Territorially, Spanish public administrations are organized into State Administration, Autonomous Community Administration, and Local Administration. Local government has the closest contact with ...citizens and therefore the powers and decisions taken by local institutions have the greatest impact on the social welfare of citizens. To ensure this well-being, it is necessary to analyze and pay attention to the administrative and financial autonomy of local governments. Financial autonomy translates into the capacity of local entities to govern their respective finances, determining, within certain limits, the level of the volume of their own resources and organizing their expenditures. In this work, we study the Financial Autonomy Indicator, which aims to determine the tax resources available to the local entity. Taking into account that Spanish municipalities have, depending on their population size, different obligations when providing services to citizens, the convergence of financial autonomy is studied to detect whether there are common trends by applying the techniques of β-convergence and σ-convergence. It is analyzed whether municipalities starting from lower indicators achieve higher growth over time ( β-convergence), and whether dispersion between municipalities is reduced ( σ-convergence).
Points for practitioners
Local autonomy grants local entities the freedom to manage their own interests within the State's legal framework. Greater economic diversity and the ability to raise more money on their own through taxes, fees, and other sources characterize larger communities. They have a wider tax base thanks to their higher economic diversification, which opens up more opportunities for revenue collection. The speed of convergence is highest in the smallest municipalities. Knowing whether there is convergence or divergence in financial autonomy can help policy makers.
Microfinance has a significant impact on the country’s development. It strives to support economically disadvantaged communities in achieving higher levels of wealth development and income security ...for both households and entire communities. It assists small loans to initiate micro-level business activities which fosters financial autonomy among them. It also ensures better society and growth of a nation. The objective of the study is to map the preceding research direction in the field of microfinance in India and offers guidance to writers and researchers entering the subject of microfinance in India by providing data on year-wise publications, citations pattern, authorship pattern, types of documents preferred by the researchers, preferred sources of communication and institutions mostly associated with microfinance-related literature in India. The study also covered the critical issues related to growth of microfinance in India. Major keywords used in the microfinance research and their association with other keywords, examines the preferred countries for collaboration by Indian authors in microfinance-related studies, and the social impact of top cited articles published during the study period.
This research analyzes a group of municipalities in Algeria from the perspective of financial autonomy in the management of public finances at the level of local administrations. Local public ...finances in Algeria have not been as severely impacted as the State’s during the global health crisis 2020, but this is more concerning than reassuring. Ironically, the reason for this is the same as what made the municipality the “driving force” of local development, a sub-national entity heavily reliant on state aid: financial constraints. As a result, this study aims to reflect on the reality of the local government's financial management through a survey conducted in Annaba’s wilaya and, more specifically, in the municipality of Annaba, El-Bouni, Berrahal, El-Hadjar, and Sidi Amar. As a result, it was necessary to inquire about the obstacles that needed to be overcome to lay the groundwork for more effective local financial management and the local community’s aspirations.
European strategic documents and analytical reports of international organizations are analysed. Authors found out that expansion of university financial autonomy and increase of university social ...responsibility is a trend of the European Higher Education Area (EHEA). Strategic documents in Ukraine, which is directly related to the development of higher education, are analysed. Authors defined that ensuring the autonomy and promoting social responsibility of higher education institutions are important for enhancement of the management efficiency in Ukraine’s higher education system. Authors proposed the definitions of the concepts “university financial autonomy” and “expansion of university financial autonomy”. Key features / dimensions / contexts, which are essential in terms of expanding university financial autonomy, are identified. They include: industry and institution management characteristics; state role in higher education management; types of governance in higher education; models of modern universities; paradigms of social development; level of university financial autonomy; efficiency of activity; approaches to funding; mechanisms and instruments for expanding of university financial autonomy. Factors, determining / limiting the level of financial autonomy of Ukraine’s universities are clarified. Conceptual frameworks, approaches and possible scenarios for expansion of financial autonomy of Ukraine’s higher education institutions in terms of their social responsibility increasing are proposed. The first scenario involves a combination of low level of university financial autonomy and low levels of resources providing and university impact on social development. The second scenario includes a combination of low level of university financial autonomy and high levels of resources providing and university impact on social development. The third scenario involves a combination of a high level of university financial autonomy and low levels of resources providing and university impact on social development. The fourth scenario includes a combination of a high level of university financial autonomy and high levels of resources providing and university impact on social development. Authors clarified the connection between the concepts: university autonomy and university social responsibility; university social responsibility and funding; university social responsibility and accountability of universities.
The article substantiates the principles, methods, organizational components of distance learning, the levels of formation of financial literacy of heads of educational institutions and the model of ...the method of distance learning of financial literacy of heads of educational institutions, recommendations are provided for the development and implementation of effective methods of distance learning to increase the financial literacy of participants in the educational process. The main components of the method of distance learning of financial literacy of the heads of educational institutions are described, including the correspondence of educational materials to the needs of the target audience, the use of various interactive methods, as well as the evaluation of training results. The methodology provides an individual approach to each head of an educational institution, which allows taking into account the level of training and interests of each participant, and provides the opportunity to change the pace of training depending on the needs of the participant. The main principles of the methodology are the use of active and interactive forms of learning, ensuring visibility and accessibility of the material, as well as providing feedback between the teacher and participants. A feature of the author’s methodology is the selection of the content of training and the selection of digital tools that will help managers of educational institutions to successfully apply knowledge in their professional activities. In addition, the methodology provides for the development of practical skills, which allows managers of educational institutions to apply knowledge and skills in real practice.
PDF
