Arheološke raziskave v zadnjih petnajstih letih dopolnjujejo naše poznavanje poselitve in razumevanje pokrajine v Beli krajini v pozni bronasti in starejši železni dobi. Raziskave vključujejo ...več pristopov, predvsem terenske preglede in pedološke analize ter radiokarbonsko datiranje vzorcev z izkopavanj. Opravljene so bile tudi analize podatkov zračnega lidarskega snemanja, slednje ponuja velik potencial za razkrivanje razsežnosti poselitve na pogozdenih območjih hribovitih obronkov ter nižinskega krasa v Beli krajini, pa tudi nove poglede na že znana arheološka najdišča.
V prispevku je posebna pozornost posvečena pomenu omenjenih pristopov pri terenskih raziskavah, opravljenih v mestnem jedru Črnomlja (1995–2008), na zahodni črnomaljski obvoznici (2004–2009) ter Dragatuškem polju (2000– 2019), ki so razkrili vzorce in podrobnejšo sliko poselitve v pozni bronasti in starejši železni dobi ter prazgodovinske rabe prostora na območju Črnomlja in Dragatuškega polja.
Dolenjska kulturna skupina je ena izmed bolje raziskanih predelov jugovzhodnoalpske halštatske kulture, ki obsega poleg Dolenjske tudi Belo krajino in Gorjance/Žumberak ter Posavje in Zasavje. ...Solidno osnovo zanjo predstavlja krono- loška shema, ki jo je predložil S. Gabrovec in ki je bila dopolnjena predvsem s strani njegovih učencev. Bistveno nova so spoznanja, ki so jih prinesle raziskave o poselitvi teritorija dolenjske skupine, o njenih naselbinah ter utrdbah ter njeni organiziranosti. Nove vidike so odprla tudi novejša arheološka izkopavanja, zlasti gomilnih nekropol v Novem mestu in Budinjaku. Pogrebni običaji, kot se odražajo v različnih načinih pokopavanja (žgani, skeletni) in v različnih velikostih in strukturiranosti gomil (gomile z majhnim ali večjim številom grobov, gomile s centralnim grobom ali brez, gomile z grobovi v koncentrično razporejenih krogih, gomile z različno usmerjenostjo grobov ipd.) kažejo na kompleksnost halštatske družbe, na njeno socialno razslojenost in verovanjske predstave. Hkrati pa se dolenjska halštatska skupina skozi grobne pridatke kaže kot izrazito vojaško organizirana družba v primerjavi z drugimi skupinami jugovzhodnoalpskega halštatskega kroga.
This study shows the link between land use, landscape changes, and ecosystem services. Two pilot areas were investigated for how land use changes from 1824 to 2013 affect the provision of ecosystem ...services. It was found that low-intensity managed traditional land use is disappearing due to the intensification of agricultural production on the one hand, and the retreat of agriculture from unfavorable areas on the other hand. However, such traditional land use contributes to more diverse and more numerous ecosystem services and helps preserve the cultural landscape. Therefore, intensification and overgrowth should be restricted, and less intensive agriculture should be encouraged. The approach presented can be used as a support tool for decision-making in managing and governing landscapes.
V prispevku predstavljamo železnodobno središče v Podzemlju. Kronološki pregled starih raziskovanj naselja in pripadajočih grobišč dopolnjujemo s predstavitvijo prvih rezultatov novih ...naselbinskih izkopavanj na južnem vrhu Kučarja, kjer sta bili odkriti dve stopnji halštatske poselitve. Prvič so bile raziskane ostaline obrambnega nasipa, najverjetneje ruševine zidu, s katerim je bil južni vrh obdan šele v mlajši fazi. Na tem območju so bile ohranjene tudi sledi poselitve iz mlajše železne dobe.
Raziskave na južnem vrhu Kučarja in odkritje grobišča na Pezdirčevi njivi na zahodni strani naselja pomembno dopolnjujejo naše vedenje o razvoju železnodobnega središča v Podzemlju.
Na grobišču, najverjetneje planem, ki še ni v celoti raziskano in zamejeno, sta bili odkriti dve skupini grobov, ki ju datiramo na sam konec halštatskega obdobja in v mlajšo železno dobo, pri čemer slednja nedvomno sodi v viniško kulturno skupino.
Obe raziskavi sta še v teku in bosta celovito predstavljeni v prihodnjih letih.
This study presents the results of an in-depth study on landscape changes over the last two centuries in the region of Bela krajina, south-eastern Slovenia. Since this region is situated along the ...Slovenian–Croatian border, immigration and emigration are permanent fixtures in the region. Due to historical reasons, population structure and land use changes occurred. With regard to these processes, two case studies were selected: settlements of Adlešiči and Bojanci. Adlešiči is a village mainly inhabited by farmers of catholic religion. Bojanci was colonized by Orthodox Uskoki, i.e. refugees from Ottoman Empire who become Habsburg soldiers who lived a military life and had different attitude towards land cultivation. Landscapes in these two settlements have its own distinctive patterns contrasting to each other in the land use, showing historically distinctive cultural landscapes. The study aimed to interpret the development of cultural landscapes in these settlements by analysing the land use changes and identifying the factors that influenced it. Even though these sites have different management regimes, they are both affected by difficult karst terrain and isolation. The results confirmed the land abandonment and overgrowth of agricultural land in both case studies, however, at different rates.
The e-publication entitled Gradivo za topografijo Dolenjske, Posavja in Bele krajine v železni dobi ('Available evidence for the topography of the Dolenjska, Posavje and Bela krajina regions in the ...Iron Age', only in Slovenian) presents over six hundred sites in the three regions of south-eastern Slovenia that date from this distant period of the past. It is a database that upgrades the first register of Slovene archaeological heritage (Arheološka najdišča Slovenije), published in 1975 by the Institute of Archaeology at the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts. This register was created with the data then available in literature, while field surveys were only performed on select sites or areas. It was followed up by a project devoting to the archaeological topography of Slovenia (Arheološke topografije Slovenije), the main objective of which was to accurately map the already known sites, as well as to discover new ones. Of all the regions of Slovenia, only the updated topography of three regions was published, among them Bela krajina, which was an integral part of the Dolenjska community in the Early Iron Age.
Sustainable development in karst areas should be adapted to its specificities and take into account its vulnerability. The assessment of the development potential and management of karst areas is of ...great importance in Slovenia. This book presents the analyses of the impact of landscape features on the land use and sustainable development in a marginal Slovenian karst landscape ‒ Bela krajina. In order to draw attention to the combination of social perspectives with natural conditions for an integrative view of the karst landscapes, three approaches were used: 1. assessment of the degree of human disturbance to the karst landscape, 2. analyses of land use dynamics, and 3. quantitative and qualitative analyses of the sustainable development of Bela krajina. Karst landscape features affect sustainable development of the study region both positively and negatively. According to local stakeholders the positive effects are mainly connected with tourism, and the negative effects are mainly connected with hampered agriculture. The main message is that karst landscape features should not only be seen as limiting factors, but also for their development potential.
In the Balkan Peninsula, different populations of Pramenka were the most common sheep breed. Due to different ecosystems and climate environment, these subpopulations have evolved genetic ...differences. The largest influence on the local genotype of Bela Krajina Pramenka in Slovenia based on the literature data could have Lika Pramenka from the neighbouring Croatia and some other Pramenka breeds from Bosnia and Herzegovina. Herein, genetic diversity within Slovenian Bela Krajina Pramenka sheep (BP) compared to three Croatian breeds, Cres island sheep (CRE), Lika Pramenka sheep (LIK), and Istrian Pramenka (IST) was studied using ten microsatellite markers. Bela Krajina Pramenka had relatively high genetic diversity shown by the mean number of alleles per microsatellite locus (7.20±2.04) and expected heterozygosity (0.72±0.03). The delta K method reviled four clusters as the most appropriate fit. The STRUCTURE software formed four unique distinct clusters equal to the actual number of analysed populations. Therefore, Bela Krajina Pramenka was found to be an authentic breed based on ten microsatellite markers and compared to three geographically closest sheep breeds. Some admixture among the included populations was found as well.
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