This study aimed to investigate the relationship between driver-passenger communicative stress and psychological distress among bus drivers, as well as whether job burnout mediates the effect of ...driver-passenger communicative stress on psychological distress.
A questionnaire consisting of a 12-item version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), a one-item driver-passenger communicative stress scale, the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS), as well as sociodemographic and work factors, was distributed to 310 bus drivers in Shanghai, of which 307 completed it (99.0% response rate). A parallel multiple mediation model with bootstrap approach, was calculated to test the mediating effect.
Driver-passenger communicative stress, emotional exhaustion and cynicism were positively associated with psychological distress. Communicative stress was significantly positively linked with two of the three dimensions of burnout (emotional exhaustion and cynicism) and dependent variable. Emotional exhaustion and cynicism were positively associated with the dependent variable. The results indicate that emotional exhaustion and cynicism partially mediated the effect of communicative stress on psychological health, and that 60.0% of this effect can be explained by mediating effects, in which emotional exhaustion and cynicism weighed 63.2% and 36.8%, respectively.
Communicative stress had effects on psychological distress among Chinese bus drivers, and job burnout was a mediator in this relationship.
In this note, we discuss the Bergman projection
P
and Toeplitz operators
T
μ
with positive measure symbol
μ
between
F
Ψ
p
(
C
n
)
and
F
Ψ
q
(
C
n
)
for
1
≤
p
,
q
≤
∞
. We first show that
P
is a ...bounded projection from
L
Ψ
p
onto
F
Ψ
p
when
1
≤
p
≤
∞
, and then apply it to obtain results on the complex interpolation and the duality of the Fock-type spaces. Furthermore, we obtain the equivalent conditions for the boundedness and compactness of
T
μ
in terms of the averaging function and the Berezin transform, which extend the main results about Toeplitz operators of Seip and Youssfi (J Geom Anal 23:170–201, 2013).
Indigo is solubilized through the reducing action of the microbiota that occurs during alkaline fermentation of composted leaves of
L. (
). However, the environmental effects on the microbiota during ...this treatment, as well as the mechanisms underlying the microbial succession toward stable state remain unknown. In this study, physicochemical analyses and Illumina metagenomic sequencing was used to determine the impact pretreatment conditions on the subsequent initiation of bacterial community transition and their convergence, dyeing capacity and the environmental factors critical for indigo reducing state during aging of
. The initial pretreatment conditions analyzed included 60°C tap water (heat treatment: batch 1), 25°C tap water (control; batch 2), 25°C wood ash extract (high pH; batch 3) and hot wood ash extract (heat and high pH; batch 4), coupled with successive addition of wheat bran from days 5 to 194. High pH had larger impact than heat treatment on the microbiota, producing more rapid transitional changes from days 1 to 2. Although the initial bacterial community composition and dyeing intensity differed during days 2-5, the microbiota appropriately converged to facilitate indigo reduction from day 7 in all the batches, with
,
,
,
and
core taxa contributing to the improvement of when the dyeing intensity. This convergence is attributed to the continuous maintenance of high pH (day 1 ~) and low redox potential (day 2~), along with the introduction of wheat bran at day 5 (day 5~). PICRUSt2 predictive function profiling revealed the enrichment of phosphotransferease system (PTS) and starch and sucrose metabolism subpathways key toward indigo reduction. Seven NAD(P)-dependent oxidoreductases KEGG orthologs correlating to the dyeing intensity was also identified, with
,
, and
contributing significantly toward the initiation of indigo reduction in batch 3. During the ripening period, the staining intensity was maintained by continuous addition of wheat bran and the successive emergence of indigo-reducing bacteria that also contributed to material circulation in the system. The above results provide insight into the interaction of microbial system and environmental factors in
fermentation.
The predictive and protective effect of hardiness on mental health remains unclear among shift workers on non-24-h working schedules. The present study aimed to investigate the independent and joint ...trajectories of depression and anxiety symptoms and the role of hardiness during a prolonged period of non-24-h shift working schedule.
Four hundred nine Chinese male sailors (working on 18-h watchstanding schedule) were recruited and completed all 5-wave tests through online questionnaires (at Day 1, 14, 28, 42, 55, respectively) during a 55-day sailing. The questionnaires included sociodemographic variables, hardiness, depression and anxiety symptoms. Independent and joint trajectories of depression and anxiety symptoms were estimated by latent growth mixture models. The effect of hardiness on trajectories was examined by logistic regression models.
2 and 3 latent trajectories were identified for depression and anxiety symptoms, respectively. Based on initial levels and development trends, 3 distinct joint trajectories of depression and anxiety were identifed and named as: "Low-Inverted U" group (73.6%), "Moderate-Deterioration" group (6.9%), and "High-Stable" group (9.5%). Sailors with higher levels of hardiness were more likely to follow the "Low-Inverted U" trajectory of depression and anxiety symptoms (all p < 0.001).
There existed individual differences in the trajectories of depression and anxiety. Hardiness may have a protective effect that can prevent and alleviate depression and anxiety symptoms. Therefore, hardiness-based intervention programs are encouraged among the shift workers on non-24-h working and rest schedules.
Indigo is a fabric dye that requires reduction by microbial activity or chemical reagents to render it soluble in water. Sources of indigo for fermentation are primarily divided into composted ...indigo-containing plants and indigo extracted from plants. To elucidate the factors responsible for bacterial diversity, and for sustaining reduced state of indigo in different preparations, this study assessed fermentation-derived fluids using composted plant leaves, sukumo, and extracted indigo (Ryukyu-ai paste, and Indian indigo cake) prepared using different procedures. Regardless of the indigo source, obligate anaerobic bacteria, including the families Proteinivoraceae and Tissierellaceae, predominate (16.9–46.1%), suggesting their high affinity for this fermentation ecosystem (hyperalkaline and low redox potential). Moreover, bacterial communities in sukumo fermentations are more diverse than those from indigo extracts with the diversity tending to increase based on the fermentation period. Our results further suggest that the microbiota composition in sukumo fermentation is associated with the various bacterial nutrients derived from sukumo, including seed microorganisms. In addition, the debris derived from sukumo can reduce the pH stress experienced by the microorganisms. Further, regardless of 5.4 years difference in the fermentation age, the bacterial flora in two Ryukyu-ai batches exhibit similar features with low microbial diversities. The uniformity of the nutrient, along with the simple, yet strong, bacterial network in Ryukyu-ai fluids may be responsible for the stable bacterial flora composition. Taken together, these results indicate that the microbiota in indigo fermentation is highly influenced by the seed culture, the nutrient derived from raw materials, and the fermentation conditions.
Display omitted
•The complexity of the bacterial community in sukumo fluid depends on the complexity of its consituents and the fermentation environment.•The substrate along with the strong bacterial network in Ryukyu-ai fluids may be responsible for the strong sustainability.•Microbiota in indigo fermentation is influenced by various conditions such as the seed culture, the substrate, and fermentation conditions.
Water-insoluble indigo is solubilized by the reducing action of microorganisms which occurs during fermentation. In natural indigo fermentation, composted leaves of
Polygonum tinctorium
L. (
sukumo
) ...are the raw material that has been used as both the indigo source and the bacterial inoculum. Ideally, indigo reduction occurs shortly after preparation of the fermentation vat. The time-to-reduction depends on the quality of the
sukumo
and the methods for preparation and management of the fermentation batch. We estimated the effect of adding
Indigofera tinctoria
L. leaf powder (LP) to indigo fermentation in two fermentations originally exhibiting either rapid or slow time-to-reduction (T-
sukumo
and D-
sukumo
, respectively).
Alkalihalobacillus
spp. (97.7%–98.4% similarities with
Alkalihalobacillus macyae
) were observed only in the LP-added T-
sukumo
fermentation liquor. They appeared from day 1 (0.7%) and increased to 24.4% on day 6, and their presence was related to indigo reduction. Differences in functional ratio between LP-added and its control batches revealed enhancement of pathways related to reconstitution of cellular functions and substrate metabolisms, to all of which
Alkalihalobacillus
spp. contributed intensively. In D-
sukumo
batch, appearance of bacteria necessary to initiate indigo reduction (principally
Anaerobacillus
/
Polygonibacillus
) was comparatively slower. LP promotes earlier indigo reduction in both T- and D-
sukumo
-based batches, owing to its promotion of microbiota transition. The effect of the LP was intensified from day 1 to day 2 in both
sukumo
using batches according to the assumed function of the microbiota. The initial effect of LP on the T-
sukumo
batches was more intense than that in the D-
sukumo
batches and was continued until day 3, while the duration in the T-
sukumo
batches was continued until day 5. Based on these observations, we propose that the LP functions through its phytochemicals that eliminate oxygen, stimulate the microbiota, and accelerate its transitional changes toward a suitable function that opens the pathway for the extracellular electron transfer using carbohydrates as a substrate.
Background
The 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10) is a widely used assessment of resilience. However, psychometric properties of the Chinese version of CD-RISC-10 have not been ...well investigated in a Chinese military personnel sample.
Methods
A total of 3,129 Chinese military personnel completed the CD-RISC-10, Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS). Among them, 528 recruits completed the CD-RISC-10, SAS, and SDS again after 3-month basic military training (BMT). Meanwhile, the commanding officers were asked to rate recruits' training performance on the training performance rating scale for recruits (TPRS). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was implemented to examine the single-factor model of the CD-RISC-10, and multigroup CFA was conducted to test measurement invariance across military rank (officers vs. enlisted), gender (male vs. female), and time (before and after 3-month BMT). Internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach's α and McDonald's ω, and test–retest reliability was tested using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). The criterion-related validity of CD-RISC was evaluated using Pearson's correlation analysis between the CD-RISC-10 total score and SAS scores, SDS scores, and training performance ratings.
Results
The single-factor model of the CD-RISC-10 showed adequate fit (CFI = 0.955–0.970, TLI = 0.943–0.962, RMSEA = 0.059–0.072) in all examined subsamples (male, female, officer, and enlisted), and strict invariance was also supported across military rank, gender, and time (ΔCFI ≤ 0.001, ΔTLI ≤ 0.005, ΔRMSEA ≤ 0.006). The CD-RISC-10 showed good internal consistency in all subsamples (Cronbach's α of > 0.93 and McDonald's ω of > 0.93) and good test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.88). Moreover, concurrent and predictive validity with the SAS and SDS scores were good (
r
= −0.68 to −0.49,
p
< 0.001). The resilience level of recruits at the beginning of BMT was significantly associated with training performance rated by supervisors after training (
r
= 0.29,
p
< 0.001).
Conclusion
The psychometric evidence reported in this study suggests that the CD-RISC-10 is a reliable and valid assessment of resilience and a potential predictor for mental health and military performance in Chinese military personnel.
Indigo fermentation fluid maintains its indigo-reducing state for more than 6 months under open-air. To elucidate the mechanism underlying the sustainability of this indigo reduction state, three ...indigo fermentation batches with different durations for the indigo reduction state were compared. The three examined batches exhibited different microbiota and consisted of two phases. In the initial phase, oxygen-metabolizing-bacteria derived from
sukumo
established an initial network. With decreasing redox potential (ORP), the initial bacterial community was replaced by obligate anaerobes (mainly
Proteinivoraceae
; phase 1). Approximately 1 month after the beginning of fermentation, the predominating obligate anaerobes were decreased, and
Amphibacillus
and
Polygonibacillus
, which can decompose macromolecules derived from wheat bran, were predominantly observed, and the transition of microbiota became slow (phase 2). Considering the substrate utilization ability of the dominated bacterial taxa, the transitional change from phase 1 to phase 2 suggests that this changed from the bacterial flora that utilizes substrates derived from
sukumo
, including intrinsic substrates in
sukumo
and weakened or dead bacterial cells derived from early events (heat and alkaline treatment and reduction of ORP) to that of wheat bran-utilizers. This succession was directly related to the change in the major substrate sustaining the corresponding community and the turning point was approximately 1 month after the start of fermentation. As a result, we understand that the role of
sukumo
includes changes in the microbial flora immediately after the start of fermentation, which has an important function in the start-up phase of fermentation, whereas the ecosystem comprised of the microbiota utilizing wheat bran underpins the subsequent long-term indigo reduction.
The duration for which the indigo-reducing state maintenance in indigo natural fermentation in batch dependent. The microbiota was analyzed in two batches of
sukumo
fermentation fluids that lasted ...for different durations (Batch 1: less than 2 months; Batch 2: nearly 1 year) to understand the mechanisms underlying the sustainability and deterioration of this natural fermentation process. The transformation of the microbiota suggested that the deterioration of the fermentation fluid is associated with the relative abundance of Alcaligenaceae. Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) showed that the microbial community maintained a very stable state in only the long-term Batch 2. Therefore, entry of the microbiota into a stable state under alkaline anaerobic condition is an important factor for maintenance of indigo fermentation for long duration. This is the first report on the total transformation of the microbiota for investigation of long-term maintenance mechanisms and to address the problem of deterioration in indigo fermentation.
An edible gall is formed between the third and fourth nodes beneath the apical meristem near the base of
Zizania latifolia
shoots. This gall is harbored by and interacts with the smut fungus
Ustilago ...esculenta
. The gall is also a valuable vegetable called “white bamboo,”
jiaobai
or
gausun
in China and
makomotake
in Japan. Five samples of the galls harvested at different stages of swelling were used to isolate microorganisms by culturing. Isolated fungal and bacterial colonies were identified by DNA sequencing and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization–time-of-flight mass spectrometry, respectively. Several strains of
U. esculenta
as well as 6 other species of fungi and 10 species of bacteria were isolated. The microbiome was also evaluated by simple and outlined DNA profiling with automated rRNA intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA), and the amount of DNA of
U. esculenta
was determined by qPCR. At least 16 species of fungi and 40 species of bacteria were confirmed by ARISA of the overall sample. Interestingly, the greatest bacterial diversity, i.e., 18 species, was observed in the most mature sample, whereas the fungal diversity observed in this sample, i.e., 4 species, was rather poor. Based on qPCR,
U. esculenta
occurred in samples from all stages; however, the abundance of
U. esculenta
exhibited unique U-shaped relationships with growth. These results may explain why the interaction between
U. esculenta
and
Z. latifolia
also influences the unique microbial diversity observed throughout the growth stages of the swollen shoot, although the limited sample size does not allow conclusive findings.
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