Recent studies showed that inappropriate expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) is strongly associated with tumor-related processes in humans (2-9,11-17).
To understand the changes of miRNAs in ...endometriosis.
With real-time RT-PCR, we investigated the miR-143 and miR-145 expression in eutopic (EU, n=2) and ectopic endometrium (EC, n=11) (from women with endometriosis) (as well as EU+EC, n=11), along with the normal endometrium (EN, n=22) (from women without endometriosis, but with leiomyoma).
We did not find that the expression of miR-143 and/or miR-145 in EN or EC changed with menstrual cycle. But our results showed the miR-143 was up-regulated in EC (p=0.000) compared to EN. The miR-143 was also up-regulated in EU, but the difference did not reach statistically significance (p=0.053). Compared to EU, the expression of miR-143 in EC was up-regulated (p=0.016). MiR-145 had the similar characteristic to miR-143. The miR-145 was up-regulated in both EU (p=0.004) and EC (p=0.000) in compared to EN group. When compared with EU, the miR-145 in EC was up-regulated (p=0.008).
In conclusion, the miR-143 and miR-145 may play a certain role in the development and progression of endometriosis.
In article number 1800246, Yiping Zhao and co‐workers demonstrate a unique non‐contact single cell manipulation technique based on the actuation of magnetic nanorods or clusters by non‐uniform ...alternating magnetic fields. This single cell manipulation system is simple, involves low costs and power consumption, and helps advance the progress of single‐particle manipulation.
Nanostructured thin film (NSTF) is composed of thin layers of nanostructured objects such as nanoparticles, nanorods, nanotubes, nanowires, and nanoporous networks. Fabrication and synthesis of those ...nanostructured thin films are essential for exploring their properties and creating advanced applications. This chapter gives an overview of a range of synthesis methods for NSTFs, such as thermal vapor transport methods, catalyst-assisted fabrication methods, physical vapor deposition methods, chemical vapor deposition methods, sol–gel methods, diblock copolymer methods, spin coating methods, electrochemical deposition/etching methods, electrospinning methods, and template-based synthesis techniques. In the end, we have detailed an emerging nanofabrication method, the glancing angle deposition method, and its capability to design NSTF with different geometry and compositions.
The field of biomaterial engineering is increasingly using high‐throughput approaches to investigate cell–material interactions. Because most material libraries are prepared as chips, ...immunofluorescence‐based read‐outs are used to uniquely image individual materials. This paper proposes to produce libraries of materials using a well‐based strategy in which each material is physically separated, and thus compatible with standard biochemical assays. In this work, the TopoWellPlate, a novel system to study cell–surface topography interaction in high‐throughput is presented. From a larger library of topographies, 87 uniquely defined bioactive surface topographies are identified, which induce a wide variety of cellular morphologies. Topographically enhanced polystyrene films are fabricated in a multistep cleanroom process and served as base for the TopoWellPlate. Thermal bonding of the films to bottomless 96‐well plates results in a cell culture ready, topographically enhanced, 96‐well plate. The overall metabolic activity of bone marrow‐derived human mesenchymal stem cells is measured to show the functionality of the TopoWellPlate as a screening tool, which showed a 2.5‐fold difference range in metabolic activity per cell. TopoWellPlates of this and other topographical designs can be used to analyze cells using the wealth of standardized molecular assays available and thus disclose the mechanisms of biomaterials‐induced mechanotransduction.
The TopoWellPlate is a novel system to study cell–surface topography interaction in high‐throughput. From a library of topographies, 87 uniquely defined bioactive surface topographies are identified, which induce a wide variety of cellular morphologies. Topographically enhanced polystyrene films are fabricated in order to create cell culture ready 96‐well plates to study biomaterial‐induced mechanotransduction.
A series ofpenicillide analogues, with modifications at C-3 and C-9 positions, are synthesized as potential cho-lesteryl ester transfer protein （CETP） inhibitors. The preliminary in vitro inhibition ...assay provided some valuable structure-activity relationship information about penicillide.
Random rough surfaces play key roles not only in fundamental research but also in technological applications. There are two major experimental methods used by scientists and engineers to study the ...properties of random rough surfaces: real space techniques such as stylus profilometer, scanning force microscopy, etc., and reciprocal space techniques, namely scattering. The advantages of scattering techniques are non- destructive and can be used in a hostile environment. Based on roughening phenomena observed in thin film growth/etch fronts, we have established models to characterize different kinds of random rough surfaces such as self-affine and mound surfaces. We have also developed scattering theories corresponding to these surface models as well as experimental in-plane light scattering to measure the reciprocal space structures corresponding to these growth/etch surface fronts. We found that measurements using in-plane light scattering are particularly convenient for mapping reciprocal space characteristics. Specifically, we will present three experimental examples using in-plane light scattering: unpolished Si wafer surfaces, pitting corrosion of Al films on Si, and wet chemical etching of Si surfaces. We measured the detailed characteristics of the reciprocal space structures from rough Si (backside) surfaces using in-plane light scattering intensity distribution or an angular profile at various incident angles. Since the backsides of Si wafers can be characterized as self-affine surfaces, all the relevant roughness parameters such as the interface width w, lateral correlation length ξ, and the roughness exponent α can be quantitatively extracted from the scattering characteristics that we developed for self-affine surfaces. The roughness parameters which we extracted from the in-plane light scattering are consistent with those obtained from real space imaging techniques such as atomic force microscopy and stylus profilometry. We also studied the pitting morphology of aluminum thin films by using the same in-plane light scattering setup. Since the surface morphology is quasi two levels, the scattering characteristics of a pitting surface is quite different from the self-affine backside of a Si wafer. We have shown that the average pit depth, the pitting area, the pit density, and the fractal dimension of the surface can be determined quantitatively from the angular scattering profiles. Finally, we used in-plane light scattering setup as a real time in-situ probe to study the wet chemical etching process of Si(100). We achieved a temporal resolution of about 30 milliseconds. In addition, based on a simple scattering theory, the number of etch pits and other statistical parameters on the pitted surface such as the correlation length and interface width can be extracted from the scattering profile. The time evolution of the surface morphology can be interpreted by a simple rate equation. We have demonstrated from the above examples, that by pushing in-plane light scattering to grazing incident geometry, which increases the momentum transfer parallel to the surface, we can detect interface width w as large as one micron which was not possible before. Also, by using a photo diode array detector we can obtain an angular distribution of light intensity within 30 milliseconds. The consistent results obtained from scattering and real space imaging further show that the scattering theories we have developed describe faithfully the real space growth/etch fronts. All these results put the in-plane light scattering in the category of powerful real time in-situ techniques for measuring surface morphology evolution of growth/etch in non-vacuum and hostile conditions.
Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II（NSGA-II）with multiple constraints handling is employed for multi-objective optimization of the topological structure of telescope skin,in which a bit-matrix ...is used as the representation of a chromosome,and genetic algorithm（GA）operators are introduced based on the matrix.Objectives including mass,in-plane performance,and out-of-plane load-bearing ability of the individuals are obtained by fnite element analysis（FEA）using ANSYS,and the matrix-based optimization algorithm is realized in MATLAB by handling multiple constraints such as structural connectivity and in-plane strain requirements.Feasible confgurations of the support structure are achieved.The results confrm that the matrix-based NSGA-II with multiple constraints handling provides an effective method for two-dimensional multi-objective topology optimization.
从水稻根系形态学角度研究了水稻根系与叶片衰老的关系。发现在水稻根生长过程中伴随着根穿鞘现象，该现象影响到叶片的衰老进程。对300余个品种的考察分析表明，根发生的节位与功能叶片数量密切相关，发根节位越高，齐穗期功能叶片越少。齐穗期水稻地上部不发根节的数量与绿叶数量呈极显著正相关（r=0.8457），直线回归方程是y=0.0045+0.9756x。推测根穿鞘生长对叶片造成的损伤及营养竞争是导致和加速叶片衰老与死亡的直接原因；高节位根生长和根数量过多是杂交水稻叶片早衰的重要原因。提出控制根数量、适当增加分枝根数目和加深根分布是未来开展水稻根系育种、塑造水稻理想根型的基本方向。
An interesting phenomenon of root growth in rice has been observed. The phenomenon is that the roots emerged from the nodes consequentially penetrate the base of leaf sheath grown from the nodes where roots grow and below it as well. The results from experiments with 300 diverse cultivars showed that the number of non-rooting nodes and the number of green leaves in full-heading stage presented the positive correlation (r=0.8457), and the linear regression equation was y=0.0045+0.9756x. The results indicated that wounding made by root penetrating growth and contesting nutrition likely cause and accelerate leaf senescence, rooting at higher nodes and overmuch root numbers are an important reasons of leaf premature senescence in
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