Qingqiao Kangdu granule (QQKDG), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been used clinically to treat various viral diseases, including flu, mumps, and viral hepatitis, owing to its abundant ...bioactivities. Nevertheless, the chemical components of QQKDG have not been sufficiently elucidated; consequently, the development of standards for quality evaluation and complete understanding of the pharmacological mechanisms of action are hindered. Therefore, a systematic approach must be developed to efficiently discover novel compounds and advance pharmacological research. In this regard, this study proposed an integrated strategy for the comprehensive characterization of the chemical components in QQKDG by UHPLC-Q-Exactive-MS coupled with feature-based molecular networking (FBMN) to improve annotation accuracy and achieve visualization. First, the chromatographic and mass spectrum conditions were optimized to obtain good separation and abundant signal response. Subsequently, an in-house library was established by searching for relevant literature to improve annotation confidence. Finally, the raw data acquired under optimized conditions were uploaded to the FBMN to achieve component visualization by connecting precursor ions of the same color, in which compounds have similar structural features. Thus, a total of 231 compounds, including 89 flavonoids, 36 phenolic acids, 26 phenylethanoid glycosides, 23 coumarins, 17 chlorogenic acid derivatives, 14 terpenoids, 10 alkaloids, 10 lignans and 6 other compounds, were characterized, and numerous novel compounds with new structures were explored. Thus, this study provides a strategy for comprehensive characterization, which can also be applied to other TCMs.
Summary
This study aimed to investigate the effects of high‐pressure processing (HPP) (0.1‐400 MPa for 9 min) on the water holding capacity (WHC) of heat‐induced rabbit myosin gel and structural ...changes during thermal treatment (25–75 °C). HPP at 100 MPa significantly increased the WHC (P < 0.05) and formed more regular and homogeneous three‐dimensional network. Myosin tails at 100 MPa unfolded completely during the thermal treatment, which was beneficial to form a high WHC gel network. However, myosin pressurised at 200 MPa and above formed a weak gel. Their heads were already aggregated before heating, preventing from subsequent thermal denaturation and aggregation. With the temperature increasing, unfolding of myosin tails was not sufficient for a filamentous network formation. These results suggested that HPP could modify the myosin structure and affect the gel formation during heating. The 100 MPa was the optimum pressure level for the WHC of rabbit myosin gel.
Conformational changes of myosin molecules after pressure treatment varying from 0.1 to 400 MPa during heating (25–75 °C).
This study investigated the effects of hydrocolloid injection on the eating quality of porcine meat based on low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR). The eating quality and water distribution ...of hydrocolloid-injected pork were compared with control, and the principle component analysis (PCA) was applied for the identification of hydrocolloid-injected pork. Total color difference (ΔE∗), cooking loss, and moisture content of hydrocolloid-injected pork were significantly increased compared with the control (p<0.05). LF-NMR indicated that significant differences in the relaxation time and peak area proportion of immobilized water (T21, P21) and free water (T22, P22) were detected among hydrocolloid-injected samples and the control (p<0.05). The first two principal components (PCs) of PCA accounted for 54.07% and 33.56% of the observed variation, respectively. Based on the two PCs, the hydrocolloid-injected pork could be differentiated from the control. Therefore, LF-NMR combined with PCA offers an effective method for the analysis and detection of hydrocolloid-injected pork.
Background:
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer, characterized by advanced disease stage and poor prognosis. Moreover, due to the lack of therapeutic ...markers, TNBC patients can’t benefit fully from currently available targeted therapies.
Methods:
To fully understand the molecular basis of TNBC, we used gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to screen out the most altered functional module in TNBC, from publicly available microarray data and studied the association of the candidate gene with TNBC development.
Results:
We found that the proteasome was significantly activated in TNBC. As compared with other breast cancer subtypes and normal tissue, proteasome subunit beta 5 (PSMB5), the key regulator of proteasome function, was overexpressed in TNBC tissue and predictive of poor prognosis. Moreover, we also found that PSMB5 knockdown induced TNBC apoptosis and significantly enhanced cancer cell sensitivity to the chemotherapeutic agents bortezomib and paclitaxel.
Conclusions:
Our results suggest a potential role for PSMB5 as a biomarker and therapeutic target for TNBC.
Ephemeral gullies are widely distributed in the hilly and gully region of the Loess Plateau and play a unique role in the slope gully erosion system. Rapid and accurate identification of ephemeral ...gullies impacts the distribution law and development trend of soil erosion on the Loess Plateau. Deep learning algorithms can quickly and accurately process large data samples that recognize ephemeral gullies from remote sensing images. Here, we investigated ephemeral gullies in the Zhoutungou watershed in the hilly and gully region of the Loess Plateau in China using satellite and unmanned aerial vehicle images and combined a deep learning image semantic segmentation model to realize automatic recognition and feature extraction. Using Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1value, and AUC, we compared the ephemeral gully recognition results and accuracy evaluation of U-Net, R2U-Net, and SegNet image semantic segmentation models. The SegNet model was ranked first, followed by the R2U-Net and U-Net models, for ephemeral gully recognition in the hilly and gully region of the Loess Plateau. The ephemeral gully length and width between predicted and measured values had RMSE values of 6.78 m and 0.50 m, respectively, indicating that the model has an excellent recognition effect. This study identified a fast and accurate method for ephemeral gully recognition in the hilly and gully region of the Loess Plateau based on remote sensing images to provide an academic reference and practical guidance for soil erosion monitoring and slope and gully management in the Loess Plateau region.
•Ephemeral gully extraction using deep learning in the hilly and gully region of the Loess Plateau.•Compared U-Net, R2U-Net, and SegNet for ephemeral gully recognition effect and accuracy evaluation.•SegNet model offers a fast and accurate method for ephemeral gully recognition and feature extraction.
Objective. This article is mainly to study the central mechanism of penehyclidine hydrochloride against relapse behavior in morphine-dependent rats. Methods. The rats were randomly divided into the ...blank control group (k), PHC low-dose group (LP according to a body weight of 0.22 mg/kg), middle-dose group (MP according to a body weight of 0.55 mg/kg), high-dose group (HP according to a body weight of 1.38 mg/kg), and administration group, with 40 rats in each group. Each group was randomly divided into 5 subgroups (n=10): 4 h after administration, 7 h after administration, 13 h after administration, 25 h after administration (K48, LP48, MP48, and HP48), and 37 h after administration, and then, Morris water maze experiment and immunohistochemical detection of the rat brain hippocampus were carried out. Results. 4 and 7 hours after administration, compared with group 1, the TchE activity increased and Ach level decreased in groups 2, 3, and 4 and the difference was significant (P<0.05), so the principle of penehyclidine hydrochloride against morphine-dependent rats is that penehyclidine hydrochloride causes cognitive impairment in the brain of mice, thereby achieving antimorphine effects.
This study was intended to characterize six types of commercial smoked chicken products in China by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), odor-activity values (OAVs), and sensory ...evaluation. Results demonstrated that a total of 89 components were identified in all samples, and 34 were considered as odor-active compounds because their OAVs were greater than one. Liaocheng Chicken that smoked with fruit tree sawdust had more phenols, which contributed to the smoky aroma. Jinshan and Goubangzi Chicken that smoked with sugar had more furans which contributed the overall odor with sweety and caramel aroma. Zhuozishan and Laoting Chicken that smoked with sugar and wood chips had similar flavor and volatile compounds. Tengqiao Chicken that smoked with sugar, tea and rice had significant difference with other chicken in smoky, bittern and caramel aroma (P< .05). The diversity of these smoked chicken flavors was mainly due to the cooking culture differences.
Summary
Influences of sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) contents (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4%) on water holding capacity (WHC) and texture properties of low‐salt (1.2% NaCl) single‐step high‐pressure ...processed chicken breast sausages (LSSS‐HPP sausages) were evaluated. Results showed that WHC was improved (4–5%) by the addition of STPP. However, the STPP contents customarily used for cooked sausages (0.3–0.5%) were excessive for LSSS‐HPP sausages, causing a soft and tacky texture. Sausages containing 0.1% of STPP had the best taste according to the sensory evaluations. Chemical interactions plus Raman spectroscopic analysis revealed that STPP addition partly changed native structures of myofibrillar proteins. Furthermore, higher STPP contents in the meat batter prevented those proteins from high pressure denaturing and aggregating in the subsequent single‐step HPP procedure. Increased hydrogen bonds and decreased hydrophobic interactions explained the better WHC and softer texture. Therefore, 0.1% of STPP is the optimal content in the processing of new‐type LSSS‐HPP sausages.
Addition of various content of STPP (0‐0.4%) to chicken breast meat batters induced different changes of meat proteins (myosin in particular) under the given manufacturing condition (600 MPa, 40 °C, 5 min), leading to different ratio of denatured proteins to native‐state proteins, making various functional properties of meat gels.
In this paper, we formulate a novel Point-of-interest (POI) recommendation task to recommend a set of new POIs for visit in a short period following recent check-ins, named short-term POI ...recommendation. It differs from previously studied tasks and poses new challenges, such as modeling high-order POI transitions in a short period. We present PTWLR, a personalized time-weighted latent ranking model that jointly learns short-term POI transitions and user preferences with our proposed temporal weighting scheme to capture the temporal context of transitions. We extend our model to accommodate the transition dependencies on multiple recent check-ins. In experiments on real-world datasets, our model consistently outperforms seven widely used methods by significant margins in various contexts, demonstrating its effectiveness on our task. Further analysis shows that all proposed components contribute to performance improvement.
Carbon trading and carbon offset markets are potential policy options for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. A price on carbon is expected to generate demand for carbon offsets. ...In a market-based framework, the carbon price should be high enough to compensate for opportunity costs. We studied a highly-modified agricultural system in the Guanzhong–Tianshui economic region of China that is typical of many temperate agricultural zones in western China. We quantified the economic returns from agriculture and from carbon plantings（both monoculture and ecological plantings） under five carbon-price scenarios. The mean carbon sequestration is 34 Mg·hm–2·a–1, and the average annual payment increased to 1146 CNY·hm–2 at a medium carbon price of 50 CNY·Mg–1 CO2–e. Thus, areas of high priority for conservation and restoration may be restored relatively cheaply in the presence of a carbon market.Overall, however, less carbon is sequestered by ecological plantings（i.e., mixed native trees and shrubs） compared to agriculture.
PDF
