along with machine learning algorithms such as ETr and RF, which are suitable for small samples, for soil moisture estimation.
Abstract
Islands are special bodies of land surrounded by seawater. Many islands are facing water shortages as the demand for groundwater increases, thus, highlighting the importance and urgency of ...the assessment, planning, and management of island groundwater resources. To facilitate the same, the groundwater potential of the Penghu Islands in China was assessed for the first time using remote sensing (RS), geographic information system (GIS), and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Long‐term series remote sensing studies were also conducted to monitor the dynamic change in groundwater potential and to identify groundwater potential areas. In this study, the geological environment factors were normalized, and their weight was allocated based on the AHP of RS and GIS. The groundwater potential assessment (GPA) index, established using the weighted comprehensive algorithm, was used to analyse groundwater potential and demarcate groundwater potential zones. Finally, the trend in the spatio‐temporal variation of groundwater potential was analysed using long‐term series remote sensing data. The results from 2015 to 2021 showed that the Penghu Islands can be divided into five groundwater potential zones of different grades, such as 6.3%–8.1% of grade I, 22.2%–24.2% of grade II, 23%–24.4% of grade III, 19.6%–21% of grade IV, and 25.1%–25.5% of grade V. The results of the GPA were verified by comparing them with the abundance of water‐content rock formation in hydrogeologic maps, which yielded correlation coefficients of 78.3%–88.9%. Overall, the groundwater potential zones of different grades in the study area tended to be stable all year‐round, including the zones of grades I and II. The results of this study highlighted the reliability of predicting groundwater potential based on long‐term series remote sensing data and its usability to local personnel in appropriate groundwater resource planning and management.
Background: In a small proportion of cases, spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee (SONK) involves the medial tibial plateau (MT). Here, we introduced the clinical characteristics of spontaneous ...osteonecrosis of the MT and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) as the favorable treatment for this situation based on a retrospective case study.
Methods: Patients with spontaneous osteonecrosis of the MT, confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine (China) from March 2015 to June 2016, were included as a case serial and analyzed retrospectively. All patients underwent Oxford Medial UKA. The characteristics of their lesions, corresponding treatment, and results of follow-up were presented. The lesion scores and grade were determined according to the criteria of Ficat and Arlet.
Results: In total, 22 patients (5 men, 17 women; mean age, 64.1 years) with spontaneous osteonecrosis of the MT were analyzed. The lesion stages assessment showed that 3 (14%) were Stage II, 10 (45%) were Stage III, 7 (32%) were Stage IV, and 2 (9%) were Stage V. In the sagittal plane, 7 (32%) were in the anterior region (MTa) and 15 (68%) were central (MTc). The lesion volume averaged 2.24 ± 0.79 cm3 (range: 1.57-3.08 cm3). Seventeen patients (77%) had Level III posterior medial meniscus root tears (MMRTs). All the patients underwent UKA. Average follow-up was 30.0 ± 6.4 months with a range of 23.0-38.0 months. The visual analog scale score was 7.78 ± 0.67 before surgery while decreased to 2.22 ± 1.09 at the final follow-up (P < 0.001). The Hospital for Special Surgery scores of pre-/post-surgery were 65.67 ± 5.45 and 84.10 ± 4.20, respectively (P < 0.001).
Conclusions: SONK often occurs in the anterior and central tibial plateau due to abnormal stresses. Most of the patients had Level III posterior medial meniscus root tears. MRI is recommended for suspected cases to identify SONK at an early stage. The use of the Oxford Medial UKA for SONK of the MT is reliable both immediately and at follow-up.
Morchella is a kind of precious edible, medicinal fungi with a series of important effects, including anti-tumor and anti-oxidation effects. Based on the data of 18 environmental variables and the ...distribution sites of wild Morchella species, this study used a maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model to predict the changes in the geographic distribution of Morchella species in different historical periods (the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), Mid Holocene (MH), current, 2050s and 2070s). The results revealed that the area under the curve (AUC) values of the receiver operating characteristic curves of different periods were all relatively high (>0.83), indicating that the results of the maximum entropy model are good. Species distribution modeling showed that the major factors influencing the geographical distribution of Morchella species were the precipitation of the driest quarter (Bio17), elevation, the mean temperature of the coldest quarter (Bio11) and the annual mean temperature (Bio1). The simulation of geographic distribution suggested that the current suitable habitat of Morchella was mainly located in Yunnan, Sichuan, Gansu, Shaanxi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR) and other provinces in China. Compared with current times, the suitable area in Northwest and Northeast China decreased in the LGM and MH periods. As for the future periods, the suitable habitats all increased under the different scenarios compared with those in contemporary times, showing a trend of expansion to Northeast and Northwest China. These results could provide a theoretical basis for the protection, rational exploitation and utilization of wild Morchella resources under scenarios of climate change.
BACKGROUND Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is currently the most commonly diagnosed endocrine malignancy. In addition, the sex- and age-adjusted incidence of PTC has exhibited a greater increase over ...the last 2 decades than in many other malignancies. Thus, discovering noninvasive specific serum biomarker to distinguish PTC from cancer-free controls in its early stages remains an important goal. MATERIAL AND METHODS Serum samples from 88 PTC patients and 80 cancer-free controls were randomly allocated into training or validation sets. Serum peptide profiling was performed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) after using weak cation exchange magnetic beads (WCX-MB), and the results were evaluated by use of ClinProTools™ Software. To distinguish PTC from cancer-free controls, quick classifier (QC), supervised neural network (SNN), and genetic algorithm (GA) models were established. The models were blindly validated to verify their diagnostic capabilities. The most discriminative peaks were subsequently identified with a nano-liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry system. RESULTS Six peptide ions were identified as the most discriminative peaks between the PTC and cancer-free control samples. The QC model exhibited satisfactory sensitivity and specificity among the 3 models that were validated. Two peaks, at m/z 2671.17 and m/z 1464.68, were identified as fragments of the alpha chain of fibrinogen, while a peak at m/z 1738.92 was a fragment of complement component 4A/B. CONCLUSIONS MS combined with ClinProTools™ software was able to detect peptide biomarkers in PTC patients. In addition, the constructed classification models provided a serum peptidome pattern for distinguishing PTC from cancer-free controls. Both fibrinogen a and complement C4A/B were identified as potential markers for diagnosis of PTC.
In recent years, the occurrence and scope of oil market risks are rising. To identify the possible risks of the oil market fully and effectively, we propose a method with which to extract the risk ...factors from network news based on an LDA model (a text-mining technology). The method is as follows: firstly, using web crawler technology to obtain 18,000 news items, we turn them into structured data, the LDA topic model is then used to extract the optimal topics from the news, finally, the topic and risk factors will correspond in some way. After comparing and integrating the rationality of risk factors, 28 risk factors were identified. The results show that various risk factors are centred around geopolitics, war conflicts, environmental protection, OPEC policies, and market supply and demand. Among them, political conflicts, economic sanctions, and warfare involving oil-producing regions are the most prominent factors, specifically as they relate to Latin America economic sanctions, and the Syrian war. The relationships between these factors is analysed to assess oil market risk factors structure, and analyse a specific part of the oil market supply chain. Compared with traditional expert consultation and brainstorming methods, this method shows the advantages of being more comprehensive, detailed and easy to operate.
Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is, economically, one of the most important cultured fish in the world. Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is a serious pathogen causing high morbidity ...and mortality in rainbow trout. To gain more insight into the immune response of rainbow trout to the virus, RNA sequencing technology was used to examine the transcriptome profiles in spleens of trout infected and uninfected with IHNV. A total of 9144 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, of which 3274 were upregulated and 5870 were downregulated. The expression levels of 13 DEGs were validated by quantitative real-time PCR. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that most DEGs were significantly enriched in major immune terms such as immune system process, immune effector process, response to stimulus and key immune signaling pathways. Moreover, we detected the expression levels of six key immune-related genes based on transcriptomic data and protein–protein interaction analysis in four important immune signaling pathways at 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, and 144 h post-infection, including Toll-like receptor signaling pathway (TLR2 and TLR5M), RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway (TRIM25), NOD-like receptor signaling pathway (RIPK2 and A20) and JAK-STAT signaling pathway (SOCS2). Results revealed that the immune-related genes in these pathways were involved in the antiviral immune response. Altogether, this study provides a better understanding of the dynamic immune response of rainbow trout infected with IHNV, which will lay a foundation for further study of molecular mechanisms of anti-IHNV innate immunity.
•RNA-seq was used to examine the transcriptome profiles in spleens of rainbow trout infected and uninfected with IHNV.•Most of the DEGs were involved in the defense response to virus.•A total of six key immune-related genes were identified based on transcriptional data.•The key genes were selected for qRT-PCR to characterize the dynamic immune regulation.
Retromer controls cellular homeostasis through regulating integral membrane protein sorting and transport and by controlling maturation of the endo-lysosomal network. Retromer dysfunction, which is ...linked to neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, manifests in complex cellular phenotypes, though the precise nature of this dysfunction, and its relation to neurodegeneration, remain unclear. Here, we perform an integrated multi-omics approach to provide precise insight into the impact of Retromer dysfunction on endo-lysosomal health and homeostasis within a human neuroglioma cell model. We quantify widespread changes to the lysosomal proteome, indicative of broad lysosomal dysfunction and inefficient autophagic lysosome reformation, coupled with a reconfigured cell surface proteome and secretome reflective of increased lysosomal exocytosis. Through this global proteomic approach and parallel transcriptomic analysis, we provide a holistic view of Retromer function in regulating lysosomal homeostasis and emphasise its role in neuroprotection.
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