In recent years, with the fast development of computer and Internet technologies, text-mining computer methods are becoming more and more important. Computer systems capacities can be further used in ...such areas as text summarization, information retrieval, text correcting, determining text subject, machine text translation, creating lexicons, determining text sentiment. This monograph is focused on sentiment analysis in the most popular meaning of this phrase i.e. on the sentiment of the whole document. The problems of binary classification (two document groups), staying away from external sources, using the training set but in the possibly smallest size, were emphasized. The monograph’s targets are: providing a comparative review of sentiment analysis methods to be found in literature, investigating the quality of selected methods of document sentiment classification in applications to Polish language written documents, proposing new methods which would upgrade the classification quality or possess other advantages. An original method with simple interpretation has been proposed which proved to be better than standard methods applied to classify English language documents, especially in the case of documents corpora with similar number of documents in both classes. The research was carried out on thirteen sets of documents from different independent sources.
The book handed over to the Readers includes the scientific, didactic and organizational achievements of statisticians and demographers of the University of Lodz. It can be treated as a continuation ...of the monograph entitled "Lodz academic statistics", published in 2020. The aim of the book is to present the achievements of statisticians and demographers of the University of Lodz, including precursors who have made a significant contribution to the development of statistics and demography as scientific disciplines and their wide application in many fields of knowledge. The occasion to publish this book was the 77th anniversary of the first lectures conducted by academic teachers at the University of Lodz and at the Lodz Branch of the Warsaw School of Economics. The presented scientific work covers a period of over one hundred years and has contributed to the significant development of statistics and demography in numerous higher education institutions, mainly at the University of Lodz. The Lodz community also supported other universities in Poland by promoting doctors and habilitated doctors, managing scientific projects and by organizing international conferences, including Multivariate Statistical Analysis conference, which will have its 40th edition in 2022. The book is scientific and popular science. It enriches the information on the scientific and didactic achievements of statisticians and demographers of the University of Lodz against the background of Polish, and partly also global, statistics and demography, in the process of historical development. Based on source documents, these achievements were presented against the background of Polish statistical and demographic thought ant its contribution to international statistical congresses.
This book analyzes the Central Asian economies of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan, from their buffeting by the commodity boom of the early 2000s to its ...collapse in 2014. Richard Pomfret examines the countries' relations with external powers and the possibilities for development offered by infrastructure projects as well as rail links between China and Europe.
The transition of these nations from centrally planned to market-based economic systems was essentially complete by the early 2000s, when the region experienced a massive increase in world prices for energy and mineral exports. This raised incomes in the main oil and gas exporters, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan; brought more benefits to the most populous country, Uzbekistan; and left the poorest countries, the Kyrgyz Republic and Tajikistan, dependent on remittances from migrant workers in oil-rich Russia and Kazakhstan. Pomfret considers the enhanced role of the Central Asian nations in the global economy and their varied ties to China, the European Union, Russia, and the United States. With improved infrastructure and connectivity between China and Europe (reflected in regular rail freight services since 2011 and China's announcement of its Belt and Road Initiative in 2013), relaxation of United Nations sanctions against Iran in 2016, and the change in Uzbekistan's presidency in late 2016, a window of opportunity appears to have opened for Central Asian countries to achieve more sustainable economic futures.
Research into the profitability dynamics of the banking sector is continuously current, significant, and complex. Bearing that in mind, this paper measures and analyzes the profitability dynamics of ...the banking sector in Serbia using FLMAW MARCOS methods. The empirical results obtained by applying the given methodology show that the five best years of achieved profitability in the banking sector in Serbia in the period 2008 - 2022 are in order: 2018, 2017, 2008, 2019 and 2022. The worst profitability was achieved in 2013. Recently, the profitability of the banking sector in Serbia has improved. It was influenced by the economic climate, management of human resources, assets, capital, sales of banking products, costs, and profits. The digitalization of the entire business plays a significant role in this. The impact of the Covid-19 corona virus pandemic, as well as the global energy crisis, is significant. In order to improve the profitability of the banking sector in Serbia, it is necessary to manage human resources, assets, capital, sales, costs and profits as efficiently as possible and adapt to changes in the economic climate.
The main aim of this paper is to present the results of sustainability reporting and digital transformation in an international bank which operates in Serbia. This paper contributes to the existing ...literature of sustainability and digital transformation in developing countries. The mix-method has been used. Quantitative data have been collected from 355 managers from the observed bank. The qualitative data were sourced from publicity available information regarding 2020 and 2021. The results of quantitative data, processed by appropriate statistical procedures, pointed to self-reinforcement stage of digital transformation. The analysis of sustainability indicators revealed the higher values of Bank Contribution to the “Social Product”, and training and new employment. In 2021, it is evidenced the higher rate of turnover that implicated to new human resource strategy. The findings add to the existing literature on sustainability and digitization in cross-cultural organizational contexts. The practical implementation suggestions for managers are suggested, too.
This paper aims to determine the effects of the transition on mutual trade between the countries of the former Yugoslavia. The research will be based on a qualitative and descriptive analysis of ...representative databases of the six countries mentioned for the time period after the disintegration of the SFRY. Economic reforms and the trade liberalisation process started even within the SFRY, but the reforms did not yield the desired results. After the disintegration of the SFRY, all countries independently defined the transition process and chose the path of European integration. In the first phase of the transition, all countries experienced recession and hyperinflation and a high foreign trade deficit due to trade liberalisation. The second phase was characterised by regulatory reform and institution building, but this process did not proceed at the same speed in all countries. After 2000, Slovenia was the only one with a higher export level as a percentage of GDP compared to imports (68.2%), and the other countries lagged significantly behind. When Slovenia and Croatia became EU members, they increased their foreign trade exchange with the EU. Other countries of the former Yugoslavia developed their mutual trade, primarily due to the CEFTA Agreement. By signing the agreement, all countries achieved export growth as a percentage of GDP, and the highest values of this indicator were recorded in North Macedonia (49.6%) and Serbia (40.8%). Within the CEFTA group, Serbia is the largest exporter and importer by value (its most important partner is Bosnia and Herzegovina). If we consider all the countries of the former SFRY, the largest exporter and importer is Slovenia, and its largest foreign trade partner is Croatia.
