Transplantacijska etika (TE) određena je brojnim povijesnim, filozofskim, znanstvenim, medicinskim, pravnim, sociološkim i ekonomskim čimbenicima. Nacionalne posebnosti Republike Hrvatske (RH) u ovom ...se području temelje na zavidnom uspjehu u transplantaciji (TX) solidnih organa i uređenoj relevantnoj legislativi koja pogoduje
ovom uspjehu. Tako problemi nedostatka organa za TX, doniranja, dodjele i pravedne raspodjele nisu važne teme TE-a u RH, ali globalno ostaju vodeća etička područja u TX-u. U RH je na snazi uzorit Zakon o presumptivnom pristanku na doniranje organa nakon smrti (tzv. zakon opt-out, jer se izjašnjavanje traži za „biti izvan – out” mogućih darovatelja). Nepoznavanje zakona opt-out o doniranju organa nakon moždane smrti, vrijedećega u RH, neusklađenost s običajima i odredbom Kodeksa medicinske etike i deontologije o traženju suglasnosti obitelji za doniranje organa nakon moždane smrti te nedovoljno regrutiranje kandidata za TX u nas se nameću kao sporne etičke teme. Budućnost predviđa mogućnost TX-a organom nehumanog podrijetla kao što je onaj uzgojen u svinjskom organizmu, što otvara nova etička područja i za RH i za ostatak svijeta.
The Embodiment of Psychoanalytic Theory in Business Ethics
This article aims to review how the manifestation of psychoanalytic theory in explaining unethical behavior in business organizations is ...demonstrated through an approach to stakeholder theory. The research method uses literature study. This literature study involves secondary data sources, such as books, journals, previous research articles, mass media, and electronic media. Ten needs of human neurosis according to the psychoanalytic theory of Karen Horney, then classified into five managerial styles formulated by Kats de Vries (1984). Five managerial styles in the company's operations must find stakeholder problems which according to stakeholder theory consist of three main problems. Three major problems with stakeholder theory ultimately lead to five ethical failures. Previous research on fraud has always referred to Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory which is the conscious side of humans. However, by following the path of Karen Horney's psychoanalytic theory that carries the human subconscious side, the understanding of fraud becomes different by considering the needs of human neurosis. This study examines the failure of business ethics from the side of the human subconscious (neurosis).
Pengejawantahan Teori Psikoanalitik Pada Etika Bisnis
Artikel ini bertujuan untuk meninjau bagaimana manifestasi teori psikoanalitik dalam menjelaskan perilaku tidak etis dalam organisasi bisnis ditunjukkan melalui pendekatan teori pemangku kepentingan. Metode penelitian menggunakan studi literatur. Studi literatur ini melibatkan sumber data sekunder, seperti buku, jurnal, artikel penelitian terdahulu, media massa, dan media elektronik. Sepuluh kebutuhan neurosis manusia menurut teori psikoanalitik Karen Horney, kemudian diklasifikasikan ke dalam lima gaya manajerial yang dirumuskan oleh Kats de Vries (1984). Lima gaya manajerial dalam operasi perusahaan harus menemukan masalah pemangku kepentingan yang menurut teori pemangku kepentingan terdiri dari tiga masalah utama. Tiga masalah utama dengan teori pemangku kepentingan pada akhirnya menyebabkan lima kegagalan etis. Penelitian sebelumnya tentang penipuan selalu mengacu pada teori psikoanalitik Sigmund Freud yang merupakan sisi sadar manusia. Namun, dengan mengikuti jalan teori psikoanalitik Karen Horney yang mengusung sisi bawah sadar manusia, pemahaman tentang penipuan menjadi berbeda dengan mempertimbangkan kebutuhan neurosis manusia. Studi ini mengkaji kegagalan etika bisnis dari sisi alam bawah sadar manusia (neurosis).
In this Modern era, human being identic with positivistic and materialistic thinking. In this step human out of religious and philosophic thinking. That gives impact to morality that lose from ...believe in God. This is urgency of this research at modern global era. Writer use philosophical approach and critical method. The result of this research is characteristic of Gus Dur ethic it’s religious-rational. The foundation of Gus Dur ethic is religious teaching, God gives human some of excess that are reason, moral and feel. From that, human have to responsibility to keep universe especially to human being, not to self-interest. Gus Dur ethic that based on religious and ratioanl approach is appropriate in this modern era, especially at Indonesian state, because Gus Dur is the figure that rise up Indonesian Islam (Islam Nusantara)
The Church believed that her faith had social relevance. God, who is believed in, is responded to in concrete cultural and political situations. Therefore, the Church is no longer an isolated ...religious institution but integral to people's life experiences. Currently, the Indonesian nation is not only in a political crisis but also a crisis of political behavior. This crisis is exacerbated because the political elite has no shame in politics. Empirically, it is effortless to find examples of how there is no sense of shame because they have been guilty in society, and most prominently in the attitudes of political elites. It is no secret that many leaders and political elites are guilty of causing various crises, but when appearing in public, they do not show that they are guilty. Thus, this study aims to find the ethical values of the passion story of Jesus based on the Gospel of John. John presents the story of Jesus' passion for showing Jesus' empire as King through His "exaltation" on the Cross. Through this reading, leaders and public officials know and behave as leaders in front of the people. This research is a critical reading of the story of the passion of Jesus so that ethical points are found on how the political elite should act in the public sphere.
Santo Augustinus seorang filosof abad pertengahan yang sekaligus juga seorang teolog. Ia mencari sintesis antara rasionalitas Yunani dan iman Kristiani. Meskipun iman Kristiani dan refleksi filosofis ...menyatu secara tak terpisahkan dalam Santo Augustinus, apa yang ditulisnya bukan hanya penting bagi teologi Kristiani, melainkan juga merupakan sumbangan besar kepada pemikiran murni filosofis, melampaui umat seimannya. Santo Augustinus tidak menulis buku khusus tentang etika – meskipun bernapaskan imannya yang kristiani – dalam struktur teoritis etika Santo Augustinus betul-betul filosofis yang tidak mengandaikan iman keprcayaan agama tertentu. Etika Santo Augustinus yang mengangkat kembali intuisi dasar Plato amat menentukan seluruh pemikiran teologi moral di Barat selanjutnya. Dalam pemikirannya tentang etika, Santo Augustinus sama sekali tidak menyinggung tentang filsafat perennial. Namun pemikiran etikanya yang yang mendasarkan pada perintah ilahi dan penyatuan manusia dengan Tuhan melalui cinta membawa pada visi filsafat perenial. Dimana ada tiga konsepsi filsafat perenial/filsafat keabadian yaitu metafisika (berorientasi pada ketuhanan), psikologi (manusia sebagai mikrokosmos) dan etika (sebagai keselarasan).
The Dark Side of Leaders in Motivating Corruption. This study aims to explore the role of organizational leaders in motivating their staff to commit corruption. The method used is thick description ...by involving informants from a private company. This research shows that organizational leaders, through their authority, can motivate their staff to commit acts of corruption. Even so, there are positive aspects of a leader that can hinder this action, namely his position as a role model and his religious character. On the other hand, upholding organizational ethics is considered capable of deterring any party from committing corruption.
Vychádzame z predpokladu, že práve v ekologickej etike prekonávame bariéry medzi ´dvoma kultúrami´ tým, že teoretici z obidvoch kultúr vzájomne komunikujú, hľadajú spoločný jazyk. Táto štúdia sa ...prikláňa k (v súlade s pragmatickým požiadavkou nájsť fungujúce riešenie problémov životného prostredia, alebo inými slovami interdisciplinárne nazeranie) ku kontextuálnemu a situačnému rozmeru etickej integrácie a rozhodovania v problematickej oblasti eko-etického výskumu a riadenia. Etická integrácia nie je len teoretická alebo intelektuálna činnosť (tzn. filozofická asimilácia rôznych hodnôt, povinností a záujmov), ale je tiež forma praktického uvažovania, ktoré je často realizované protikladnými morálnymi činiteľmi v komplexných a často empiricky a morálne dvojznačných situáciach. Predpokladáme, že najdôležitejšie integrujúce úlohy v každom rozumnom modeli etické analýzy musia mať metodický charakter: zvýšenie citlivosti jednotlivca voči etickému kontextu praxe (jeho chápanie príslušných morálnych princípov týkajúcich sa praxe) a podpora zlepšenia predstavivosti a analytickej zručnosti jednotlivcov tak, že sa stanú schopnými zlepšiť úvahy o morálno-ekologických a environmentálnych problémov a ich riešeniach kreatívnym a systematickým spôsobom
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