In this book, the author presents an interpretation of four thinkers: Nietzsche, Heidegger, Foucault, and Derrida. In an attempt to place these thinkers within the wider context of the ...crisis-oriented modernism and postmodernism that have been the source of much of what is most original and creative in twentieth-century art and thought.
This book examines the protection against refoulement under the European Convention on Human Rights and the UN Convention against Torture. It provides a comprehensive and comparative analysis of the ...non-refoulement case-law of both the European Court of Human Rights and the UN Committee against Torture.
O presente artigo apresenta uma contextualização do cenário brasileiro de 2020, em meio a mais grave pandemia dos últimos 100 anos, à luz da obra distópica 1984 de George Orwell, ficção sobre um ...futuro totalitário e opressor, publicada em 1949. Buscou-se elencar elementos da obra que apontam similaridades com o caso brasileiro, como a evocação de uma narrativa de ódio a opositores, gestão executiva destoando de sua missão institucional, uso deliberado de inverdades colocadas a público. As peças de acusação Dois Minutos de Ódio; Os Anti-ministérios e o Falseamento da verdade, extraídas de 1984, buscam expor tais similaridades.
The diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease can be improved by the use of biological measures. Biomarkers of functional impairment, neuronal loss, and protein deposition that can be assessed by neuroimaging ...(ie, MRI and PET) or CSF analysis are increasingly being used to diagnose Alzheimer's disease in research studies and specialist clinical settings. However, the validation of the clinical usefulness of these biomarkers is incomplete, and that is hampering reimbursement for these tests by health insurance providers, their widespread clinical implementation, and improvements in quality of health care. We have developed a strategic five-phase roadmap to foster the clinical validation of biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease, adapted from the approach for cancer biomarkers. Sufficient evidence of analytical validity (phase 1 of a structured framework adapted from oncology) is available for all biomarkers, but their clinical validity (phases 2 and 3) and clinical utility (phases 4 and 5) are incomplete. To complete these phases, research priorities include the standardisation of the readout of these assays and thresholds for normality, the evaluation of their performance in detecting early disease, the development of diagnostic algorithms comprising combinations of biomarkers, and the development of clinical guidelines for the use of biomarkers in qualified memory clinics.
O presente artigo se propõe a analisar a constituição e estrutura da Autoridade Nacional de Proteção de Dados a fim de discutir os riscos da interferência política na atuação da ANPD brasileira, em ...meio ao contexto de vigilância na sociedade de informação e em paralelo com a obra literária 1984, de George Orwell. Utilizando esse horizonte distópico como pano de fundo para demonstrar o impacto da atuação política do Estado no exercício da vigilância, recorreu-se a uma abordagem qualitativa, elaborada a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, para, ao final, concluir que, a ingerência política permitida pela estrutura institucional da ANPD brasileira é prejudicial à sua autonomia funcional, comprometendo a eficácia da Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados e possibilitando a existência de uma sociedade vigiada, comparável à narrativa distópica em cotejo.
We estimated the age-specific duration of the preclinical, prodromal, and dementia stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the influence of sex, setting, apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype, and ...cerebrospinal fluid tau on disease duration.
We performed multistate modeling in a combined sample of 6 cohorts (n = 3268) with death as the end stage and estimated the preclinical, prodromal, and dementia stage duration.
The overall AD duration varied between 24 years (age 60) and 15 years (age 80). For individuals presenting with preclinical AD, age 70, the estimated preclinical AD duration was 10 years, prodromal AD 4 years, and dementia 6 years. Male sex, clinical setting, APOE ε4 allele carriership, and abnormal cerebrospinal fluid tau were associated with a shorter duration, and these effects depended on disease stage.
Estimates of AD disease duration become more accurate if age, sex, setting, APOE, and cerebrospinal fluid tau are taken into account. This will be relevant for clinical practice and trial design.
•First age-specific estimates of the duration of AD, including predementia stages.•Overall AD duration ranged from 24 years at age 60 to 15 years at age 80.•Preclinical AD stage was much shorter in a clinical setting than a research setting.•Females had a longer dementia duration.•APOE ɛ4 and CSF tau abnormality shortened the preclinical and prodromal AD stages.
The gut microbiota has emerged as an environmental factor that modulates the host's energy balance. It increases the host's ability to harvest energy from the digested food, and produces metabolites ...and microbial products such as short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids, and lipopolysaccharides. These metabolites and microbial products act as signaling molecules that modulate appetite, gut motility, energy uptake and storage, and energy expenditure. Several findings suggest that the gut microbiota can affect the development of obesity. Germ-free mice are leaner than conventionally raised mice and they are protected against diet-induced obesity. Furthermore, obese humans and rodents have an altered gut microbiota composition with less phylogeneic diversity compared to lean controls, and transplantation of the gut microbiota from obese subjects to germ-free mice can transfer the obese phenotype. Taken together, these findings indicate a role for the gut microbiota in obesity and suggest that the gut microbiota could be targeted to improve metabolic diseases like obesity. This review focuses on the role of the gut microbiota in energy balance regulation and its potential role in obesity.
Although India and China have very different experiences of colonialism, they respond to that history in a similar way-by treating it as a collective trauma. As a result they have a strong sense of ...victimization that affects their foreign policy decisions even today.
Wronged by Empire breaks new ground by blending this historical phenomenon, colonialism, with mixed methods-including archival research, newspaper data mining, and a new statistical method of content analysis-to explain the foreign policy choices of India and China: two countries that are continuously discussed but very rarely rigorously compared. By reference to their colonial past, Manjari Chatterjee Miller explains their puzzling behavior today. More broadly, she argues that the transformative historical experience of a large category of actors-ex-colonies, who have previously been neglected in the study of international relations-can be used as a method to categorize states in the international system. In the process Miller offers a more inclusive way to analyze states than do traditional theories of international relations.
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