In this paper, we examine photoluminescence spectra (PL) of Cu2ZnSnSe4/CdS/ZnO solar cells, based on an absorber layer fabricated by selenization of sputtered Cu, Zn, Sn multilayers, via ...temperature-dependent and illumination power-dependent measurements. We observe anomalous emission behavior: the PL peak initially decreases with increasing temperature (red shift) in the temperature range 10–60K, followed by a blue shift at higher temperature in the range 60–180K. A recombination model is proposed that is able to explain both temperature dependent PL as well as power-dependent PL. The important aspect of the proposed model is taking into account the presence of strong potential fluctuations in the absorber layer, which can also contribute to the low Voc values generally observed in Cu2ZnSnSe4, based solar cells.
•A comprehensive recombination model is proposed to explain the photoluminescence spectra of CZTSe solar cells.•We observe anomalous emission behavior due to the presence of strong potential fluctuations in the material.•The low Voc values in CZTSe solar cells can be linked to the presence of the potential fluctuations in the material.
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•A new BE-DAP strategy was first introduced for lignocellulose pretreatment.•BE-DAP caused significant increase in RS enzymatic digestibility.•The enhancement by Cupriavidus ...basilensis B-8 can reach up to 70% compared to DAP.•Physicochemical characterization indicated a bacterial digging mechanism for BE-DAP.
Pretreatment is indispensable for the large-scale and low-cost bio-products production from lignocellulosic biomass. Herein, a new bacteria-enhanced dilute acid pretreatment (BE-DAP) strategy was introduced. Cupriavidus basilensis B-8 as a potential bacterium for lignin degradation was employed. Multi-scale characterizations on the physicochemical structure of rice straw indicated that Cupriavidus basilensis B-8 could act on the lignin droplets formed in dilute acid pretreatment (DAP), and dig out these droplets to recover cracks and holes on rice straw surface, leaving an opened and porous structure for the easy access of enzyme to inner cellulose. Eventually, the enzymatic digestibility of RS was increased by 35–70% and 173–244% in BE-DAP compared to DAP pretreated and untreated RS, respectively. The BE-DAP strategy, as well as its physicochemical mechanism, opened new perspectives for lignocellulose pretreatment.
In this work, a detection and classification method for sleep apnea and hypopnea, using photopletysmography (PPG) and peripheral oxygen saturation (2) signals, is proposed. The detector consists of ...two parts: one that detects reductions in amplitude fluctuation of PPG (DAP)and one that detects oxygen desaturations. To further differentiate among sleep disordered breathing events (SDBE), the pulse rate variability (PRV) was extracted from the PPG signal, and then used to extract features that enhance the sympatho-vagal arousals during apneas and hypopneas. A classification was performed to discriminate between central and obstructive events, apneas and hypopneas. The algorithms were tested on 96 overnight signals recorded at the UZ Leuven hospital, annotated by clinical experts, and from patients without any kind of co-morbidity. An accuracy of 75.1% for the detection of apneas and hypopneas, in one-minute segments,was reached. The classification of the detected events showed 92.6% accuracy in separating central from obstructive apnea, 83.7% for central apnea and central hypopnea and 82.7% for obstructive apnea and obstructive hypopnea. The low implementation cost showed a potential for the proposed method of being used as screening device, in ambulatory scenarios.
Summary
Most land plants associate with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi to secure mineral nutrient acquisition, especially that of phosphorus. A phosphate starvation response (PHR)‐centered network ...regulates AM symbiosis.
Here, we identified 520 direct target genes for the rice transcription factor OsPHR1/2/3 during AM symbiosis using transcriptome deep sequencing and DNA affinity purification sequencing. These genes were involved in strigolactone biosynthesis, transcriptional reprogramming, and bidirectional nutrient exchange.
Moreover, we identified the receptor‐like kinase, Arbuscule Development Kinase 1 (OsADK1), as a new target of OsPHR1/2/3. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and transactivation assays showed that OsPHR2 can bind directly to the P1BS elements within the OsADK1 promoter to activate its transcription. OsADK1 appeared to be required for mycorrhizal colonization and arbuscule development. In addition, hydroponic experiments suggested that OsADK1 may be involved in plant Pi starvation responses.
Our findings validate a role for OsPHR1/2/3 as master regulators of mycorrhizal‐related genes involved in various stages of symbiosis, and uncover a new RLK involved in AM symbiosis and plant Pi starvation responses.
•Measurement of ρ, u and determination of VmE and uE in 1,2- DAP (1) + AAc (2) binary liquid mixtures.•Theoretical analysis in terms of RK equation, various ‘u’correlations, SCF and JFL ...theory.•Qualitative interpretation of molecular interactions.•DFT, IR investigations and predictions of molecular interactions.•Optimization of geometries and calculation of interaction energies.
Studies of density and speed of sound are commonly used tools to ascertain the properties of pure liquids and the nature of interactions between component molecules of a binary mixture. Herein, the density (ρ) and speed of sound (u) of methyl acetate (MAc), ethyl acetate (EAc), n-propyl acetate (n-PAc) and n-butyl acetate (n-BAc) and their binary mixture with 1,2-diaminopropane (1,2-DAP) were measured over the entire composition range at atmospheric pressure 0.1 MPa and in the temperature range of 298.15–318.15 K with a step of 5 K. Different excess thermo-physical properties including the excess molar volume (VmE), excess ultrasonic speed (uE), excess free volume (VfE), excess intermolecular free length (LfE), and excess molar isentropic compressibility were evaluated from the measured results of ρ and u. The evaluated properties were also analysed in terms of the extent and nature of interactions. The Redlich-Kister polynomial equation was used to correlate the various excess properties to the composition. Further, the u data is analysed by various correlations, Schaaff’s collision factor theory (CFT) and Jacobson’s free length theory (JFLT). The effect of chain length, branching and temperature on the intermolecular interactions and the magnitude of the measured properties have also been systematically analysed. Furthermore, excess molar properties and the intermolecular interactions have been interpreted in the light of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and density functional theory (DFT) studies. Hydrogen-bonded interactions are predicted to play important role in stabilising the binary mixtures.
Summary
A group of MADS transcription factors (TFs) are believed to control temperature‐mediated bud dormancy. These TFs, called DORMANCY‐ASSOCIATED MADS‐BOX (DAM), are encoded by genes similar to ...SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP) from Arabidopsis. MADS proteins form transcriptional complexes whose combinatory composition defines their molecular function. However, how MADS multimeric complexes control the dormancy cycle in trees is unclear.
Apple MdDAM and other dormancy‐related MADS proteins form complexes with MdSVPa, which is essential for the ability of transcriptional complexes to bind to DNA. Sequential DNA‐affinity purification sequencing (seq‐DAP‐seq) was performed to identify the genome‐wide binding sites of apple MADS TF complexes. Target genes associated with the binding sites were identified by combining seq‐DAP‐seq data with transcriptomics datasets obtained using a glucocorticoid receptor fusion system, and RNA‐seq data related to apple dormancy.
We describe a gene regulatory network (GRN) formed by MdSVPa‐containing complexes, which regulate the dormancy cycle in response to environmental cues and hormonal signaling pathways. Additionally, novel molecular evidence regarding the evolutionary functional segregation between DAM and SVP proteins in the Rosaceae is presented.
MdSVPa sequentially forms complexes with the MADS TFs that predominate at each dormancy phase, altering its DNA‐binding specificity and, therefore, the transcriptional regulation of its target genes.
Se presenta el estudio de la comunidad de líquenes epífitos de Juniperus flaccida, especie endémica de México. Se aplica la regla de Sturges para agrupar y ordenar los valores del diámetro altura ...pecho (DAP). Se comparan los grupos de DAP con la riqueza liquénica aplicando la prueba de Mann-Whitney U-test, los resultados no mostraron diferencias significativas. Se utilizó la composición de especies para clasificar a los grupos de DAP con el análisis de conglomerados de doble vía. Se determinó la diversidad alfa, beta y gamma. Se registran 39 especies de hongos liquenizados alrededor de J. flacciday 65 líquenes epífitos; de estos, 59 fueron nuevos registros asociados a J. flaccida. Se reportan cinco nuevos registros para Oaxaca (Caloplaca ferruginea, Dermatocarpon americanum, Lecanora albella, Lecanora helvay Ochrolechia mexicana) y tres nuevos registros para México (Diploschistes scruposus, Traponora variansy Chaenothecatrichialis).
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