The Second International Conference on the Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life will take place in Ireland August 15-20, 2010. The main emphasis of the conference will be on defining the current state of ...knowledge. However, we will also assess progress in the three years since the First conference. The Second conference will place strong emphasis on recent research results, the sharing of ideas, discussion of experimental approaches, and analysis of regulatory issues.
Ocean Outpost Seedhouse, Erik
2011, 2010, 2010-07-29
eBook
One of the greatest scientific and technological achievements of the 21st century will be to cast a light on the eternal darkness of the deep ocean and this book identifies the key determinants of ...life or death in its extreme environment. Dr. Erik Seedhouse examines how individuals survive free dives to 200m, how humans adapt to breathing exotic gas mixes at depths exceeding 700m, and how technological innovation will enable humans to enter unendurable realms. The book describes the problems unique to the hostile environment of the deep ocean, such as decompression sickness, discusses how the human body responds to increased pressure, and what happens when adaptive mechanisms fail. Ocean Outpost describes how the technology will evolve, how crews will be selected and trained and what a typical underwater mission will entail. The book also chronicles the frontiers of diving medicine that will eventually take humans into the midst of a world we could once only guess at.
Amazonian Floodplain Forests Junk, Wolfgang J; Parolin, Pia; Piedade, Maria T. F ...
2010, 2011, 2010-05-15, Volume:
210
eBook, Book
Central Amazonian floodplain forests are an unique and endangered ecosystem. The forests grow in areas that are annually flooded by large rivers during mean periods of up to 8 months and at depths of ...up to 10 m. Despite this severe stress, these forests consist of over 1,000 species and are by far the most species-rich floodplain forests worldwide. The trees show a broad range of morphological, anatomical, physiological, and phenological adaptations that enable them not only to survive the adverse environmental conditions, but also to produce large amounts of biomass when the nutrient levels in water and soils are sufficiently high. This is the case in the floodplains of white-water rivers, which are used for fisheries, agriculture, and cattle-ranching but which also have a high potential for the production of timber and non-timber products, when adequately managed. Latest research on ecophysiology gives insight how tree species adapt to the oscillating flood-pulse focusing on their photosynthesis, respiration, sap flow, biochemistry, phenology, wood and leave anatomy, root morphology and functioning, fruit chemistry, seed germination, seedling establishment, nitrogen fixation and genetic variability. Based on tree ages, lifetime growth rates and net primary production, new concepts are developed to improve the sustainability of traditional forest managements in the background of an integrated natural resource management. This is the first integrative book on the functioning and ecologically oriented use of floodplain forests in the tropics and sub-tropics.It provides fundamental knowledge for scientist, students, foresters and other professionals on their distribution, evolution and phytogeography. 'This book is an excellent testimony to the interdisciplinary collaboration of a group of very dedicated scientists to unravel the functioning of the Amazonian Floodplain forests. They have brought together a highly valuable contribution on the distribution, ecology, primary production, ecophysiology, typology, biodiversity, and human use of these forests offering recommendations for sustainable management and future projects in science and development of these unique wetland ecosystems. It lays a solid scientific foundation for wetland ecologists, foresters, environmentalists, wetland managers, and all those interested in sustainable management in the tropics and subtropics.' Brij Gopal, Executive Vice President International Society for Limnology (SIL).
The third edition of The Ciliated Protozoa thoroughly documents the progress in our understanding of the evolutionary diversification of these widely distributed eukaryotic microorganisms. The ...Glossary is considerably revised and expanded, serving as an illustrated ‘subject index’ of more than 700 terms. An introduction to the phylum is followed by chapters on the 11 classes. The book also contains a major chapter entitled The Ciliate Taxa.
Investigations of the inland water bodies of southeast Azerbaijan (mainly near the city of Lenkoran and its
suburbs) yielded 11 additional species of freshwater testate amoebae. Among these, 7 ...species (Oopyxis lenkoranica sp.n.,
Pentagonia azerbaijanica sp.n., Difflugia lenkoranica sp.n., D.talyshica sp.n., D.sapnakeranica sp.n., D.pressula sp.n., and
D.girkanica sp.n.) are new to science. Descriptions of all 11 species are given.
Mezopotamya dikenli yılanbalığı, Mastacembelus mastacembelus (Banks ve Solender, 1794) örnekleri, farklı sert
yapılar arasından en güvenilir yaş tayini metodunu belirlemek ve büyüme parametrelerini ...tespit etmek amacıyla Fırat
nehri üzerinde kurulu büyük bir baraj gölünden toplanmıştır. Toplam 195 örnekten omur, otolit ve operkül serisi
çıkarılmıştır. Omur en kolay yorumlanabilir yaş halkalarını oluşturmuştur. Total boy dağılım aralığı 14,4-76,9 cm, ağırlık
dağılım aralığı ise 6,0 g-950,0 g olarak tespit edilmiştir. Boy ve ağırlık frekans dağılımı eşeyler arasında önemli farklılık
göstermiştir (K-S testi, P < 0,001). Total boy-ağırlık ilişkisi W = 0,$004TL^ {2.84}$ (r = 0,98) şeklinde tespit edilmiş, erkek ve
dişiler arasında anlamlı farklılık bulunmamıştır (GLM, P > 0,05). Yaş dağılımı 1-21 yıl arasında değişmiş ancak 9 yaşından
büyük dişi bireylere rastlanmamıştır. Omur çapı ölçümleri ile total boy ve yaş arasındaki ilişkilere en iyi uyum sağlayan
modeller doğrusal ve kübik regresyon denklemleriyle ifade edilmiştir. Von Bertalanffy büyüme denklemi parametreleri
tüm veri grubu için L∞ = 81,7 cm, k = 0,13 cm yı$l^ {-1}$ ve $t _0$ = -0,573 yıl, Ø' büyüme performans katsayısı ise 6,766 olarak
hesaplanmıştır. Yaş yorumlaması esnasında omurda büyümenin üçüncü yılında 'doğal bir işaret' oluştuğu görülmüştür.
Üçüncü yıl halkası içinde çok sayıda ince halkadan oluşan bu yapının daha sonraki annulus oluşumlarında kaybolduğu
ve o yıl oluşan herhangi bir çevresel stress faktörüyle ilişkili olabileceği belirlenmiştir.
Mesopotamian spiny eels, Mastacembelus mastacembelus (Banks & Solender, 1794), were collected from a large
dam lake located on the Euphrates River in order to determine the most reliable ageing method among different hard
structures and to estimate growth parameters. Vertebra, otolith, and opercle series were removed from 195 individuals.
Vertebrae displayed the most interpretable annulus formations. Total length ranged from 14.4 cm to 76.9 cm and total
weight ranged from 6.0 g to 950.0 g. The length and weight frequency distribution was significantly different between
the 2 sexes (K-S test, P < 0.001). The length-weight relationship, determined as W = 0.$004TL^ {2.84}$ (r = 0.98), revealed no
sex-based significant difference (GLM, P > 0.05). Age classes ranged from 1 to 21 years in males and up to 9 years in
females. Vertebra diameter was strongly correlated with total length and age, which were expressed by linear or cubic
regression equations. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters were L∞ = 81.7 cm, k = 0.13 cm yea$r^ {-1}$ and $t _0$ = -0.573 years
for the combined sexes, and the Ø' index was estimated as 6.766. Age interpretation revealed that a natural mark occurs
on vertebrae in the third year of growth. This mark was composed of narrowly arranged numerous checks within the third
annulus and it disappeared in subsequent annuli, which may be related to an environmental stress factor that occurred
in that year.
Fethiye Körfezi'nden (Türkiye'nin Akdeniz kıyıları) Diogenidae, Paguridae, Galatheidae ve Porcellanidae
familyalarına dahil toplam 22 anomur türü tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma boyunca saptanan 22 türden ...14'ü (Pagurus prideaux
Leach, 1815, P. forbesii Bell, 1845, P. cheuvreuxi (Bouvier, 1896), P. cuanensis Bell, 1845, P. excavatus (Herbst, 1791),
Anapagurus petiti Dechance and Forest, 1962, A. chiroacathus (Lilljeborg, 1856), A. bicorniger A. Milne Edwards and
Bouvier, 1892, Dardanus calidus (Risso, 1827), Paguristes syrtensis De Saint Laurent, 1971, Diogenes pugilator (Roux,
1829), Galathea dispersa Bate, 1859, G. bolivari Zariquiey Álvarez, 1950, Pisidia longimana (Risso, 1816) Fethiye
Körfezi'nden; 5'i (A. chiroacanthus, A. petiti, A. bicorniger, P. cheuvreuxi and P. prideaux) Türkiye'nin Akdeniz kıyılarından
ilk kez rapor edilmektedir. A. chiroacanthus ayrıca Levantin Denizi'nden ilk kayıttır. Türlerin Türk sularındaki dağılımları
ve bazılarının fotoğrafları verilmiştir.
A study of the anomuran crustaceans found in Fethiye Bay, on the Mediterranean coast of Turkey, revealed 22
species belonging to 4 families (Diogenidae, Paguridae, Galathaeidae, and Porcellanidae). Of these, 14 species (Pagurus
prideaux Leach, 1815, P. forbesii Bell, 1845, P. cheuvreuxi (Bouvier, 1896), P. cuanensis Bell, 1845, P. excavatus (Herbst,
1791), Anapagurus petiti Dechance and Forest, 1962, A. chiroacathus (Lilljeborg, 1856), A. bicorniger A. Milne Edwards
and Bouvier, 1892, Dardanus calidus (Risso, 1827), Paguristes syrtensis De Saint Laurent, 1971, Diogenes pugilator (Roux,
1829), Galathea dispersa Bate, 1859, G. bolivari Zariquiey Álvarez, 1950, and Pisidia longimana (Risso, 1816)) were new
records for Fethiye Bay, and 5 species (A. chiroacanthus, A. petiti, A. bicorniger, P. cheuvreuxi, and P. prideaux) were new
records for the Mediterranean coast of Turkey. In addition, A. chiroacanthus was recorded for the first time from the
Levantine Sea. Distribution of the species in the Turkish waters is provided, together with photographs of some of the
species.
Araştırmada, iki ağır metale (gerekli olan (Cu) ve biyolojik yapıda bulunmayan (Cd)) maruz bırakılan kerevit
(Astacus leptodactylus (Eschscholtz, 1823) plepodal yumurta ve stage-1 junevillerin ...biyokimyasal değişimlerinin
belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma, farklı üç sublethal doz (0,1, 0,5, 1 ppm) ve bir etkileşim dozunda gerçekleştirmiştir.
Farklı ağır metal dozlarına maruz bırakılan plepodal yumurta ve stage-1 junevillerin P, Ca, Mg ve toplam protein miktarı
otoanalizatörde ölçülmüştür. Analizler hem embriyonik plepodal yumurta hem de stage-1 junevillerde (üçüncü haftada)
yapılmıştır. On adet plepodal yumurta ya da stage-1 junevil 3 hafta boyunca, haftalık olarak ağır metal miktarları
belirlenmiştir. Yumurta ve yeni çıkmış stage-1 junevilde Cd ve Cu miktarları alev atomik absorpsiyon
spektrofotometresinde (FAAS) ile belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar, her iki ağır metalin de (Cd, Cu) yumurta ve yeni çıkmış stage-
1 junevilde biriktiğini göstermektedir. Aynı zamanda Cu ile Cd arasında antagonistik bir ilişki olduğu düşülmektedir.
Cd+Cu etkisi, tek başına Cd ile karşılaştırıldığında, karışım halinde (Cd+Cu) daha toksik olduğu buna karşın Cu ile
kıyasla daha toksik olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Farklı Cd dozlarında, kadmiyumun yumurtadaki Ca seviyesini etkilediği
saptanmıştır. Mg miktarının plepodal yumurta ya da stage-1 junevil süreye bağlı olarak artış gösterirken, P, Ca, ve toplam
protein miktarında azalma belirlenmiştir. Tüm biyokimyasal parametreler ve toplam protein miktarı her iki ağır metal
miktarına göre değişmektedir.
To determine the potential biochemical effects of heavy metal pollution on aquatic organisms, pleopodal eggs,
and stage-1 juveniles of the freshwater crayfish, Astacus leptodactylus (Eschscholtz, 1823), was exposed to a non-essential
(Cd) and an essential (Cu) metal, either singly or in combination. Three different sublethal doses (0.1, 0.5, and 1 ppm)
and 1 interaction dose (0.1 ppm Cu + 0.1 ppm Cd) were used to evaluate the accumulation and toxicity. The effects of 2
doses of metals on P, Ca, total protein, and Mg contents in the embryonic pleopodal eggs and in stage-1 juveniles were
examined by an autoanalyzer. The same analyses were also performed on recently spawned eggs through the transition
to the first juvenile stage (3 weeks). Ten eggs or stage-1 juveniles were sampled during the 3-week period to measure the
bioaccumulation of metals. Cd and Cu levels in the eggs and recently spawned eggs were determined by flame atomic
absorption spectrophotometer (FAAS). The results showed that both Cd and Cu accumulated in eggs and in stage-1
juveniles. The results also indicated that metal interactions also occurred, which in this case were probably antagonistic.
A comparison of the effects of Cd alone with those of Cd+Cu in combination showed that the mixture was more toxic
than Cd alone, but not more toxic than Cu alone. Cd also affected the Ca level in the eggs. The level of Mg increased, while
the levels of P, Ca, and total protein decreased in pleopodal eggs exposed to different doses of Cu and Cd. All biochemical
parameters and protein levels measured were affected by both metals.
