We search for signatures of gravitational lensing in the gravitational-wave signals from compact binary coalescences detected by Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) ...and Advanced Virgo during O3a, the first half of their third observing run. We study: (1) the expected rate of lensing at current detector sensitivity and the implications of a non-observation of strong lensing or a stochastic gravitational-wave background on the merger-rate density at high redshift; (2) how the interpretation of individual high-mass events would change if they were found to be lensed; (3) the possibility of multiple images due to strong lensing by galaxies or galaxy clusters; and (4) possible wave-optics effects due to point-mass microlenses. Several pairs of signals in the multiple-image analysis show similar parameters and, in this sense, are nominally consistent with the strong lensing hypothesis. However, taking into account population priors, selection effects, and the prior odds against lensing, these events do not provide sufficient evidence for lensing. Overall, we find no compelling evidence for lensing in the observed gravitational-wave signals from any of these analyses.
Abstract
Exploiting the fundamentally achromatic nature of gravitational lensing, we present a lens model for the massive galaxy cluster SMACS J0723.3−7323 (SMACS J0723;
z
= 0.388) that significantly ...improves upon earlier work. Building on strong-lensing constraints identified in prior Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations, the mass model utilizes 21 multiple-image systems, 17 of which were newly discovered in Early Release Observation data from the JWST. The resulting lens model maps the cluster mass distribution to an rms spatial precision of 0.″32, and is publicly available. Consistent with previous analyses, our study shows SMACS J0723.3 to be well described by a single large-scale component centered on the location of the brightest cluster galaxy. However, satisfying all lensing constraints provided by the JWST data, the model points to the need for the inclusion of an additional, diffuse component west of the cluster. A comparison of the galaxy, mass, and gas distributions in the core of SMACS J0723 based on HST, JWST, and Chandra data reveals a concentrated regular elliptical profile along with tell-tale signs of a recent merger, possibly proceeding almost along our line of sight. The exquisite sensitivity of JWST’s NIRCam reveals in spectacular fashion both the extended intracluster light distribution and numerous star-forming clumps in magnified background galaxies. The high-precision lens model derived here for SMACS J0723 demonstrates the unprecedented power of combining HST and JWST data for studies of structure formation and evolution in the distant universe.
Abstract
We present the first spatially resolved maps of gas-phase metallicity for two dust-obscured star-forming galaxies at
z
∼ 4, from the JWST TEMPLATES Early Release Science program, derived ...from NIRSpec integral field unit spectroscopy of the H
α
and N
ii
emission lines. Empirical optical line calibrations are used to determine that the sources are globally enriched to near-solar levels. While one source shows elevated N
ii
/H
α
ratios and broad H
α
emission consistent with the presence of an active galactic nucleus in a ≳1 kpc region, we argue that both systems have already undergone significant metal enrichment as a result of their extremely high star formation rates. Utilizing Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array rest-frame 380
μ
m continuum and C
i
(
3
P
2
–
3
P
1
) line maps we compare the spatial variation of the metallicity and gas-to-dust ratio in the two galaxies, finding the two properties to be anticorrelated on highly resolved spatial scales, consistent with various literature studies of
z
∼ 0 galaxies. The data are indicative of the enormous potential of JWST to probe the enrichment of the interstellar medium on ∼kpc scales in extremely dust-obscured systems at
z
∼ 4 and beyond.
Abstract We present JWST and Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) imaging for the lensing system SPT0418−47, which includes a strongly lensed, dusty, star-forming galaxy at redshift z ...= 4.225 and an associated multiply imaged companion. The JWST NIRCam and MIRI imaging observations presented in this paper were acquired as part of the Early Release Science program Targeting Extremely Magnified Panchromatic Lensed Arcs and Their Extended Star formation (TEMPLATES). This data set provides robust mutiwavelength detections of stellar light in both the main (SPT0418A) and companion (SPT0418B) galaxies, while the ALMA detection of C ii emission confirms that SPT0418B lies at the same redshift as SPT0418A. We infer that the projected physical separation of the two galaxies is 4.42 ± 0.05 kpc. We derive total magnifications of μ = 29 ± 1 and μ = 4.1 ± 0.7 for SPT0418A and SPT0418B, respectively. We use both prospector and cigale to derive stellar masses. We find that SPT0418A has a stellar mass of M * = 3.4 − 0.6 + 1.1 × 10 10 M ⊙ from prospector or M * = 1.5 ± 0.3 × 10 10 M ⊙ from cigale . The stellar mass ratio of SPT0418A and SPT0418B is roughly between 4 and 7 ( 4.2 − 1.6 + 1.9 for prospector and 7.5 ± 3.7 for cigale ). We see evidence of extended structure associated with SPT0418A that is suggestive of a tidal feature. These features, along with the close projected proximity, imply that the system is interacting. Interestingly, the star formation rates and stellar masses of both galaxies are consistent with the main sequence of star-forming galaxies at this epoch, indicating that this ongoing interaction has not noticeably elevated the star formation levels.
We present an analysis of the mass distribution inferred from strong lensing by SPT-CL J0356−5337, a cluster of galaxies at redshift revealed in the follow-up of the SPT-SZ clusters. The cluster has ...an Einstein radius of 14″ for a source at z = 3 and a mass within 500 kpc of . Our spectroscopic identification of three multiply imaged systems ( , , and ), combined with HSTF606W-band imaging allows us to build a strong lensing model for this cluster with an rms of . Our modeling reveals a two-component mass distribution in the cluster. One mass component is dominated by the brightest cluster Galaxy and the other component, separated by ∼170 kpc, contains a group of eight red elliptical galaxies confined in a ∼9″ (∼70 kpc) diameter circle. We estimate the mass ratio between the two components to be between 1:1.25 and 1:1.58. In addition, spectroscopic data reveal that these two near-equal mass cores have only a small velocity difference of ∼300 km s−1 between the two components. This small radial velocity difference suggests that most of the relative velocity takes place in the plane of the sky, and implies that SPT-CL J0356−5337 is a major merger with a small impact parameter seen face-on. We also assess the relative contributions of Galaxy-scale halos to the overall mass of the core of the cluster and find that within 800 kpc from the brightest cluster Galaxy about 27% of the total mass can be attributed to visible and dark matter associated with galaxies, whereas only 73% of the total mass in the core comes from cluster-scale dark matter halos.
Jean-Baptiste Colbert saw governance of the state not as the inherent ability of the king, but as a form of mechanical mastery of subjects such as medieval legal history, physics, navigation, and the ...price lists of nails, sails, and gunpowder. In The Information Master , Jacob Soll shows how the legacy of Colbert’s encyclopedic tradition lies at the very center of the rise of the modern state. This innovative book argues that Colbert's practice of collecting knowledge originated in Renaissance Italy, where merchants recognized the power to be gained from merging scholarship and trade. By connecting historical literatures—archives, libraries, merchant techniques, and humanist pedagogy—that have usually remained separate, Soll has created an imaginative and refreshing work.
The long and spectacular reign of Louis XIV of France is
typically described in overwhelmingly visual terms. In this book,
Nicholas Hammond takes a sonic approach to this remarkable age,
opening our ...ears to the myriad ways in which sound revealed the
complex acoustic dimensions of class, politics, and sexuality in
seventeenth-century Paris.
The discovery in the French archives of a four-line song from
1661 launched Hammond's research into the lives of the two men
referenced therein-Jacques Chausson and Guillaume de Guitaut. In
retracing the lives of these two men (one sentenced to death by
burning and the other appointed to the Ordre du Saint-Esprit),
Hammond makes astonishing discoveries about each man and the ways
in which their lives intersected, all in the context of the sounds
and songs heard in the court of Louis XIV and on the streets and
bridges of Paris. Hammond's study shows how members of the elite
and lower classes in Paris crossed paths in unexpected ways and,
moreover, how noise in the ancien régime was central to
questions of crime and punishment: street singing was considered a
crime in itself, and yet street singers flourished, circulating
information about crimes that others may have committed, while
political and religious authorities wielded the powerful sounds of
sermons and public executions to provide moral commentaries, to
control crime, and to inflict punishment.
This innovative study explores the theoretical, social,
cultural, and historical contexts of the early modern Parisian
soundscape. It will appeal to scholars interested in sound studies
and the history of sexuality as well as those who study the
culture, literature, and history of early modern France.
In the late seventeenth century the role of printed propaganda in manipulating public consciousness became increasingly explicit, and governments developed systematic controls over the printed word. ...This book considers the purposes, mechanisms, content, and audience of royal printed propaganda in early modern France.
The author first sketches the impact of the invention of printing and characterizes propaganda generally during the reign of Louis XIV. In succeeding chapters he discusses the theory and practice of censorship and the government's relationships with the recently established French periodical press, presenting a balanced portrait of the crown's objectives and mixed success in influencing the sources of opinion. The varieties of government-inspired pamphlet propaganda are carefully and extensively analyzed, and signed royal propaganda receives special attention.
Originally published in 1977.
ThePrinceton Legacy Libraryuses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These paperback editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
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