Right‐wing populism has gained ground in Europe in recent years, with the greatest support among rural communities. Yet the European countryside remains largely overlooked in debates on the current ...political crisis and the ways out of it. This article aims to provide keys for understanding the connection between right‐wing populism and the rural world in Europe. Our analysis unfolds around three main ideas. First, we argue that the root cause of the spread of right‐wing populism is the fundamental, multidimensional crisis of globalised neoliberal capitalism, particularly pronounced in Europe’s countryside. Second, we examine what role historical legacies, trajectories of agrarian change, and other national, regional and local specificities play in shaping populist movements in different rural areas in Europe. Finally, we discuss the constraints and possibilities for the emergence of agrarian (populist) movements that may offer progressive alternatives to right‐wing populism in the countryside.
Rural studies have highlighted a rural idyll as something to which many aspire, perhaps as a vision of a good place to live or as a repository of values. But harking back to an imagined past is ...recognized as normative and power-infused, often serving the interests of the powerful. How far should this nostalgia for an imagined golden age of indeterminate date inform a vision for a desired future? This paper seeks to begin, and indeed to provoke, discussion of what might constitute visions for rural futures, or our collective imaginaries of rural places into the twenty-first century, of a Good Countryside to work towards. What morality might underpin such imaginaries? And how might we approach such a task? One approach might be to employ utopian thinking as a means of identifying and imagining desired alternative futures, drawing upon Levitas' argument for utopia as a form of anticipatory consciousness - the not yet - in contrast to the essentially backward looking rural idyll. Four registers from urban studies - repair, relatedness, rights, re-enchantment - are then taken as a point of departure for deliberation on what morality might underpin a Good Countryside, and whether this might differ between urban and rural contexts. A discussion ensues on how to proceed in practice, both in eliminating evils and in pursuing collective forward dreaming and anticipatory consciousness, for example through place-shaping or networked rural development. Finally, the discussion reflects on what scholarly and practical roles rural sociologists might play in these processes.
This article applies Massey's (2005) call for a relational understanding of space that can challenge aspatial readings of globalization to the study of globalization in a rural context. Critiquing ...existing rural research for tending towards studies of global commodity chains and overarching processes of globalization, it argues for more place-based studies of globalization as experienced in rural localities. The concept of the `global countryside' is introduced as a hypothetical space that represents the ultimate outcome of globalizing processes, yet it is noted that the characteristics of the `global countryside' find only partial articulation in particular rural spaces. Understanding this differentiated geography of rural globalization, it is argued, requires a closer understanding of how globalization remakes rural places, for which Massey's thesis provides a guide. The article thus examines the reconstitution of rural places under globalization, highlighting the interaction of local and global actors, and of human and non-human actants, to produce new hybrid forms and relations. As such, it is argued, the politics of globalization cannot be reduced to domination or subordination, but are instead a politics of negotiation and configuration.
Melodic diversity is an essential pillar in Iraqi country singing because of its highly influential qualities and features in singing performance methods in a manner consistent with the nature and ...setting of popular heritage in the Iraqi countryside. Hence, the researcher attempts to study melodic diversity in one of the important lyrical phases, which is "Subbi Mood " as a lyrical style discovered by the Iraqi structure with high levels of expressive performance accuracy. The researcher seeks to study this topic by formulating the question as follows: What are the mechanisms of melodic diversity in Subbi Mood? The significance of the research and the need to determine its goal are thus represented as follows: Detecting the mechanisms of melodic diversity in Subbi Mood, the researcher presents the most important terms contained in the subject matter of the study, that is melodic diversity to be determined linguistically, philosophically and terminologically. The researcher then moves to define the terms procedurally in accordance with the research procedures. Chapter Two, entitled “The Theoretical framework” contains two sections, one entitling, “The Concept of Melodic Diversity,” and the other, “The Singing of the Iraqi countryside: A Study in Origin and Evolution,” all the way to topics that involve the literature review and the most key conclusions resulted from the theoretical framework. As for Chapter Three, the researcher addresses the research community and its sample in a way that meets the goal of the research and its requirements, not to mention the use of the research methodology represented by the descriptive analytical approach, leading to the research tool through which the researcher can analyze the research sample. In Chapter Four, the researcher reached the most important findings from the sample analysis, including (1) musical scale: The Subbi mood is built from the melodic scale of Nahawand, which raises the sixth scale degree of the natural Nahawand when ascending and returns it to the standard scale of the Nahawand when descending, (2) melodic range of the seventh is built from the seventh minor scale. The researcher then seeks to interpret the findings under the heading, “Conclusions,” that includes some of the following points: 1) The lyric poem takes Subbi mood as a launch pad to express the the spirit of the country environment. 2) The seventh minor scale gives the singer the ability to perform Subbi mood easily and conveniently. As the end of the Chapter, the researcher comes up with key recommendations, suggestions and most important sources and books cited by the researcher in this study.
Apart from immigrants in Greece who have papers, and perhaps can enjoy greater stability in their lives, there is a very large number of informal immigrants who are faced with the fear of deportation ...from the country daily. With this in mind, qualitative research was carried out by conducting in-depth interviews with farmers (head of the farm) and quantitative, online research was undertaken using students studying agronomy and/or people who lived in rural areas; the research material was distributed through agricultural/agronomic forums in order to better understand perceptions of agricultural work and find out the main reasons as to why the integration of immigrants and farm workers in Greece is considered to be so difficult.
The article deals with the popularity of the TV program Far from the city, which introduces townspeople who decided to move to the countryside. The host of the program visits people who have decided ...to change their lives and pursue their professional lives away from the city in various ways. Thanks to their original ideas for life, inhabited farms gained a new splendor. The program proves that the Polish countryside should no longer be defined solely by its agrarian nature and agriculture, as well as that the countryside is nowadays a good direction of migration.
The agricultural sector has a low representation in the Brazilian energy mix and in terms of distributed generation systems installed in rural areas. However, this sector represents a large portion ...of the gross domestic product. This work proposes an approach for identifying the driving factors for inserting mini and micro distributed generation systems in the agricultural sector. A methodology was developed based on a territorial approach, using indicators in Piauí to determine the major factors that drive its installation. It is observed that the main driving factor for rural microsystems is the total irrigated area of agricultural establishments. As for mini rural systems, the main driving factor is the average area of agricultural enterprises. In addition, it is reasonable to state that the proposed methodology applies to other states, from a regional and national perspective, as well as to other types of consumers.
El presente artículo se propone revisitar elconflicto campo-gobierno del año 2008 apartir de la interpretación que del mismorealizara el colectivo de intelectuales argenti-nos Carta Abierta en sus ...primeras interven-ciones públicas. Conformado al calor dedicho conflicto, que abre un nuevo perio-do de polarización de la democracia argenti-na, este grupo pone en juego en su interpre-tación usos de los conceptos de república ydemocracia que remiten a nuestra tradiciónteórico-política transicional, a partir de loscuales se da cuenta de un espacio de expe-riencia y un horizonte de expectativas abier-tos por aquella coyuntura crítica, que signa-rá el devenir de la democracia argentina enlos años subsiguientes.
This paper analyzes the spatio-temporal dynamic patterns of farmland and rural settlements from 1990 to 2006 in Su–Xi–Chang region of coastal China experienced dramatic economic and spatial ...restructuring, using high-resolution Landsat TM (Thematic Mapper) data in 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2006, and socio-economic data from both research institutes and government departments. To examine the spatial patterns of farmland and rural settlements and their change over time, a set of pattern metrics that capture different dimensions of land fragmentation was identified. The outcomes indicated that, to a large extent, land-use change from 1990 to 2006 in Su–Xi–Chang region was characterized by a serious replacement of farmland with urban and rural settlements, construction land, and artificial ponds. Population growth, rapid industrialization and urbanization are the major driving forces of farmland change, and China's economic reforms played an important role in the transformation of rural settlements. China's “
building a new countryside” is an epoch-making countryside planning policy. The focuses of building a new countryside in coastal China need to be concentrated on protecting the farmland, developing modern agriculture, and building “clean and tidy villages.” Rural construction land consolidation and cultivated land consolidation are two important ways to achieve the building objectives. The authors argue that it is fundamental to lay out a scientific urban–rural integrated development planning for building a new countryside, which needs to pay more attention to making the rural have certain functions serving for the urban. In addition, the cultural elements of idyll and the rural landscape need to be reserved and respected in the process of building a new countryside in coastal China, instead of building a new countryside, which looks more like a city.
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