The investigation of the composition, antioxidant activity of blueberry anthocyanins (BA) and the effects on human intestinal microbiota were carried out. The separation of anthocyanins from ...blueberry (Vaccinum sp.) was performed by liquid chromatography-diode array detector-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-DAD-ESI-MS2). 14 anthocyanins were tentatively identified and their concentration was determined. Among them, malvidin-3-O-glucoside was the main anthocyanin species, followed by malvidin-3-O-galactoside and petunidin-3-O-glucoside, they accounted for 44.81% of the total anthocyanins in blueberry extract. The antioxidant activities were evaluated by DPPH, ABTS• +, FRAP, reducing power and superoxide anion radical scavenging activity. The result showed that the EC50 value of BA by ABTS•+assay was lower than the data obtained by DPPH assay, which was 14.99 μg/mL and 26.48 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the impact of BA on human intestinal microbiota were analyzed by high throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. The results demonstrated that BA have impact on the microbial diversity. They could increase the relative abundances of some certain communities including Bifidobacterium spp. Our findings suggest that blueberry and blueberry extracts consumption could exert prebiotic activity which are associated with health benefits.
•Malvidin-3-O-glucoside was the main blueberry anthocyanin species.•The antioxidant activities were evaluated by five assays.•High throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis was applied.•Blueberry anthocyanins increased the number of Bifidobacterium.
In this study, S-methyl derivatives of dithiocarbamates (DTCs) were shown to significantly enhance chemiluminescence (CL) between Ce(IV) and efficient and environmentally friendly nitrogen-doped ...carbon dots (NCDs). Based on the elucidation of the CL mechanisms, an innovative approach involving high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with N-CDs and CL detection (HPLC-CDCL) was proposed. The developed method was successfully applied to the highly sensitive detection of three DTC fungicides (dimethyl dithiocarbamate, ethylene bisdithiocarbamate, and propylene bisdithiocarbamate) in tea. The recovery of the established method ranged 70.51–116.45%, with relative standard deviations (RSD) of <9.40%. The limit of detection (S/N = 3) was as low as 0.19 μg/L (as CS2), which is superior to the previous methods and comparable to UPLC-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Moreover, the proposed approach does not require solid-phase extraction and offers excellent selectivity. This study proposes a novel method for the detection of DTCs in the food safety and environmental fields.
•CL system of DTCMe was proposed by novel combination of Ce(IV) and designed CDs.•DTCs could be determined with outstanding sensitivity based on HPLC-CDCL method.•The proposed method exhibited both superior selectivity and excellent efficiency.
Arsenolipids are the major arsenic species present in marine oils. Several structures of arsenolipids have been elucidated the last 5 years, demonstrating the chemical complexity of this trace ...element in the marine environment. Several commercial fish oils and marine oils, ranging in total arsenic concentrations from 1.6 to 12.5mgkg−1 oil, were analyzed for arsenolipids using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC–ICP-MS). The arsenolipids were quantified using three different arsenic-containing calibration standards; dimethylarsinate (DMA), triphenylarsinoxide (Ph3AsO) and a synthesized arsenic-containing hydrocarbon (AsHC) (dimethylarsinoyl nonadecane; C21H43AsO). The observed variation in signal intensity for arsenic during the gradient elution profile in reversed-phase HPLC was compensated for by determining the time-resolved response factors for the arsenolipids. Isotopes of germanium (74Ge) and indium (115In) were suited as internal standards for arsenic, and were used for verification of the arsenic signal response factors during the gradient elution. Dimethylarsinate was the most suitable calibration standard for the quantification of arsenolipids, with recoveries between 91% and 104% compared to total arsenic measurements in the same extracts. A range of marine oils was investigated, including oils of several fish species, cod liver and seal, as well as three commercial fish oils. The AsHCs – C17H38AsO, C19H42AsO and C23H38AsO – were identified as the major arsenolipids in the extracts of all oils by HPLC coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (qTOF-MS). Minor amounts of two arsenic-containing fatty acids (AsFAs) (C23H38AsO3 and C24H38AsO3) were also detected in the oils. The sum of the AsHCs and the AsFAs determined in the present study accounted for 17–42% of the total arsenic in the oils.
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•Marine oils were analyzed for arsenolipids using reversed-phase HPLC–ICP-MS.•The chemical structures of the compounds were identified using HPLC–qTOF-MS.•The three major arsenolipids were arsenic-containing hydrocarbons.•Two minor compounds were arsenic-containing fatty acids.•The compounds were quantified by a single-compound calibration approach with DMA.
Introduction
Organic molecules that bind to cannabinoid receptors are known as cannabinoids. These molecules possess pharmacological properties similar to those produced by Cannabis sativa L. ...High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra‐performance liquid chromatography (UPLC, also known as ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography, UHPLC) have become the most widely used analytical tools for detection and quantification of phytocannabinoids in various matrices. HPLC and UPLC (or UHPLC) are usually coupled to an ultraviolet (UV), photodiode array (PDA), or mass spectrometric (MS) detector.
Objective
To critically appraise the literature on the application of HPLC and UPLC (or UHPLC) methods for the analysis of phytocannabinoids published from January 2020 to December 2023.
Methodology
An extensive literature search was conducted using Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar and published materials including relevant books. In various combinations, using cannabinoid in all combinations, cannabis, hemp, hashish, C. sativa, marijuana, analysis, HPLC, UHPLC, UPLC, and quantitative, qualitative, and quality control were used as the keywords for the literature search.
Results
Several HPLC‐ and UPLC (or UHPLC)‐based methods for the analysis of phytocannabinoids were reported. While simple HPLC‐UV or HPLC‐PDA‐based methods were common, the use of HPLC‐MS, HPLC‐MS/MS, UPLC (or UHPLC)‐PDA, UPLC (or UHPLC)‐MS, and UPLC (or UHPLC)‐MS/MS was also reported. Applications of mathematical and computational models for optimization of protocols were noted. Pre‐analyses included various environmentally friendly extraction protocols.
Conclusion
During the last 4 years, HPLC and UPLC (or UHPLC) remained the main analytical tools for phytocannabinoid analysis in different matrices.
HPLC and UPLC (or UHPLC) are versatile analytical tools for the analysis of phytocannabinoids. This review critically appraises the literature on the application of HPLC and UPLC (or UHPLC) methods for the analysis of phytocannabinoids published from January 2020 to December 2023. During this period, HPLC and UPLC (or UHPLC) remained the main analytical tools for phytocannabinoid analysis. Applications of mathematical and computational models for optimization of protocols were noted. Pre‐analyses included various environmentally friendly extraction protocols.
The recycling and revalorization of wastes from the agri-food industry (AFI) have emerged in the scientific scenario as a multidisciplinary working field in the framework of the circular bioeconomy. ...Residues and side materials from AFI result in a great source of raw products with increasing social and economic impact. In this regard, phenolic compounds are possibly the most relevant group of phytochemicals from AFI wastes because of their multiple healthy properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, and antibacterial activities. Among other sources, olive oil, winemaking, and fruit and vegetable juice wastes have been considered to assess their revalorization. The paper reviews the recovery and characterization of AFI waste extracts to generate by-products rich in polyphenols for chemical, nutraceutical, and food science applications. Polyphenols are recovered from AFI waste by solvent extraction with conventional and advanced techniques. The resulting extracts are complex, and the major phenolic compounds should be identified and quantified. The profiling of analytes such as proanthocyanins, curcuminoids, resveratrol derivatives, caffeic acids, and oleuropein is often performed by liquid chromatography with UV/Vis or fluorescence detection. Additionally, liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry is the technique of choice for the unambiguous identification of target compounds and structural elucidation of new and unknown molecules. Complementarily, the antioxidant activity of the extracts can be determined using spectrophotometric assays.
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There has been a growing interest in hydroxytyrosol (HT) due to its powerful antioxidant and free-radical scavenging properties when added to formulations such as pharmaceuticals and ...cosmetics. To study the stability and transdermal properties of hydrogels and creams (HT-based formulations), a high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed for determining HT. In the Franz diffusion cell system, both hydrogel and cream show a rapid and similar penetration profile through the Bama miniature pig skin. However, the Strat-M® membrane exhibits slightly lower permeability and is selective to different formulations; that is, the cream has a permeability value of 10.69%, while the hydrogel has a value of 5.27%. The dynamics parameters from the permeation assays indicate that the model using the Strat-M® membrane can be used as a screening tool to evaluate the skin uptake and permeation efficacy of different formulations. Adding 3-O-ethyl-L-ascorbic acid to HT-based formulations can effectively prevent discoloration under prolonged high-temperature storage, while combining multiple antioxidants delays degradation most effectively. This study provides novel ideas for functional formulation optimization to enhance the realism and reproducibility of cosmetic products containing HT and provides scientific evidence for the production, packaging, shelf life, storage, and transportation of products.
A broad range of anthocyanins (glycosides of cyanidin, pelargonidin, peonidin, delphinidin, malvidin, and petunidin) was identified and quantified in the fruit of 24 wild and cultivated berry species ...using HPLC-DAD-MS2. The anthocyanin composition in species of Ribes, Rubus, Vaccinium, and Fragaria genus as well as in less known species of Crataegus, Morus, Amelanchier, Sorbus, Sambucus and Aronia genus was determined. Cyanidin was the most commonly occurring anthocyanidin, meanwhile malvidin glycosides were only detected in blueberries. Glycosides of pelargonidin were detected in raspberries, strawberry, black mulberry and chokeberry. Peonidin glycosides were identified in hawthorn, black currant and gooseberry as well as in blueberry species. The richest species in the content of peonidin glycosides were blueberries. Delphinidin glycosides were the prevailing form of anthocyanins in black currant and bilberry. The highest total anthocyanin content was determined in dark colored fruit of cultivated elderberry and bilberry whereas light-colored dog rose and Chinese hawthorn fruit had the lowest anthocyanin content. The composition of anthocyanidin glycosides did not differ between the fruit of wild growing and cultivated species, but their contents were generally different.
•First time detailed HPLC-MS anthocyanin profile for many species was reported.•Berry species varied in the number of aglycones and attached sugars.•Cyanidin glycosides were by far the prevailing group among berry anthocyanins.•Red fruits contained cyanidin glycosides, dark ones more delphinidin glycosides.•Cultivated elderberry and bilberry fruit had the highest total anthocyanin content.
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