We isolated 20 polymorphic microsatellite markers in the crab-eating frog
Fejervarya cancrivora
which has experienced drastic population declines in China. The number of alleles per locus ranged from ...3 to 17, and the observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.181 to 0.939. Fourteen loci were highly polymorphic (PIC > 0.5), four are moderately polymorphic (0.2 < PIC < 0.5), and two loci showed low polymorphism (PIC < 0.2). The combined probability of identity for the 20 loci was 6.2 × 10
−19
. Two loci deviated from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. These markers will provide useful tools for population genetic studies of
F. cancrivora
.
World models learn the consequences of actions in vision-based interactive systems. However, in practical scenarios like autonomous driving, noncontrollable dynamics that are independent or sparsely ...dependent on action signals often exist, making it challenging to learn effective world models. To address this issue, we propose Iso-Dream++, a model-based reinforcement learning approach that has two main contributions. First, we optimize the inverse dynamics to encourage the world model to isolate controllable state transitions from the mixed spatiotemporal variations of the environment. Second, we perform policy optimization based on the decoupled latent imaginations, where we roll out noncontrollable states into the future and adaptively associate them with the current controllable state. This enables long-horizon visuomotor control tasks to benefit from isolating mixed dynamics sources in the wild, such as self-driving cars that can anticipate the movement of other vehicles, thereby avoiding potential risks. On top of our previous work (Pan et al. 2022), we further consider the sparse dependencies between controllable and noncontrollable states, address the training collapse problem of state decoupling, and validate our approach in transfer learning setups. Our empirical study demonstrates that Iso-Dream++ outperforms existing reinforcement learning models significantly on CARLA and DeepMind Control.
It remains a great challenge to develop polymer‐based materials with efficient and color‐tunable organic afterglow. Two indolocarbazole derivatives IaCzA and IbCzA have been synthesized and doped ...into poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) matrices. It is found that the resulting films can produce unique dual‐mode afterglow, which is composed of persistent thermally activated delayed fluorescence and ultralong organic phosphorescence. Besides, the IbCzA‐doped PVA film exhibits intense blue afterglow with Φafterglow and τafterglow up to 19.8 % and 1.81 s, respectively, representing state‐of‐the‐art dual‐mode organic afterglow performance. Moreover, our reported film has high flexibility, excellent transparency, and large‐area producibility; and the afterglow color of the film can be linearly tuned by temperature. Inspired by these distinctive properties, the PVA doped with IbCzA was employed as temperature‐sensitive security ink for anti‐counterfeiting and information encryption.
Two indolocarbazole derivatives IaCzA and IbCzA have been synthesized and doped into poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) matrices. It is found that the resulting films simultaneously produce persistent thermally activated delayed fluorescence and ultralong organic phosphorescence, and their afterglow colors can be linearly tuned by temperature. Besides, the IbCzA‐doped PVA film presents state‐of‐the‐art dual‐mode organic afterglow performance.
Intelligent text systems have been shown vulnerable to adversarial attacks. A popular way to enhance the robustness is to leverage transferable adversarial examples. As one of the most important ...statistical models, topic model is widely used in various applications. However, whether adversarial examples exhibit good transferability across topic models has never been explored. In this paper, we propose an effective adversarial example generator TopicAttack to disturb the inference of a target victim topic model and an ensemble algorithm TopicAttack+ to further increase transferability. TopicAttack exploits the words of high importance and constructs adversarial examples via synonym transformation. TopicAttack+ searches the optimal model ensemble given a set of prescribed substitutes, then generate adversarial examples of stronger transferability. Numerically, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method on the benchmark datasets AP, NIPS and 20News. In particular, given eight benchmark substitute models, TopicAttack disturbs them all effectively by achieving high Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence; and TopicAttack+ significantly improves the average transferability performance on NIPS from 1.308 to 1.695.
Anisodamine protects against free radical-induced cellular damage. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of anisodamine on rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury (RIAKI). ...C57BL/6 J mice, TXNIP
−/−
and NLRP3
−/−
(both were C57BL/6 J background) mice were used to construct RIAKI model. Anisodamine administration was performed on RIAKI mice only. Mice were divided into control, TXNIP-KD (knock down), LNPR3-KD, and anisodamine group (n = 15 in each group). The renal injury, renal function, renal tubular cells apoptosis and expression of Caspase-1, ASC, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers IRE-1α, CHOP, and ATF4, and interleukin (IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-18) were detected. The knock down of TXNIP or NLRP3 expression in mice showed protective effect against RIAKI pathogenesis, as compared with the RIAKI mice. The expression of Caspase-1, ASC, and interleukins, renal injury, renal tubular cells apoptosis in TXNIP-KD and LNPR3-KD mice were significantly inhibited in comparison with the RIAKI mice. Moreover, anisodamine treatment reduced expression of ER stress markers IRE-1α, CHOP, and ATF4, TXNIP and NLRP3, as well as ACS, Caspase-1, IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-18, showing moderate protective effect on the changes of above factors comparing with TXNIP or NLRP3 knock down. This study declared that anisodamine showed protective effect on RIAKI model may by inhibiting ER stress associated TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome.
In this study, tri‐layered composites were prepared by reinforcing poly‐lactic acid (PLA) nano‐hydroxyapatite (n‐HA) (1 and 5 wt%) and 20 mol% continuous phosphate glass fibers (PGF). Initially, the ...effect of addition of 1 and 5% n‐HA on the structural, thermal, mechanical, and thermo‐mechanical properties of 100% PLA was investigated. With 5 wt% n‐HA addition the tensile modulus (TM), flexural modulus (FM), tensile strength (TS), and flexural strength (FS) of 100% PLA was improve by 14.9, 47.4, 6, and 32.9%, respectively. Whereas, the un‐notched impact strength of the nanocomposites suffer 2% deterioration. However, T
g decreased by 0.3°C and T
c increased by 10°C as 5 wt% n‐HA was added to 100% PLA. Afterwards, the 5% n‐HA/PLA composite were reinforced with 20 mol% continuous PGF and the TM, FM, TS, and FS of the tri‐layered composites were 162.6, 412.5, 28.4, and 157.4% higher as compared to 100%PLA. Furthermore, the storage modulus of the 1% n‐HA‐filled composites was 500 MPa lower than 100%PLA, while 5 wt% n‐HA‐filled composites showed similar storage modulus as 100% PLA. 5 wt% n‐HA‐filled composite showed the highest peak of loss modulus which may be attribute to the chain segment of PLA matrix after the incorporation of HA. Thus, n‐HA and PGF reinforcement resulted in improved mechanical properties of the composites and have great potential as biodegradable bone fixation device with enhanced load‐bearing ability.
Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) is a micropathological tumor factor believed to increase the risk of tumor metastasis and spread. Propensity score matching (PSM) is a statistical method that can ...control confounding factors. Current research rarely considers the confounding relationship between LVI and other factors that may influence prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between LVI and prognosis in patients with stage I-III colorectal cancer (CRC) by using propensity score matching (PSM).
This was a retrospective study involving 610 patients. PSM was used to adjust for baseline differences between the groups. The survival rates were calculated. A nomogram was constructed based on the Cox proportional hazards model before matching. The C-index, receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), and calibration curve were used to evaluate the nomogram.
A total of 150 patients tested positive for LVI, accounting for 24.6% of the total, and 120 couples of patients were identified after PSM. The survival curve and Cox proportional hazards model after matching confirmed the adverse effects of LVI on tumor prognosis. The Cox proportional hazards model before matching showed that age, carcinoembryonic antigen level, T stage, N stage, histologic grade and LVI were independent prognostic factors. The C-index of the nomogram established based on the Cox proportional hazards model was 0.787 (95% CI=0.728-0.845). The areas under the curve were 0.796 in the 3-year ROC.
LVI is an adverse prognostic factor in patients with stage I-III colorectal cancer.
Globally, urbanization poses a major threat to terrestrial biodiversity, yet its impact on fish diversity is poorly understood, mainly because of surveying difficulties. In this study, environmental ...DNA metabarcoding was used to survey fish communities at 109 lentic and lotic sites across Beijing, and how environmental variables affect fish biodiversity at fine urban spatial scales was investigated. We identified 52 native and 23 non-native taxa, with lentic and lotic waters harboring both common and habitat-specific species. Water quality strongly affected native fish diversity, especially in lentic systems, but had little influence on non-native diversity. Fish diversity showed little response to urban land cover variation, but the relative sequence abundance of non-natives in lotic waters increased linearly with distance from the city center. Our findings illustrate the complex effects of urbanization on native versus non-native fishes in different aquatic habitats and highlight the distinctive considerations needed to conserve urban aquatic biodiversity.
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