To date most global approaches to functional genomics have centred on genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics. However, since a number of high- profile publications, interest in metabolomics, the ...global profiling of metabolites in a cell, tissue or organism, has been rapidly increasing. A range of analytical techniques, including super(1)H NMR spectroscopy, gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GC-MS), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), Fourier Transform mass spectrometry (FT-MS), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and electrochemical array (EC-array), are required in order to maximize the number of metabolites that can be identified in a matrix. Applications have included phenotyping of yeast, mice and plants, understanding drug toxicity in pharmaceutical drug safety assessment, monitoring tumour treatment regimes and disease diagnosis in human populations. These successes are likely to be built on as other analytical and bioinformatic approaches are developed to fully exploit the information obtained in metabolic profiles. To assist in this process, databases of metabolomic data will be necessary to allow the passage of information between laboratories. In this prospective review, the capabilities of metabolomics in the field of medicine will be assessed in an attempt to predict the impact this 'Cinderella approach' will have at the 'functional genomic ball'.
Desde finales de la década de 1980, el arquetipo de princesas Disney ha vivido un proceso de empoderamiento acorde con los cambios sociales experimentados a raíz del movimiento feminista. Estas ...nuevas protagonistas se caracterizan por su independencia, valentía y determinación para tomar sus propias decisiones, enfrentándose a cualquier adversidad que puedan encontrar a lo largo del camino. Sin embargo, cuarenta años atrás ya hubo una princesa que, sin salvar a todo un imperio, mostró una fortaleza y valor que le permitieron alcanzar la libertad con la que solo se había atrevido a soñar. A pesar de todas las connotaciones negativas que se han asociado con el personaje de Cenicienta, en este texto proponemos que no fue su príncipe quien la rescató de su miserable existencia, sino su carácter humilde, actitud ensoñadora y el apoyo de sus incondicionales amigos. Una historia admirable que pretendemos reivindicar y, sobre todo, releer desde una nueva perspectiva.
While gender is the genetic, physiological, and biological characteristics of a person as a woman or a man, gender is the social identity roles with the personality features that are formed by the ...social and cultural evaluation of the differences between men and women. Gender is a term that relates to how society sees, perceives, thinks, and wants a person to behave as a man or a woman. Socialization is a process by which a person becomes a part of society and gains identity and gender stereotypes. Gender equality means that women and men have equal rights before the law, treated equally, and benefit from opportunities and services in society. This article draws attention to the existence of conditions that show that gender inequality is against women in the 21st century.
Every culture in the world has a version of the story of Cinderella. Surveying thousands of tellings of what is perhaps the most popular fairy tale of all time, this critical examination explores how ...the famous folk heroine embodies common societal values, traits and ethics. Multiple adaptations in Spain--gay Cinderella, suicidal Cinderella, censored Cinderella, masked Cinderella, porn Cinderella and others--highlight not only Spanish traditions, history and Zeitgeist, but reflect the story's global appeal on a philosophical level.
This article reports on variations of the Cinderella fairytale as told by two southern Namibian storytellers, Martha Frederik and Katrina Louw. The analysis concentrates on the self-imagery of these ...storytellers as reflected in their performances. Although their stories are not overtly political they interpret their social environment, the relationships between men and women and employment interactions. In this sense these narratives communicate deeper dimensions of Namibian colonial relationships. Life in the towns of Aranos and Gochas is uninspiring, since these are small agricultural supply stations, settled in the mostly arid, sparse, semi-desert southern region of Namibia, Hardap. These communities are generally dirt poor, inhabited mainly by the unemployed, children, women and pensioners. The article further explores facets of the Frederik and Louw's re-interpretations of Cinderella. A few salient sections in especially the performance of Frederik are selected to demonstrate how the storytellers reconstruct their experience of life. Both texts are adapted intuitively to the storytellers' social circumstances and lived experience. The article concludes that it is through the exploration of such narrative experiences that the dialogical relationship between the powerful and the powerless can be understood.
The adulteration of whiskey with analgesics and sedation drugs has been a common practice to prevent hangover the following day and promote loss of consciousness. In both situations, the portable and ...low cost detection platforms are of paramount importance for forensic investigations. This report describes the use of electrochemical paper‐based analytical devices (ePADs) fabricated by pencil drawing for detecting metamizole, paracetamol and midazolam maleate in whiskey. Different types of paper substrates and graphite pencils were initially characterized with ferrocyanide. The best results were achieved using vegetal paper and Aquarelle/6B pencils. ePADs revealed a decrease in current signal indicating a short lifetime, thus limiting their use to disposable sensors. Despite the short lifetime, the graphite pencil ePADs revealed good electrochemical reproducibility (RSD=3.3 %). The forensic feasibility of the proposed ePADs was demonstrated through the analysis of metamizole and paracetamol in whiskey. The limit of detection (LOD) achieved for paracetamol and metamizole were 45 and 20 mg L−1, respectively. ePADs were also tested to detect midazolam maleate in whiskey. The signal recorded exhibited linear correlation in a wide concentration range (25–1000 mg L−1) and a LOD of ca. 5 mg L−1. Considering the disposability and operational simplicity, ePADs offer a good strategy for detecting adulterations in alcoholic beverages at the point‐of‐need.
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