The major side effect of tacrolimus (Tac) is nephrotoxicity. We studied whether supplementation of coenzyme Q10, (CoQ10) a potent antioxidant, can reduce Tac‐induced nephrotoxicity via improving ...mitochondrial function. In an in vitro study, CoQ10 reduced the production of Tac‐induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and abolished the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in proximal tubular cell line. Assessment of mitochondrial function revealed that CoQ10 decreased oxygen consumption and mitochondrial respiration rate increased by Tac, suggesting improvement of mitochondrial function to synthesize ATP with CoQ10 treatment. The effect of the CoQ10 in vitro study was observed in an experimental model of chronic Tac‐induced nephropathy. CoQ10 attenuated Tac‐induced oxidative stress and was accompanied by function and histologic improvement. On electron microscopy, addition of CoQ10 increased not only the number but also the volume of mitochondria compared with Tac treatment only. Our data indicate that CoQ10 improves Tac‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction in kidney. Supplementary CoQ10 treatment may be a promising approach to reduce Tac‐induced nephrotoxicity.—Yu, J. H., Lim, S. W., Luo, K., Cui, S., Quan, Y., Shin, Y. J., Lee, K. E., Kim, H. L., Ko, E. J., Chung, B. H., Kim, J. H., Chung, S. J., Yang, C. W. Coenzyme Q10 alleviates tacrolimus‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction in kidney. FASEB J. 33, 12288‐12298 (2019). www.fasebj.org
In the Metaverse, 3D modeling techniques and autoencoders offer a novel approach for handling 2D portraits of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs). These techniques have significant applications in the ...metaverse, a virtual, shared, and persistently online space that combines the real world, virtual reality, and augmented reality. Within the metaverse, NFTs can represent virtual items and assets, and 3D modeling techniques can be used to create three-dimensional models of these virtual items and assets. In this paper, we propose a novel method of inferring 3D structure and texture from 2D Non-Fungible Token (NFT) portraits using image-decoupled autoencoders. By implementing 3D facial modeling, depth values are associated with each pixel in the canonical view, thereby modeling 3D faces with fine textures and accurate structures from 2D NFT portraits. The input image is decomposed into four elements: depth map, albedo image, light direction, and viewpoint, all of which are used in the 3D reconstruction process. Asymmetry in NFT portraits is also addressed, and a symmetry confidence map is used to record the symmetry prediction probability for each pixel. In the experimental section, datasets including human faces and anime faces are used to better adapt to the diverse styles of NFT images. The Adam optimizer is used for training, and a set of new evaluation metrics, including cosine similarity, PSNR, SSIM, and LPIPS, are used to assess the quality of texture reconstruction. The proposed method achieves state-of-the-art performance in 3D facial reconstruction and performs exceptionally well in 3D facial reconstruction of anime faces compared to other methods.
•We proposed an autoencoder method for 3D reconstruction of 2D NFT portraits in the metaverse, inferring 3D structure and texture.•We designed techniques for consistent 3D NFT portraits under various lighting conditions, enhancing their visual quality.•Additionally, we introduced a novel approach to model facial symmetry, improving both quality and realism of 3D NFTs.
•The recent methods for 3d reconstruction of human bodies are categorized and analyzed.•A comprehensive description of each methods is provided.•Identifying of topics for further research.•A ...successful 3D reconstruction approach generally depends on the information extracted from the image (structural, shape, and texture information) and the choice of the output 3D representation.
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3D reconstruction of human bodies remains an important research issue in computer vision. It is a fundamental resource for many everyday applications, including in the entertainment industry (animation), human-computer interaction, medical diagnosis, and, more recently, virtual reality. In recent years, several researchers have proposed multiple approaches for 3D reconstruction of human bodies from images. This article aims to display a systematic review of the different methods developed for 3D reconstruction of human bodies from single or multiple images. With this work, we intend to explore and categorize the different methods of 3D reconstruction of human bodies, making a comparison and then a discussion between the approaches. For that, articles published between 2016 and 2023 were analyzed. A total of 3325 publications were identified in the specified databases, and after a detailed analysis, only 70 were reviewed for this systematic literature review. Based on the analysis performed, it is concluded that it is possible to categorize human 3d reconstruction methods into two principal groups that are divided according to their theoretical category or based on the 3D representation used as output. However, more research should be done on human inference to overcome existing limitations and generate more accurate and detailed models.
We present a novel algorithm for view synthesis that utilizes a soft 3D reconstruction to improve quality, continuity and robustness. Our main contribution is the formulation of a soft 3D ...representation that preserves depth uncertainty through each stage of 3D reconstruction and rendering. We show that this representation is beneficial throughout the view synthesis pipeline. During view synthesis, it provides a soft model of scene geometry that provides continuity across synthesized views and robustness to depth uncertainty. During 3D reconstruction, the same robust estimates of scene visibility can be applied iteratively to improve depth estimation around object edges. Our algorithm is based entirely on O(1) filters, making it conducive to acceleration and it works with structured or unstructured sets of input views. We compare with recent classical and learning-based algorithms on plenoptic lightfields, wide baseline captures, and lightfield videos produced from camera arrays.
•A new perspective light field-based holographic algorithm that can generate high-quality 3D holograms for arbitrary scenes.•The constructed radiance field representation can avoid the ...spatial-angular tradeoff and achieve high-resolution reconstruction within a deep depth range.•The computational hologram provides the natural occlusion and view-dependent effects.
Conventional light field-based computer-generated holograms, such as holographic stereograms, can provide nature parallax and accurate occlusion relation but are restricted by the inherent tradeoff concerning the angular and spatial resolution of the reconstructed optical field. In contrast, Wigner distribution function based light field generated holograms, also called non-hogel-based holograms, release this limitation by using basic ray-to-wave transformation frameworks. However, at present, this transformation framework is accurate only for generating holograms from orthogonal light field images of 3D scenes with a limited depth range and size. Thus, the radiance field holography method is proposed in this paper to generate high-quality 3D holograms for arbitrary scenes that can achieve high-resolution reconstruction within a deep depth range. In our method, a proposed radiance field is constructed from the perspective light field, which consists of multiple reference planes to resample and redistribute the light rays to represent the diffracted optical field of the 3D objects according to our developed sampling criterion. The complex optical field of the 3D object can be synthesized from these reference planes based on inverse Wigner transform and Fresnel propagation. As a result, both the numerical simulations and the optical experiments are implemented, and it is demonstrated that the high-quality 3D reconstruction of the synthesized hologram is achieved, which reflects the highest reconstruction resolution among the existing methods, the large depth range with accurate refocus and defocus, and the natural view-dependent effects.
Orthopedic spine disease is one of the most common diseases in the clinic. The diagnosis of spinal orthopedic injury is an important basis for the treatment of spinal orthopedic diseases. Due to the ...complexity of the spine structure, doctors usually need to rely on orthopedic CT image data for accurate diagnosis. In some cases, such as poor areas or in emergency situations, it is difficult for doctors to make accurate diagnoses using only 2D x-ray images due to lack of 3D imaging equipment or time crunch. Therefore, an approach based on 2D x-ray images is needed to solve this problem. In this paper, a novel 3D spine reconstruction technique based on 2D orthogonal x-ray images (3DSRNet) is designed. 3DSRNet uses a generative adversarial network architecture and novel modules to make 3D spine reconstruction more accurate and efficient. Spine reconstruction CNN-transformer framework (SRCT) is employed to effectively integrate local bone surface information and long-range relation spinal structure information. Spine reconstruction texture framework (SRTE) is used to extract spine texture features to enhance the effect of pixel-level reconstruction. Experiments show that 3DSRNet achieves excellent 3D spine reconstruction results on multiple metrics including PSNR (45.4666 dB), SSIM (0.8850), CS (0.7662), MAE (23.6696), MSE (9016.1044), and LPIPS (0.0768).
We present MoReLab, a tool for user-assisted 3D reconstruction. This reconstruction requires an understanding of the shapes of the desired objects. Our experiments demonstrate that existing Structure ...from Motion (SfM) software packages fail to estimate accurate 3D models in low-quality videos due to several issues such as low resolution, featureless surfaces, low lighting, etc. In such scenarios, which are common for industrial utility companies, user assistance becomes necessary to create reliable 3D models. In our system, the user first needs to add features and correspondences manually on multiple video frames. Then, classic camera calibration and bundle adjustment are applied. At this point, MoReLab provides several primitive shape tools such as rectangles, cylinders, curved cylinders, etc., to model different parts of the scene and export 3D meshes. These shapes are essential for modeling industrial equipment whose videos are typically captured by utility companies with old video cameras (low resolution, compression artifacts, etc.) and in disadvantageous lighting conditions (low lighting, torchlight attached to the video camera, etc.). We evaluate our tool on real industrial case scenarios and compare it against existing approaches. Visual comparisons and quantitative results show that MoReLab achieves superior results with regard to other user-interactive 3D modeling tools.
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