Peroxisomes account for ~35% of total H2O2 generation in mammalian tissues. Peroxisomal ACOX1 (acyl‐CoA oxidase 1) is the first and rate‐limiting enzyme in fatty acid β‐oxidation and a major producer ...of H2O2. ACOX1 dysfunction is linked to peroxisomal disorders and hepatocarcinogenesis. Here, we show that the deacetylase sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) is present in peroxisomes and that ACOX1 is a physiological substrate of SIRT5. Mechanistically, SIRT5‐mediated desuccinylation inhibits ACOX1 activity by suppressing its active dimer formation in both cultured cells and mouse livers. Deletion of SIRT5 increases H2O2 production and oxidative DNA damage, which can be alleviated by ACOX1 knockdown. We show that SIRT5 downregulation is associated with increased succinylation and activity of ACOX1 and oxidative DNA damage response in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our study reveals a novel role of SIRT5 in inhibiting peroxisome‐induced oxidative stress, in liver protection, and in suppressing HCC development.
Synopsis
This study reveals a role for SIRT5 in regulating peroxisomal H2O2 and ROS homeostasis and indicates its potential function in liver protection and hepatocellular carcinoma suppression.
SIRT5 is localized in peroxisomes where it controls H2O2 metabolism.
SIRT5‐mediated desuccinylation inhibits ACOX1 activity by suppressing its active dimer formation.
SIRT5 downregulation increases ACOX1 activity and oxidative DNA damage response in HCC.
This study reveals a role for SIRT5 in regulating peroxisomal H2O2 and ROS homeostasis and indicates its potential function in liver protection and hepatocellular carcinoma suppression.
The progress of the Internet‐of‐Things in the past few years has necessitated the support of high‐performance sensors. Schottky‐contacted nanowire sensors have attracted considerable attention owing ...to their high sensitivity and fast response time. Their progress is reviewed here, based on several kinds of important nanowires, for applications such as bio/chemical sensors, gas sensors, photodetectors, and strain sensors. Although Schottky‐contacted nanowire sensors deliver excellent performance in these fields, they can be further improved by various methods, including defect engineering, surface modification, the piezotronic effect, and the piezophototronic effect, all of which are discussed here. With regard to practical applications, further efforts are required to address challenges such as the stability, selectivity, ultrafast response, multifunctionality, flexibility, distributed energy supply, and sustainability of Schottky‐contacted nanowire sensors. Finally, future perspectives and solutions are discussed.
Schottky‐contacted nanowire sensors draw great attention due to their high sensitivity and fast response. The progress of Schottky‐contacted nanowire sensors based on several kinds of important nanowires for bio/chemical sensors, gas sensors, photodetectors, and strain sensors is reviewed, including materials selectivity, origin of sensitivity, application, and performance improvement. Finally, future perspectives and solutions are discussed.
To improve the recognition effect of the folk dance image recognition model and put forward new suggestions for teachers' teaching strategies, this study introduces a Deep Neural Network (DNN) to ...optimize the folk dance training image recognition model. Moreover, a corresponding teaching strategy optimization scheme is proposed according to the experimental results. Firstly, the image preprocessing and feature extraction of DNN are optimized. Secondly, classification and target detection models are established to analyze the folk dance training images, and the C-dance dataset is used for experiments. Finally, the results are compared with those of the Naive Bayes classifier, K-nearest neighbor, decision tree classifier, support vector machine, and logistic regression models. The results of this study provide new suggestions for teaching strategies. The research results indicate that the optimized classification model shows a significant improvement in classification accuracy across various aspects such as action complexity, dance types, movement speed, dance styles, body dynamics, and rhythm. The accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 scores have increased by approximately 14.7, 11.8, 13.2, and 17.4%, respectively. In the study of factors such as different training images, changes in perspective, lighting conditions, and noise interference, the optimized model demonstrates a substantial enhancement in recognition accuracy and robustness. These findings suggest that, compared to traditional models, the optimized model performs better in identifying various dances and movements, enhancing the accuracy and stability of classification. Based on the experimental results, strategies for optimizing the real-time feedback and assessment mechanism in folk dance teaching, as well as the design of personalized learning paths, are proposed. Therefore, this study holds the potential to be applied in the field of folk dance, promoting the development and innovation of folk dance education.
The sustainable operation of implanted medical devices is essential for healthcare applications. However, limited battery capacity is a key challenge for most implantable medical electronics (IMEs). ...The human body abounds with mechanical and chemical energy, such as the heartbeat, breathing, blood circulation, and the oxidation–reduction of glucose. Harvesting energy from the human body is a possible approach for powering IMEs. Many new methods for developing in vivo energy harvesters (IVEHs) have been proposed for powering IMEs. In this context energy harvesters based on the piezoelectric effect, triboelectric effect, automatic wristwatch devices, biofuel cells, endocochlear potential, and light, with an emphasis on fabrication, energy output, power management, durability, animal experiments, evaluation criteria, and typical applications are discussed. Importantly, the IVEHs that are discussed, are actually implanted into living things. Future challenges and perspectives are also highlighted.
A brief overview of recent progress made in the area of implantable energy harvesting devices, which are actually implanted into living things, is provided. The developments of such devices are discussed from output properties, fabrication techniques, in vivo experiments, and longevity tests. Evaluation criteria urgently needed to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the performances of these devices are also proposed.
A
bstract
Different frameworks exist to describe the flat-space limit of AdS/CFT, include momentum space, Mellin space, coordinate space, and partial-wave expansion. We explain the origin of momentum ...space as the smearing kernel in Poincare AdS, while the origin of latter three is the smearing kernel in global AdS. In Mellin space, we find a Mellin formula that unifies massless and massive flat-space limit, which can be transformed to coordinate space and partial-wave expansion. Furthermore, we also manage to transform momentum space to smearing kernel in global AdS, connecting all existed frameworks. Finally, we go beyond scalar and verify that
VV
O
maps to photon-photon-massive amplitudes.
Carbohydrate partitioning and utilization is a key determinant of growth rate and of yield in plants and crops. There are few studies on crops in field conditions. In Arabidopsis, starch accumulation ...in leaves is a negative indicator of growth rate.
Here, we wished to establish if starch accumulation in leaves could potentially be a marker for growth rate and yield in crops such as maize. We characterized daily patterns of non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) at different growth stages over two seasons for maize hybrids in the field. In 27 commercial hybrids, we found a significant negative relationship between residual starch in leaves and plant growth, but not with final yield and biomass. We then focused on three typical hybrids and established a method for calculation of C turnover in photosynthetic leaves that took into account photosynthesis, leaf area and NSC accumulation. The ratios of stored NSC decreased from approximately 15% to less than 4% with ongoing ontogeny changes from V7 to 28 days after pollination.
The proportion rather than absolute amount of carbon partitioned to starch in leaves at all stages of development related well with yield and biomass accumulation. It is proposed that screening plants at an early vegetative growth stage such as V7 for partitioning into storage may provide a prospective method for maize hybrid selection. Our study provides the basis for further validation as a screening tool for yield.
A
bstract
We study heavy-light four-point function by employing Lorentzian inversion formula, where the conformal dimension of heavy operator is as large as central charge
C
T
→ ∞
. We implement the ...Lorentzian inversion formula back and forth to reveal the universality of the lowest-twist multi-stress-tensor
T
k
as well as large spin double-twist operators
O
H
O
L
n
′
,
J
′
. In this way, we also propose an algorithm to bootstrap the heavy- light four-point function by extracting relevant OPE coefficients and anomalous dimensions. By following the algorithm, we exhibit the explicit results in
d
= 4 up to the triple-stress- tensor. Moreover, general dimensional heavy-light bootstrap up to the double-stress-tensor is also discussed, and we present an infinite series representation of the lowest-twist double- stress-tensor OPE coefficient. Exact expressions of lowest-twist double-stress-tensor OPE coefficients in
d
= 6
,
8
,
10 are also obtained as further examples.
The huge land areas in China provide highly diverse habitats for macrofungi. Of these macrofungi, many are directly related to people’s daily life and have been utilized by ancient Chinese for at ...least 6800 years. In this study, we evaluate the current known resource diversity of Chinese macrofungi. A total of 1662 taxa are summarized, and all species names and their authorities have been checked and corrected according to authentic mycological databases. Among the 1662 taxa, 1020, 692, and 480 are considered to be edible, medicinal and poisonous mushrooms, respectively. A few of edible macrofungi in China are commonly used for commercial production. All known medicinal functions are labeled for medicinal species. The most common medicinal functions possessed by Chinese macrofungi are antitumor or anticancer, followed by antioxidant and antimicrobial. A total of 277 Chinese macrofungi are edible simultaneously with certain medicinal functions and without known toxicity. These species could be treated as “Gold Mushrooms”. Contrarily, 193 edible and/or medicinal species are also recognized as poisonous mushrooms. To avoid poisoning caused by these species, ingestion either in a proper way or in small amounts is important. However, the mycotoxins metabolized by these poisonous species could be a huge wealth of natural products yet to be explored. How to utilize these Chinese macrofungal resources is a critical to benefit humans worldwide.
Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are a promising technology to convert mechanical energy to electrical energy based on coupled triboelectrification and electrostatic induction. With the rapid ...development of functional materials and manufacturing techniques, wearable and implantable TENGs have evolved into playing important roles in clinic and daily life from in vitro to in vivo. These flexible and light membrane‐like devices have the potential to be a new power supply or sensor element, to meet the special requirements for portable electronics, promoting innovation in electronic devices. In this review, the recent advances in wearable and implantable TENGs as sustainable power sources or self‐powered sensors are reviewed. In addition, the remaining challenges and future possible improvements of wearable and implantable TENG‐based self‐powered systems are discussed.
Wearable and implantable triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are developed for harvesting biomechanical energy, which can be used for sustainable power sources and self‐powered biosensors in vitro and in vivo. Research advances for these TENGs with different electric performance and the corresponding applications are discussed in detail. The perspectives on the challenges and solutions for these TENGs are proposed.
Electronic devices with various functions bring great convenience and revolutionize the way we live. They are inevitable to degrade over time because of physical or chemical fatigue and damage during ...practical operation. To make these devices have the ability to autonomously heal from cracks and restore their mechanical and electrical properties, self‐healing materials emerged as the time requires for constructing robust and self‐healing electronic devices. Here the development of self‐healing electronic devices with different functions, for example, energy harvesting, energy storage, sensing, and transmission, is reviewed. The new application scenarios and existing challenges are explored, and possible strategies and perspectives for future practical applications are discussed.
Self‐healing technology can restore the structure and electrical performance of electronic devices from damage, effectively improving the reliability and service life. Self‐healing materials, structure design strategies, and working performances of self‐healing electronic devices are reviewed. The challenges and possible strategies for the future development of self‐healing electronic devices are emphasized.
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