Geopolitika straha u Hrvatskoj Zorko, Marta; Lučev, Josip
Anali Hrvatskog politološkog društva,
2023, Volume:
20, Issue:
1
Journal Article, Paper
Peer reviewed
Open access
Turizam u doba pandemija postaje gotovo nemoguća djelatnost. S jedne strane, pojedinci ne putuju zbog straha, dok s druge strane države koriste mehanizme obrane poput zatvaranja granica i ...onemogućavanja kretanja. Takvi mehanizmi imaju geografska obilježja i geopolitički utemeljene posljedice pa geografski faktor postaje važan, a geopolitička analiza neizbježna. Zatvaranje granica u pandemiji imalo je dvostruk negativan efekt. Prvi se negativan efekt odnosi na potencijalno kršenje ljudskih prava u vidu ograničavanja prava na kretanje. U razmatranom slučaju, širenje virusa nije zaustavljeno – zaustavljeno je kretanje građana. Drugi negativan efekt odnosi se na potencijalne gubitke u gospodarstvu. U ovom slučaju zatvaranje granica utjecalo je na gospodarstvo na dva načina: prekidanjem transporta i opskrbe te zaustavljanjem turističke djelatnosti. U fokusu ovog istraživanja su mehanizmi obilježavanja prostora sigurnim odnosno nesigurnim i s time povezana geopolitika straha, koji su, uz mehanizme zatvaranja granica, ostavili trag na turizam u Hrvatskoj za vrijeme pandemije COVID-19. Analiza mjera vezanih uz zatvaranje granica te usporedna analiza podataka i noćenja u 2020. i 2021. godini ukazuju na uzorke kretanja za vrijeme pandemije, ali i potencijalne posljedice po turizam uz važnost geografskog faktora. Rad kroz promišljanja o propusnosti granica na primjeru Hrvatske i Slovenije ukazuje na tri isprepletene strategije definiranja pandemijskog prostora – zatvaranje države u obrnutu karantenu, širenje sigurnogprostora i definiranje nesigurnog prostora na koji se primjenjuje klasična karantena.
Tourism becomes an almost impossible activity in the age of pandemics. On the one hand, individuals do not travel due to fear, while on the other hand, states use defense mechanisms such as closing borders and preventing movement. Such mechanisms have geographical characteristics and geopolitically based consequences, so the geographical factor becomes important, and geopolitical analysis inevitable. The closing of borders in the pandemic had a doubly negative effect. The first negative effect refers to the potential violation of human rights in terms of restricting the right to movement. In the considered case, the spread of the virus was not stopped – the movement of citizens was. Another negative effect refers to potential losses in the economy. In this case, the closing of the borders affected the economy in two ways: by interrupting transport and supplies, and by stopping tourist activity. The research is focused on the mechanisms of marking spaces as safe or unsafe and the associated geopolitics of fear, which, along with the mechanisms of border closures, left their mark on tourism in Croatia during the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis of measures related to the closure of borders and the comparative analysis of data and overnight stays in 2020 and 2021 point to movement patterns during pandemics, but also to potential consequences for tourism with the importance of the geographical factor. Reflecting on the permeability of borders on the example of Croatia and Slovenia, the article points to three intertwined strategies for defining the pandemic space – closing the country in reverse quarantine, expanding the safe space, and defining the unsafe space to which the classic quarantine is applied.
This article explores the paradox of a globalized cooperative world that appears conducive to openness, yet simultaneously witnesses the proliferation of closed borders, physical barriers, and ...increased border militarization. The objective is to research, analyze, and categorize the various types of border militarization, offering both theoretical and practical perspectives. We propose new definitions for border militarization to encompass its diverse expressions, ranging from overt to subtle forms. This study focuses on border militarization within Europe, specifically in peripheral countries on the outer fringes of the European Union’s Schengen regime, employing a comparative case study methodology. It provides in-depth insights into two similar cases and practical militarization following the 2015-2016 European migration crisis in Croatia and Poland. While the research has limitations, including its eurocentric focus and limited generalizability, the conclusions shed light on post-migration crisis long-term effects in Europe and the growing phenomenon of subtle and covert border militarization.
Ratom narušeni odnosi Hrvatske i Crne Gore u posljednjih nekoliko godina doživjeli su svojevrsnu renesansu. Slični vanjskopolitički ciljevi tih zemalja potisnuli su negativne konotacije nastale ...devedesetih godina proteklog stoljeća pa danas govorimo o dvjema susjednim i prijateljskim zemljama. Kao čista suprotnost odnosima, primjerice, Hrvatske i Slovenije u ovom je slučaju primjetan izrazito pozitivan zaokret u geopolitičkoj percepciji. Ipak, pitanje granice još je uvijek otvoreno bilateralno pitanje o čijem će rješavanju ovisiti i kvaliteta odnosa tih dviju zemalja u budućnosti. Uvidom u relevantne dokumente, izjave i stavove političara, kao i vanjskopolitičke ciljeve u ovom radu istražujemo genezu odnosa i zaokret geopolitičke percepcije u razdoblju od raspada SFRJ do zatvaranja pristupnih pregovora Repubike Hrvatske s Europskom unijom. Pretpostavljamo da je rješavanje otvorenoga graničnog pitanja najveći izazov za dobrosusjedske odnose ovih dviju zemalja, kao i da je moguće izbjeći loše poteze koji su narušili odnose Hrvatske i Slovenije u proteklom desetljeću.
Dobrosusjedski odnosi Hrvatske i Slovenije narušeni su u proteklom desetljeću
do razine koja je uključivala negativnu diplomatsku akciju, sporadične
incidente i zaokret u geopolitičkoj percepciji. ...Susjedne i prijateljske države,
koje su stoljećima dijelile istu sudbinu, spor oko protezanja granične linije
doveo je do zahlađivanja odnosa i provođenja politike s pozicije moći. Rad
se bavi istraživanjem geneze odnosa i zaokretom geopolitičke percepcije
u razdoblju od raspada SFRJ do zatvaranja pristupnih pregovora Republike
Hrvatske s Europskom unijom. Uvidom u relevantne dokumente, izjave i
stavove političara, kao i vanjskopolitičke ciljeve ovih dviju država, u radu se
analiziraju bilateralni odnosi, upućuje na postojanje konfliktnog potencijala i
na negativni zaokret u geopolitičkoj percepciji.
Geopolitical discourses are an integral part of the contemporary geopolitics of each state. Driven by geopolitical traditions and imagination, they intercept and thus create all aspects of the ...discipline of critical geopolitics- the formal, practical and popular. The main area of our research is the discourse embedded in the popular geopolitics of a specific cultural product of Japan, anime. Anime are unique and thus suited for analysis for two reasons. The first is their specific, local production and global recognition. The second is their double coding. Although they are a product of the traditional geopolitical culture of Japan’s entertainment industry, they are able to create a contemporary geopolitical culture at the same time. Through an analysis of three anime series, Tokyo Magnitude 8.0, Earth Maiden Arjuna and Mobile Suit Gundam 00, we explore the geographic and geopolitical characteristics of Japan and their influence on the traditional, as well as the contemporary geopolitical discourses.
The paper shows the development of critical geopolitics from its conceptualisation by O Tuathail, Dalby and Routledge at the end of the last century up to its critics and development of phenomena ...that influenced the self-evolution of discipline. The first goal of this research is the analysis of the main thesis from the above mentioned authors in order to test them on contemporary examples. The second goal is consisted of the contemporary phenomena analysis, from the media critique to a wider societal critique, as well as their influence on the self-evolution of the discipline, especially in the area of popular geopolitics. This review streams towards the state of the art analysis, defining and positioning this (inter)discipline in frames of old/new geopolitics, international relations, and human geography. The main thesis is that contemporary phenomena (as a cause) narrowed down the focus of research areas in some scientific fields, while in others it made unavoidable to skip inter disciplinary perspective both in theoretical as well as in methodological sense. The critics of classical geopolitics developed three directions for research: as a part of critical geopolitics as self-contained discipline and numerous subdisciplines or even disciplines (e.g., popular geopolitics); as critiques of newly developed neoclassical theories and schools in international relations; and as interdisciplinary attempts that highlights research on contemporary phenomena and criticise all so far developed methods and tools as non adequate for research in such a complex world of the present challenges
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