Purpose/Significance Consolidating the achievements of targeted poverty alleviation and building a relative poverty reduction mechanism will be the key problem for Chinese government after 2020; ...information poverty alleviation is expected to play a key role in the future poverty reduction in China. Method/Process Based on a systematic literature review and an on-site investigation, this study made an in-depth analysis on the policy documents issued by Chinese government in past decades to shed light on the governance and intervention on information poverty. Results/Conclusions Although China's information poverty reduction policy has made remarkable achievements, there are still some problems, including "to pay too much attention on the information infrastructure construction instead of the how to use them", " investment, but not evaluation, is put on the top priority", "the content of information poverty reduction project remains vague", "compared to social level information resource allocation, indivi
Abstract
It is of great interest to understand the equation of state (EOS) of the neutron star, whose core includes highly dense matter. However, there are large uncertainties in the theoretical ...predictions for the EOS of a neutron star. It is useful to develop a new framework, which is flexible enough to consider the systematic error in theoretical predictions and to use them as a best guess at the same time. We employ a deep neural network to perform a nonparametric fit of the EOS of a neutron star using currently available data. In this framework, the Gaussian process is applied to represent the EOSs and the training set data required to close physical solutions. Our model is constructed under the assumption that the true EOS of a neutron star is a perturbation of the relativistic mean-field model prediction. We fit the EOSs of neutron star using two different example data sets, which can satisfy the latest constraints from the massive neutron stars, NICER, and the gravitational wave of the binary neutron stars. Given our assumptions, we find that a maximum neutron star mass is
2.38
−
0.13
+
0.15
M
⊙
or
2.41
−
0.14
+
0.15
M
⊙
at the 95% confidence level from two different example data sets. It implies that the 1.4
M
⊙
radius is
12.31
−
0.31
+
0.29
or
12.30
−
0.37
+
0.35
km. These results are consistent with results from previous studies using similar priors. It has demonstrated the recovery of the EOS of NS using a nonparametric model.
•Ultra-thin heat pipes with thickness of 0.8mm were fabricated by flattening cylindrical heat pipes with outer diameter of 2mm.•Composite wick structure of sintered copper foam-mesh wick was proposed ...for ultra-thin heat pipes.•Optimum filling ratios and heat transport capacities of the ultra-thin heat pipes were determined.
This study investigates the thermal performance of composite ultra-thin heat pipes (UTHPs). UTHPs are fabricated by flattening cylindrical heat pipes with outer diameter of 2mm. The thickness and width were 0.8mm and 2.7mm, respectively. The composite wick structure is made of sintered copper foam-mesh wick (CFMW). CFMW combines the good heat transfer performance of copper foam and the high mechanical strength of mesh. The manufacturing process of UTHP was studied and the thermal performance of UTHP samples were investigated experimentally. The results indicate that the optimum filling ratio of UTHPs is 100% and the maximum temperature difference is 3.7°C under the maximum heat transport capacity of 5W. The thermal resistances of UTHPs increase gradually with the heat power before drying out. Too low or too high filling ratios will reduce the heat transfer efficiency of UTHPs by increasing the thermal resistances. With the optimum filling ratio of 100%, the evaporation thermal resistance of UTHP is found to be 0.29K/W and the condensation thermal resistance is 0.45K/W at the heat load of 5W.
Large-displacement shear appears between pile shaft and its surrounding soil during the penetration process, and cyclic shear is the typical feature in subsequent service load condition. In this ...paper, a series of interface shear tests have been conducted to investigate the sand-steel interface behaviors under large-displacement and cyclic shear. Three types of particles (quartz sand, carbonate sand and steel bead) and two normal boundary conditions (constant normal load, CNL; constant normal stiffness, CNS) were used in these tests. To simulate the large-displacement shear process for monotonic installed pile, the large-displacement shear is performed using monotonic shear method. It is found that under the large-displacement shear with CNL condition, the quartz sand and carbonate sand show different breakage degrees and modes. Obvious particle breakage changes both the particle gradation and sample densification, which are the main reasons for the increase of interface friction angle. While for the cyclic shear with CNS condition, the interface strength shows a quick degradation feature, which is mainly affected by the initial shape of particles. It is also found that the previous interface shear plays a key role in this kind of degradation. When the shear displacement is small, the degradation is promoted with only a small amount of sand breakage. But if the sand breakage is significant under the large-displacement shear, abundant broken fine particles fill into the void and make the sand sample much denser. So, the degradation trend of interface strength will be suppressed. It is suggested that the previous large-displacement shear process for displacement pile should be adequately considered in the design.
•Under large-displacement interface shear, quartz sand and carbonate sand show different breakage modes and degrees.•The cyclic degradation of interface strength can be obviously affected by the previous large-displacement shear.
Photocatalysis offers a practical solution to the ever increasing energy and environmental issues by using a semiconductor to harvest freely available sunlight. Photoactive organic semiconductor ...nanocrystals (OSNs) are promising photocatalysts due to their structure and function which are easily tunable by molecular design. Extensive studies have yielded significant progress on OSNs in terms of photoresponse, charge carrier mobility, as well as photoconversion efficiency. This review provides a comprehensive discussion of the emerging crystal and interface engineering strategies used in optimizing structure/property of OSNs. The basic mechanisms involved in organic photocatalysis are discussed, for a better understanding of its dependence on the molecular and supramolecular structures. Then, the intermolecular interactions in molecular packing and the kinetic and thermodynamic control over the crystal growth process are summarized, with the aim of tuning the optical and electrical properties. Band energy alignment, charge carrier dynamics, and charge transfer are discussed in different heterostructures. In each case, structure/property relationships and how to tune them are emphasized. Finally, challenges and opportunities for the practical use of the organic photocatalysts are discussed.
Precise control of the structure/property in photocatalytic organic nanocrystals is still an unresolved challenge. Relevant molecular crystal engineering strategies are reviewed by discussing the interplay of different intermolecular interactions and the kinetic and thermodynamic considerations to attain good structure/property control. To fulfill all the property requirements, interface engineering strategies are also used to design high‐efficiency and stable organic photoconversion systems.
The development of modular strategies for programming self-assembled supramolecular architectures with distinct structural and functional features is of immense scientific interest. We reported on ...the intrinsic antibacterial capability of anionic amphiphilic gold nanoclusters (GNCs) capped by para-mercaptobenzoic acid, which was closely related to the protonation level of terminal carboxylate groups. By using of the metal–ligand coordination-driven and solvent evaporation-induced self-assembly, we constructed GNCs-based mixed-metal metal–organic network (MM-MON) films on titanium disks as antibacterial nanocoatings. Taking the reasonable utilization of tetravalent metal ions M4+ (Ti, Zr, Hf; hard Lewis acid) and bactericidal divalent metal ions M2+ (Cu, Zn; borderline acid) co-incorporated metal–carboxylate coordination bonds, the MM-MON films exhibited superior stability due to the robust M4+–O bonds and M2+ releasing behavior resulting from the labile M2+–O coordinating. Together, the MM-MON films integrated the bacteria-responsive character of GNCs, exceptional chemical stability, and greatly enhanced antibacterial activity, ultimately killing adherent bacteria and initiating a self-defensive function. In a rat model for subcutaneous implant-associated infection, the MM-MON nanocoating showed an approximately 2 and 1 log lower multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus implant and tissue colonization, respectively. The generalizable modular strategy of the GNC–metal networks is amenable to facilitate the functionalization of metal surfaces for combating implant-associated infections.
The objective of this study was to investigate the current status of fertility quality of life (QoL) and explore the influencing factors for infertile women with repeated implantation failure (RIF).
...The sample consisted of 137 infertile women with RIF who were under treatment from January 2019 to December 2019 in the Reproductive Medical Center of Ruijin Hospital, affiliated with Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine in China. A general information questionnaire, FertiQoL scale, perceived social support scale (PSSS), self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), and self-rating depression scale (SDS) were used to analyse the fertility QoL and related factors of RIF patients.
The total fertility QoL score of RIF patients was 60.44 ± 11.60. The results of multivariate regression analysis showed that residence, financial difficulties, male infertility, BMI index, depression, and family social support were the main factors that influenced the fertility QoL of RIF patients (adjusted R
= 0.762).
Based on the results of this study, RIF patients' psychological status must be addressed. Corresponding interventions such as building a sound family and social support system, creating a good medical environment and offering diverse health education should be provided to improve the fertility QoL of RIF patients.
DNA programmable assembly has been combined with top-down lithography to construct superlattices of discrete, reconfigurable nanoparticle architectures on a gold surface over large areas. ...Specifically, the assembly of individual colloidal plasmonic nanoparticles with different shapes and sizes is controlled by oligonucleotides containing "locked" nucleic acids and confined environments provided by polymer pores to yield oriented architectures that feature tunable arrangements and independently controllable distances at both nanometer- and micrometer-length scales. These structures, which would be difficult to construct by other common assembly methods, provide a platform to systematically study and control light-matter interactions in nanoparticle-based optical materials. The generality and potential of this approach are explored by identifying a broadband absorber with a solvent polarity response that allows dynamic tuning of visible light absorption.
The shear properties of carbonate sand and structure interface are of significance for the engineering construction. The parallel paper (Rui et al. in Acta Geotech, 2020) focuses on the monotonic ...behavior of the interface between carbonate sand and steel. In this paper, by a series of shear tests on the interface between carbonate sand and steel, the evolutions of interface strength during cyclic interface shear were investigated. Further, the influences of cyclic amplitude, particle size, surface roughness and normal stress on the sand–steel interface shear behavior were discussed. Using a kind of transparent ring, the particle movements near the interface were observed to explain the mechanism during cyclic interface shear. The experimental results show that the shear zone appears near the interface, and is mainly composed of crushed fine particles and original particles. With lower steel roughness condition, the volume contraction is dominant in cyclic interface shear, while the dilation and contraction occur alternatively for higher roughness, which leads to higher interface shear strength. Compared with monotonic shear, the thickness of shear zone after cyclic shear is relatively small. Cyclic interface shear can lead to more fine particles, but less is embedded into the interface. It is found that under cyclic shearing, the interaction between particles and steel is enhanced, which is the main factor for promoting the interface strength, so interface strength in cyclic shear is higher than that in monotonic shear.
In humans, tissue injury and depression can both cause pain hypersensitivity, but whether this involves distinct circuits remains unknown. Here, we identify two discrete glutamatergic neuronal ...circuits in male mice: a projection from the posterior thalamic nucleus (PO
) to primary somatosensory cortex glutamatergic neurons (S1
) mediates allodynia from tissue injury, whereas a pathway from the parafascicular thalamic nucleus (PF
) to anterior cingulate cortex GABA-containing neurons to glutamatergic neurons (ACC
) mediates allodynia associated with a depression-like state. In vivo calcium imaging and multi-tetrode electrophysiological recordings reveal that PO
and PF
populations undergo different adaptations in the two conditions. Artificial manipulation of each circuit affects allodynia resulting from either tissue injury or depression-like states, but not both. Our study demonstrates that the distinct thalamocortical circuits PO
→S1
and PF
→ACC
subserve allodynia associated with tissue injury and depression-like states, respectively, thus providing insights into the circuit basis of pathological pain resulting from different etiologies.
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