To compile current legislation of indoor tanning throughout the world and compare them with existing legislation found in 2003.
Cross-sectional study.
International.
All nations with legislation ...regarding access to indoor tanning found through web-based Internet search.
Number of nations with legislation and changes to laws regarding access to indoor tanning since 2003.
The number of countries with nationwide indoor tanning legislation restricting youth 18 years or younger increased from 2 countries in 2003 to 11 countries in 2011. Six states or territories in Australia restricted indoor tanning in all minors; a province and a region in Canada implemented youth tanning laws; and 8 states, in addition to 3 preexisting state laws, in the United States implemented indoor tanning legislation since 2003.
Since 2003, access to indoor tanning has become increasingly restricted around the world.
Allergic contact dermatitis due to acrylates present in the workplace is a disease frequently reported among dentists, printers, and fiberglass workers. Recently, the number of cases of contact ...allergic dermatitis among beauticians specialized in sculpting artificial nails has increased.
Our objective was to study the clinical characteristics and allergens implicated in allergic contact dermatitis due to acrylates in beauticians and users of sculpted nails.
This was an observational, retrospective study of patients diagnosed with allergic contact dermatitis due to acrylates used in sculpting artificial nails over the last 26 years in the Hospital General Universitario, Valencia, Spain.
In total, 15 patients were diagnosed: 14 beauticians and 1 client. Most cases were diagnosed in the past 2 years. All were women, their mean age was 32.2 years, and 26.7 % had a personal or family history of atopy. The sensitization time varied between 1 month and 15 years. The most frequently affected areas were the fleshy parts of the fingers and hands. Three patients - 2 beauticians and 1 client - presented allergic asthma due to acrylates. All patients underwent patch testing with a standard battery of allergens and a battery of acrylates. The most frequent allergens were ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (13/15, 86.7 %), hydroxyethyl methacrylate (13/15, 86.7 %), triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (7/15, 46.7 %), 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (5/15, 33.3 %), and methyl methacrylate (5/15, 33.3 %).
Acrylate monomers used for sculpting artificial nails are important sensitizers for contact and occupational dermatitis. The most important consideration is primary and secondary prevention.
European Union. European Regional Development Fund
Operational Programme Innovative Economy, 2007-2013, Priority 2.
University of Warsaw Library
Program Operacyjny Innowacyjna Gospodarka, lata ...2007-2013, Priorytet 2. Infrastruktura strefy B + R
Unia Europejska. Europejski Fundusz Rozwoju Regionalnego
Biblioteka Uniwersytecka w Warszawie
European Union. European Regional Development Fund
Operational Programme Innovative Economy, 2007-2013, Priority 2.
University of Warsaw Library
Program Operacyjny Innowacyjna Gospodarka, lata ...2007-2013, Priorytet 2. Infrastruktura strefy B + R
Unia Europejska. Europejski Fundusz Rozwoju Regionalnego
Biblioteka Uniwersytecka w Warszawie
European Union. European Regional Development Fund
Operational Programme Innovative Economy, 2007-2013, Priority 2.
University of Warsaw Library
Program Operacyjny Innowacyjna Gospodarka, lata ...2007-2013, Priorytet 2. Infrastruktura strefy B + R
Unia Europejska. Europejski Fundusz Rozwoju Regionalnego
Biblioteka Uniwersytecka w Warszawie
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